Examination of Doping Usage Opinions of Bodybuilding Athletes in the Context of Sports Ethics

Öz

The aim of this research is to examine the thoughts of bodybuilding athletes on the use of doping from the perspective of sports ethics. Interview method, one of the qualitative research patterns, was used in the research. The research group consisted of 14 elite bodybuilding athletes who participated in international competitions in the bodybuilding branch. In the study, the data were obtained through one-on-one interviews with bodybuilding athletes who volunteered to participate in the research in February 2018 and evaluated by the content analysis method. According to the survey, bodybuilding athletes of Turkey's Youth and Sports Ministry in doping "zero tolerance" policy for their use depending on the doping of athletes of other countries in views on the competitive environment in the contest; Unfair competition, no one who does not use abroad, seeing this branch as a doping sport, getting rid of the backstage, power war of the states, health is more important than success; In their views on the relationship between the diplomatic power of the countries and the use of doping in international competitions, backstage power is important in success, making money negotiations, “Turkish athletes' work is very hard” themes; In his views on the use of doping with the thought that every way should be tried to win at all costs, health is more important than anything, the themes of reaching the desired performance with patience, the truth of this sport, contrary to sports ethics, everything is necessary for victory; knowing that they were not able to detect that they used doping through wipers before an important international competition, felt the necessity to take risks in their country and their own reputation for one-time use of doping; the themes of the athletes they know and observe in their country and other foreign countries using doping, with themes such as a wide variety of health problems and negativity should not be connected to doping in their lives about their physiological and physical changes; It is determined that the athletes they know and observe by using doping bodybuilding in our country and other foreign countries express a wide variety of psychological problems and addiction themes in their opinions about their psychological changes in their lives after the end of the competition life.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doping
• sports ethics
• bodybuilding athletes

Kaynakça

1. 1. Akgün N. Egzersiz fizyolojisi. Ankara:Gökçe Ofset Matbaacılık, 1989.
2. 2. Araman A. Dünyada dopingle mücadele eden kuruluşlar ve dopingin tarihçesi. 7.Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Kongresi Kongre Kitabı, Spor Bilimleri Derneği, Kemer, Antalya,s. 349-350, 2002.
3. 3. Barkoukis V, Lazuras L, Tsorbatzoudis H, Beliefsaboutthecauses of success in sportsandsusceptibilityfordopinguse in adolescentathletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2014; 32(3), 212-219.
4. 4. Baysaling Ö. Sporda her yönüyle doping. İstanbul: Pres Basım ve Yayın,2000.
5. 5. Beltz SD, Doering PL. Efficacy of nutritionalsupplementsusedbyathletes. ClinicalPharmacy, 1993; 12 (12), 900-908.
6. 6. Berglund B, Hemmingsson P, Birgegard G. Detection of autologousbloodtransfusions in cross-countryskiers. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 1987; 8(2), 66-70.
7. 7. MY. Measurement of malebodybuildingathletes, whousedoping, theirburnoutsituationaftercompetation. İÜ Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2016; 6 (3), 29-37.
8. 8. Bloodworth A,McNamee M. Cleanolympians? Doping and anti-doping: Theviews of talentedyoung British athletes. International Journal of DrugPolicy, 2010; 21, 276-282.

9. 9. Dallı M, Işıkdemir E, Bingöl E. Determination of dopingknowledgelevel of physicaleducationandsportscollegestudents. International Journal of ScienceCultureandSport, 2014; 2 (6), 11-20.
10. 10. Deligiannis AP, Kouidi EI. Cardiovascularadverseeffects of doping in sports. HellenicJournal ofCardiology, 2012; 53(6), 447-457.
11. 11. Dinçer N. Elit sporcuların doping hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya,2010.
12. 12. Erdemli A. Spor felsefesi. İstanbul: Özener Matbaası E Yayınları, 2002.
13. 13. Eröz MF. Milli düzeyde, atletizm, güreş, judo ve halter yapan sporcuların doping ve ergojenik yardım hakkındaki görüşlerinin ve bilgi düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kütahya,2007.
14. 14. Gençtürk G, Çolakoğlu T, Demirel M. A Researchfordeterminetheintelligencelevel of nationalsportsmanfordoping (WrestlingSample). Niğde UniversityJournal of PhysicalEducationandSportSciences, 2009; 3(3), 213-221.
15. 15. Günay M, Cicioğlu İ.Spor fizyolojisi. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi,2001.
16. 16. Kuçuradi İ. Etik. Ankara: Türkiye Felsefe Kurumu Yayını,1996.
17. 17. KurtipekS, Çelik OB, Yılmaz B, Yenel İF.Determination of thethoughts of nationalteamathletes on theconcept of doping: A study of metaphoranalysis. Niğde UniversityJournal of PhysicalEducationandSportSciences, 2016; 10(2), 318-327.
18. 18. Laure P, Thouvenin F, Lecerf T.Attitudes of coachestowarddoping. TheJournal of Sports MedicineandPhysicalFitness, 2001; 41(1), 132-136.
19. 19. Melzer M, Elbe AM, Brand R. Moral andethicaldecision-making: A chancefor doping prevention in sports?.NordicJournal of AppliedEthics, 2010; 4 (1), 69-85.
20. 20. Önen ME. Sporda doping. İstanbul: Akademi Basım ve Yayıncılık,2014.
21. 21. Punch KF. Sosyal araştırmalara giriş. (Çev. D Bayrak, HB Arslan ve Z Akyüz), Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi, 2005.
22. 22. Simson V, Andrew J. Olimpiyatlar, sahtekârlık ve mafya, güç, para ve doping. (Çev. M Harmancı), İstanbul: Milliyet Yayınları,1994.
23. 23. Sobal J, Marquart LF. Vitamine/mineral supplementuseamonghighschoolathletes. Adolescence, 1994; 29 (116), 835-843.
24. 24. Solberg HA, Hanstad DV, Thoring TA. Doping in elite sport-do thefanscare? Publicopinion on theconsequences of dopingscandals. International Journal of Sports Marketing andSponsorship, 2010;11 (3), 185-199.
25. 25. Şapçı HA. Üniversiteler arası spor müsabakalarına katılan öğrencilerin doping kullanımına yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara,2010.
26. 26. Şenel Ö, Güler D, Kaya İ, Ersoy A, Kürkçü R.Farklı ferdi branşlardaki üst düzey Türk sporcuların ergojenik yardımcılara yönelik bilgi ve yararlanma düzeyleri. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2004; 2(2), 41-47.
27. 27. Tarakçıoğlu S. Spor etiği bağlamında gen dopingi. Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir,2012. 28. Tavşancıl E, Aslan E. İçerik analizi ve uygulama örnekleri. İstanbul: Epsilon Yayıncılık,2001.
28. 29. Turkcapar U, Koc M,Koc M.Analyzingtheattitudes of elite wrestlersrelatedtotheuse of doping. TurkishJournal of SportandExercise, 2014; 16(1), 128-134. 30. Turkcephe G, Kumartasli M, Mamak H. A research on informationlevels of weightliftersparticipated in Turkeyyouthchampionshipaboutdopingand on their doping utilizationfrequency. International Journal of AcademicResearch, 2013; 5 (6), 17-22.
29. 31. Wanjek B, Rosendahl J, Strauss B, Gabriel HH. Doping, drugsanddrugabuseamongadolescents in thestate of thuringia (Germany): prevalence, knowledgeandattitudes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2007; 28(4), 346-353.
30. 32. Williams MH.Ergogenicandergolyticsubstances. MedicineandScience in Sports andExercise, 1992; 24 (9), 344-348.
31. 33. Yalnız İ, Gündüz N. Ankara ilinde vücut geliştirme branşında faaliyet gösteren sporcuların ergojenik yardımcılar konusunda bilgi ve uygulama düzeyleri. Gazi Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2004;9 (2), 21-23.
32. 34. Yarasheski KE, Campbell JA, Smith K, Rennie MJ, Holloszy JO andBier DM, 1992. Effect of growthhormoneandresistanceexercise on musclegrowth in young men. AmericanJournal of Physiology-EndocrinologyAndMetabolism, 262, 3: 261-267.
33. 35. Yıldırım Ş. Doping ve ergogenik yardımlar ile doping kullanmanın sıklığı hakkında bilgi ağırlık düzeylerinin araştırılması. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sivas,2008.
34. 36. Yıldırım A, Şimşek H. Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2006.
35. 37. Yıldız A. Cumhuriyet üniversitesi beden eğitimi ve spor yüksekokulu ve Sivas ili amatör liglerinde değişik branşlardaki sporcuların doping kullanım oranlarının araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sivas,2006.
36. 38. Yıldız M, Pala A, Biner M, Göral Ş. Bireysel ve takım sporları ile ilgilenen sporcuların doping hakkındaki görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası Hakemli Ortopedi Travmatoloji ve Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 2016; 6, 1-12.