Investigation of the Relationship Between Mental Training and Sports Injury Anxiety

Öz

The aim of the study was to determine the sport injury anxiety and mental training level of the athletes. The relationship between mental training and sport injury anxiety was also investigated. A total of 179 (78 males, 101 females) athletes, aged x̄= 20.57±1.80 years, licensed for at least 1 year in a team or individual sports branches, voluntarily participated. “The Sport Mental Training Questionnaire” adapted to Turkish by Yarayan and İlhan (31) and “The Sports Injury Anxiety Scale” adapted to Turkish by Caz et al. (8) were applied to the athletes. According to gender and branch variables, injury anxiety and mental training status were analyzed using t-test. Pearson's correlation analysis was used for the relationship between injury anxiety and mental training in sports. The study findings examination according to the gender variable in the sport injury anxiety scale showed a statistically significant difference found in favor of female athletes in the sub-dimensions “Loss of Social Support” (p=.024); “Being Perceived as Weak” (p=.045); “Experiencing Pain” (p=.012) and in the total scale point (p=.037). According to the branch variable, there is no statistically significant difference observed in the sub-dimensions of the injury anxiety scale and in the total scale (p>.05). According to the gender variable, a statistically significant difference in favor of women was observed in the self-talk sub-dimension of the sport mental training questionnaire (p = .048). However, it was concluded that mental training status did not make a statistically significant difference between athletes interested in team or individual sports branches. As a result, male athletes have higher injury anxiety levels than female. Self-talk is more commonly practiced by female athletes during mental training. There is no relationship between mental training and sports injury anxiety.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mental Training
• Injury
• Anxiety
• Athletes

Kaynakça

1. 1. Akandere M, Aktaş S, Er Y. Zihinsel antrenman ve spor. Türkiye Barolar Birliği, 2018; 60-74.
2. 2. Aksoy D. Spor yaralanmalarinda tedavi sonrasi durumluk ve sürekli kaygi düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2019; 21(2), 89-96.
3. 3. Andersen MB, Williams JMA. Model of stress and athletic injury: Prediction and prevention. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1988; 10, 294–306.
4. 4. Arvinen-Barrow M, Hemmings B, Weigand D, Becker C, Booth L. Views of chartered physiotherapists on the psychological content of their practice: a follow-up survey in the UK. Journal Of Sport Rehabilitation, 2007; 16(2), 111-121.
5. 5. Behnke M, Tomczak M, Kaczmarek LD, Komar M, Gracz J. The sport mental training questionnaire: development and validation. Current Psychology, 2017, 38(2), 504-516.
6. 6. Brewer BW, Redmond C. Psychology of sport injury. Champaign, Il: Human Kinetics; 2016.
7. 7. Budak H, Sanioğlu A, Keretli Ö, Durak A, Barış ÖZ. Spor yaralanmasının kaygı üzerindeki etkileri. Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2020; 4(1), 38-47.
8. 8. Caz Ç, Kayhan RF. Bardakçı S. Spor yaralanması kaygı ölçeği'nin Türkçeye uyarlanması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 2019; 54(1): 52-63.

9. 9. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd Ed. Hillsdale, Nj: Lawrence Erlbaum. 1988.
10. 10. Çelik OB, Güngör NB. The effects of the mental training skills on the prediction of the sports sciences faculty students' anxiety levels. International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture, 2020; 9, 888-929.
11. 11. Ciftci MC, Tolukan E, Yılmaz B. Sporcuların zihinsel antrenman becerileri ile sürekli sportif öz güven düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2020; 26(1), 151-162.
12. 12. Öner Ç. Cankurtaran, Z. Elit okçuların zihinsel beceri ve tekniklerinin atış performanslarını belirleyici rolü. Uluslararası Egzersiz Psikolojisi Dergisi, 2020; 2(1), 1-9.
13. 13. Dosil J. Applied Sport Psychology: A New Perspective. In The Sport Psychologist's Handbook: A Guide For Sport-Specific Performance Enhancement. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley, 2006; Chapter 12, 265-285
14. 14. Erdoğan BS, Gülşen DBA. Spor bilimleri fakültesinde öğrenim gören sporcuların zihinsel antrenman düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2020; 3(1), 219-228.
15. 15. Ford JL, Ildefonso K, Jones ML, Arvinen-Barrow M. Sport-related anxiety: Current insights. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 2017; 8, 205.
16. 16. Fortes LDS, Lira HAADS, Lima RCRD, Almeida SS, Ferreira MEC. mental training generates positive effect on competitive anxiety of young swimmers?. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 2016; 18(3), 353-361.
17. 17. Ekin H, Bülbül R. Badminton oyuncularının spor yaralanması kaygı düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Ulusal Kinesyoloji Dergisi, 2020; 1(1), 1-10.
18. 18. Hardy L, Roberts R, Thomas PR, Murphy SM. Test of performance strategies (tops): Instrument refinement using confirmatory factor analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2010; 11, 27–35
19. 19. Houston MN, Cross KM, Saliba SA, Hertel J. Injury-related fear in acutely injured interscholastic and intercollegiate athletes. Athletic Training and Sports Health Care, 2013; 6(1), 15-23.
20. 20. Karasar N. Bilimsel Araştirma Yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.2013
21. 21. Karayol M, Eroğlu SY. Takım ve bireysel sporlarla ilgilenen sporcuların spor yaralanması kaygı durumlarının incelenmesi. Spor Eğitim Dergisi, 2020; 4(1), 137-144.
22. 22. Reese LMS, Pittsinger R, Yang J. Effectiveness of psychological intervention following sport injury. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2012; 1(2), 71-79.
23. 23. Rex CC, Metzler JN. Development of the sport injury anxiety scale. Measurement In Physıcal Educatıon and Exercıse Scıence, 2016; Vol. 20, No. 3, 146–158.
24. 24. Singh H, Conroy DE. Systematic review of stress-related injury vulnerability in athletic and occupational contexts. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2017; 33, 37-44.
25. 25. Tanyeri L. Farklı branş sporcularında yaralanma kaygısının incelenmesi. Opus Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2019; 13(19), 577-591.
26. 26. Turgut M, Yasar OM. Mental training of college student elite athletes. Journal of Education and Learning, 2020; 9(1), 51-59.
27. 27. Uğurlu A. The level of sports career predicts mental training levels of student athletes. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 2020; 9(6), 252-255.
28. 28. Ünver Ş, Şimşek E, İslamoğlu İ, Arslan H. Üniversite takimlarinda yer alan sporcularin yaralanma kaygi düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2020; 14(3), 400-410.
29. 29. Vealey RS. Mental Skills Training In Sport. In: Editors (Eds.) Handbook of Sport Psychology, Third Edition, Pp 2007: 285-309.
30. 30. Whittaker JL, Roos EM. A pragmatic approach to prevent post-traumatic osteoarthritis after sport or exercise-related joint injury. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology, 2019; 33, 159-171
31. 31. Yarayan YE, İlhan EL. Sporda zihinsel antrenman envanteri’nin (SZAE) uyarlama çalışması. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2018; 23(4), 205-218.
32. 32. Williams JM, Andersen MB. Psychosocial antecedents of sport injury: review and critique of the stress and injury model. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 1998; 10(1), 5e25. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/10413209808406375.