Taekwondo Sporcularında Plyometrik Egzersizin Sıçrama, Sprint ve Çeviklik Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 8 haftalık plyometrik egzersizin (PE) elit tekvando sporcularında yatay sıçrama (HJ), dikey sıçrama (VJ), sprint ve çeviklik performansları üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmektir. Yirmi elit tekvando sporcusu çalışmaya dahil edildi ve rastgele iki gruba ayrıldı: deney grubu (EG) ve kontrol grubu (CG). EG; n = 5 erkek; 20.51±1.81 yaş ve 5 kadın; 20.01±2.85 yaş; CG; n = 6 erkek; 19.89±2.21 yaş ve 4 kadın; 20.85±1.75 yaş. Sporcular 8 hafta boyunca olağan egzersizlerini tamamladılar ve EG'deki sporcular haftada üç kez plyometrik egzersiz programına (PE) katıldılar. Egzersiz öncesi ve sonrası ölçümler arasında HJ, VJ, sprint (10 ve 30 m) ve pro-çeviklik (PA) testi yer aldı. HJ, VJ ve 10 m sprint testlerinde anlamlı bir “zaman” etkisi (sırasıyla etki büyüklükleri 4,90, 4,68 ve 3,24) (p<0,001) ve anlamlı bir “grup” x “zaman” etkileşimi (sırasıyla etki büyüklükleri 0,83, 0,84 ve 0,74) (p<0,01) gözlemlendi. PA testinde ise anlamlı bir “zaman” etkisi (etki büyüklüğü; 1,42) (p<0,01) gözlemlenirken, “grup” x “zaman” etkileşimi gözlemlenmedi. Ayrıca, 30 m sprint testinde de anlamlı bir “zaman” etkisi veya anlamlı “grup” x “zaman” etkileşimi gözlemlenmedi. Dahası, HJ, VJ, sprint (10 m ve 30 m) ve PA testlerinde kontrol grubunda anlamlı bir iyileşme bulunmadı. Deney ve kontrol grupları arasında ön test veya son testte anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı (P>0,05). Standart tekvando programına eklenen sekiz haftalık plyometrik egzersiz, elit tekvando sporcularında yatay sıçrama, dikey sıçrama, kısa mesafe (10 m) sprint performansını ve çevikliği iyileştirmiş, ancak orta mesafe (30 m) sprint performansını artırmamıştır. Bu nedenle, antrenörler özellikle alt ekstremite güç çıkışını artırmayı hedefleyen sporcular için egzersiz programlarına plyometrik içerik entegre etmeyi düşünebilirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çeviklik
• sıçrama
• plyometrik egzersiz
• sprint
• taekwondo

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Etik Beyan

Deney yapılmadan önce tüm denekler çalışmanın riskleri hakkında bilgilendirildi ve bilgilendirilmiş onam verdi. Tüm işlemler, insan deneyleri için Helsinki Bildirgesi'ne ve geçerli yerel yönergelere ve düzenlemelere uygun olarak yürütüldü. Selçuk Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, İnvaziv Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu'ndan etik onay alındı ​​ve karar 2025/237 Selçuk Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü Etik Kurulu Kararları'nda belgelendi. Herhangi bir ekonomik teşvik sağlanmadı. Etik konular (intihal, bilgilendirilmiş onam, suistimal, veri uydurma ve/veya tahrifat, çift yayın ve/veya sunum, gereksizlik vb.) yazarlar tarafından tamamen gözetildi.

Teşekkür

Yazarlar, bu çalışmaya zaman ayırıp katkıda bulunan tüm tekvando sporcularına teşekkür etmek ister. Ayrıca, PE uygulaması boyunca yardımları için antrenörlere de teşekkür ederiz.

Effect of Plyometric Exercise on Agility, Sprint, and Jump Performance in Taekwondo Athletes

Öz

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of 8-week plyometric exercise (PE) on horizontal jumping (HJ) and vertical jumping (VJ), sprint, and agility performances in elite taekwondo athletes. Twenty elite taekwondo athletes were recruited and randomly assigned as two groups experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). EG; n = 5 men; 20.51±1.81 years and 5 women; 20.01±2.85 years and CG; n = 6 men; 19.89±2.21 years and 4 women; 20.85±1.75 years. Athletes completed their usual exercise for 8 weeks, and those in the EG added (PE) program three times a week. Pre and Post exercise measurements included HJ, VJ, sprint (10 and 30 m), and pro-agility (PA) test. Regarding HJ, VJ, and 10 m sprint there were a significant “time” effect (effect sizes, respectively, 4.90, 4.68, and 3.24) (p<0.001) and a significant “group” x “time” interaction (effect sizes, respectively, 0.83, 0.84, and 0.74) (p<0.01). Concerning the PA, there was a significant “time” effect (effect size; 1.42) (p<0.01) but no “group” x “time” interaction was observed. Also, no significant “time” effect or significant “group” x “time” interactions were observed for 30 m sprint. Furthermore, HJ, VJ, sprint (10 m and 30 m), and PA tests were not found significantly improved in CG. No differences were found between the experimental and control groups in either the pretest or posttest (P>0.05). Eight weeks of PE added to the standard taekwondo program improved HJ, VJ, short-distance (10 m) sprint performance, and agility in elite taekwondo athletes, but did not enhance middle-distance (30 m) sprint performance. Therefore, coaches may consider integrating plyometric content into their exercise programs, especially for athletes who aim to increase lower extremity power output.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Agility
• jumping
• plyometric
• sprint
• taekwondo

Destekleyen Kurum

No

Etik Beyan

Before conducting the experiment, all subjects were informed of the risks of the study and gave informed consent. All procedures were conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki for human experimentation and applicable local guidelines and regulations. Ethical approval was obtained from the Sport Science Faculty, Non-invasive Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Selcuk University Rectorate, Selcuk University, with the decision documented in the 2025/237 Selcuk University Rectorate Ethics Committee Decisions. No economic incentives were provided. Ethical issues (Including plagiarism, informed consent, misconduct, data fabrication and/or falsification, double publication and/or submission, redundancy, etc.) have been completely observed by the authors.

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank all taekwondo athletes in this study for their time and contribution. We want to thank the coaches for their help through the PE application.

Kaynakça

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