An overview of the professional conditions of the football referees in Turkey

Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1 2 Temmuz 2015
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An overview of the professional conditions of the football referees in Turkey

Öz

The aim and the question of this study is to present the variables and the processes of the football refereeing's professional conditions. Owing to the fact that there aren't any studies done before in the present literature relating to this matter, this study is summarized based on related instructions in Turkey, news from newspapers and examples from some countries in literature review section of this study. The method of the study is based on questionnaire technique. Due to the standardization in professional conditions and wages, questionnaire application is limited with Istanbul, and 55 male referees are found during the training in Istanbul Beylerbeyi Facilities. The subjects consist of the referees from 5 classifications and it is seen that the duration of experience increases form county refereeing to national refereeing. The referees are seen to conduct from 1 to 6 matches in a month. 44 of the subjects works in another job and insured through that job. This makes it obvious that the refereeing has not reached to the level of total professionalization. The fact that they remark 10.9% of the subjects are policemen, 12.7% of them are teacher, 14.5% of them are officer and 50.9% of them work in “other” lines of business and the rate of the ones who earn their livings only through refereeing corresponds to 3.6% validate the given situation. The fact that 50.9% of the subjects demand the refereeing to become a full-time profession testifies the request of the people who performs refereeing for professionalization. 50.9% of the subjects in total reported that Physical Aptitude Test causes stress. The fact that 36.3% of the subjects reported they do it as a hobby and 58% of them reported they do it both as a hobby and their own job exhibits the “semi-professional” appearance of football refereeing. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Bilgen G. Alman Hakemlik Konstanz/Almanya: Türkiye Faal Futbol Hakemleri ve Gözlemcileri Derneği Araştırma ve Çeviri Arşivi, 2004: 12-13.
  2. Bryson A, Buraimo B, Simmons R. Do salaries improve worker performance? Labour Economics 2011; 18: 424-433.
  3. Buraimo B, Forrest D, Simmons R. The 12th man? refereeing bias in English and German soccer. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 2010; A 173, Part 2, 431–449.
  4. Dawson P, Dobson S. The influence of social pressure and nationality on individual decisions: Evidence from the behaviour of referees. Journal of Economic Psychology 2010; 31: 181–191.
  5. Dohmen TJ. The influence of social forces: Evidence from the behaviour of football referees. Economic Inquiry 2008; 46(3):411–424.
  6. Downward P, Jones M. Effects of crowd size on referee decisions: Analysis of the FA Cup. Journal of Sports Sciences 2007; 25(14): 1541-1545.
  7. Erkal M, Güven Ö, Ayan D. Sosyolojik Açıdan Spor. Extended 3rd ed. İstanbul: Der Publications, 1998: 160
  8. Gürpınar B, Güven Ö. Futbol hakemlerinin karşılaştıkları sportmenlik dışı davranışların incelenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 2011; IX(1): 7-14.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

-

Bölüm

-

Yayımlanma Tarihi

2 Temmuz 2015

Gönderilme Tarihi

30 Nisan 2015

Kabul Tarihi

-

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2015 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Zelyurt, M., Sasmaz Atacocugu, M., & Yıldız, S. (2015). An overview of the professional conditions of the football referees in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 17(1), 35-42. https://doi.org/10.15314/tjse.09497
AMA
1.Zelyurt M, Sasmaz Atacocugu M, Yıldız S. An overview of the professional conditions of the football referees in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise. 2015;17(1):35-42. doi:10.15314/tjse.09497
Chicago
Zelyurt, Mert, Muazzez Sasmaz Atacocugu, ve Suat Yıldız. 2015. “An overview of the professional conditions of the football referees in Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 17 (1): 35-42. https://doi.org/10.15314/tjse.09497.
EndNote
Zelyurt M, Sasmaz Atacocugu M, Yıldız S (01 Ağustos 2015) An overview of the professional conditions of the football referees in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 17 1 35–42.
IEEE
[1]M. Zelyurt, M. Sasmaz Atacocugu, ve S. Yıldız, “An overview of the professional conditions of the football referees in Turkey”, Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, c. 17, sy 1, ss. 35–42, Ağu. 2015, doi: 10.15314/tjse.09497.
ISNAD
Zelyurt, Mert - Sasmaz Atacocugu, Muazzez - Yıldız, Suat. “An overview of the professional conditions of the football referees in Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 17/1 (01 Ağustos 2015): 35-42. https://doi.org/10.15314/tjse.09497.
JAMA
1.Zelyurt M, Sasmaz Atacocugu M, Yıldız S. An overview of the professional conditions of the football referees in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise. 2015;17:35–42.
MLA
Zelyurt, Mert, vd. “An overview of the professional conditions of the football referees in Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, c. 17, sy 1, Ağustos 2015, ss. 35-42, doi:10.15314/tjse.09497.
Vancouver
1.Mert Zelyurt, Muazzez Sasmaz Atacocugu, Suat Yıldız. An overview of the professional conditions of the football referees in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise. 01 Ağustos 2015;17(1):35-42. doi:10.15314/tjse.09497
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