Investigation of the Acute Effects of Different Warm-Up Protocols on Physical Performance Parameters in Soccer Players

Öz

This study aimed to comparatively examine the potential acute effects of two different warm-up protocols (Dynamic+Static and FIFA 11+) on various physical performance parameters in football players. Twenty male football players (mean age = 19.95 ± 1.09 years) voluntarily participated in the study. Each participant completed both warm-up protocols in separate sessions with a 48-hour interval. Following each protocol, flexibility, squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), pro-agility test, and 30 m sprint performances were assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software. The Shapiro–Wilk test was applied to verify the assumption of normality, and repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted for normally distributed variables. Significant differences were further analyzed using Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons, with the significance level set at p<0.05. The findings indicated that both protocols may lead to significant improvements in flexibility, agility, and squat jump performance (p<0.05). In agility performance, the FIFA 11+ protocol showed a greater tendency for improvement compared to the Dynamic+Static protocol (p=0.010). Small increases were observed in sprint and CMJ performances after both protocols; however, these changes were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Overall, the results suggest that both warm-up methods have the potential to acutely enhance flexibility, agility, and explosive strength in football players, with FIFA 11+ potentially offering relatively greater benefits for agility development. For performance components such as sprint and CMJ, which require high anaerobic capacity, longer-term or more targeted training programs may be necessary. Warm-up content should be planned in accordance with the specific performance goals of the athletes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Warm-Up Protocols
• Physical Performance
• Football
• FIFA 11+

Etik Beyan

The study was approved by the Karabük University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee with decision number 2024/1944. Informed consent forms were obtained from all participants. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Throughout the current research, the "Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive" was strictly followed.

Futbolcularda Farklı Isınma Protokollerinin Fiziksel Performans Parametreleri Üzerine Akut Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu araştırma, farklı ısınma protokollerinin (Dinamik+Statik ve FIFA 11+) futbolcularda çeşitli fiziksel performans parametreleri üzerindeki akut etkilerini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 19,95 ± 1,09 yıl olan 20 erkek futbolcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılara 48 saat arayla her iki ısınma protokolü uygulanmış; her protokol sonrasında esneklik, squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), pro-agility çeviklik testi ve 30 m sprint performansları değerlendirilmiştir. Veriler SPSS 25.0 yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Normallik varsayımı Shapiro–Wilk testi ile kontrol edilmiş; normal dağılım gösteren değişkenlerde tekrarlı ölçümler için ANOVA uygulanmıştır. Anlamlı farklılıklar Bonferroni düzeltmeli ikili karşılaştırmalarla belirlenmiş, anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak alınmıştır. Bulgular, esneklik, çeviklik ve squat jump performanslarında her iki protokol sonrasında anlamlı artışlar olabileceğini göstermektedir (p<0,05). Çeviklik performansında FIFA 11+ protokolünün, Dinamik+Statik protokole kıyasla daha yüksek iyileşme eğilimi sergileyebileceği görülmüştür (p=0,010). Sprint ve CMJ performanslarında her iki protokol sonrası küçük artışlar görülmüş, ancak bu değişimler istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Sonuçlar, her iki ısınma protokolünün futbolcularda esneklik, çeviklik ve patlayıcı kuvvet performansını kısa vadede artırma potansiyeline sahip olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Çeviklik gelişimi açısından FIFA 11+ protokolünün nispeten daha olumlu sonuçlar sağlayabileceği değerlendirilmektedir. Sprint ve CMJ gibi yüksek anaerobik kapasite gerektiren parametrelerde ise daha uzun süreli veya hedefe yönelik antrenman programlarının gerekli olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Isınma içeriklerinin, sporcuların bireysel performans hedefleri doğrultusunda planlanması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Isınma Protokolleri
• Fiziksel Performans
• Futbol
• FIFA 11+

Etik Beyan

Çalışma, Karabük Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu'nun 2024/1944 sayılı kararıyla onaylanmıştır. Tüm katılımcılardan aydınlatılmış onam formları alınmıştır. Çalışma, Helsinki Bildirgesi'ne uygun olarak yürütülmüştür. Mevcut araştırma boyunca "Yükseköğretim Kurumları Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Yönergesi"ne titizlikle uyulmuştur.

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