Evaluation Of Participation In Recreational Exercise With Basic Psychological Needs And Happiness Parameters During The COVID-19 Pandemic Process

Öz

This cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the basic psychological needs of individuals participating in recreational exercises during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and to evaluate their level of happiness. A total of 182 adults (26 ± 6.13 years; 50.5% male, 49.5 female) and individuals who attended private gyms during the pandemic process participated in the study. The demographic information form created by the researchers in the study, "Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale" (Vlachopoulos and Mchailidou, 2006; Vlachopoulos et al., 2013) and "Oxford Happiness Scale-Short Form" (Hills and Argyle, 2002; Doğan and Çötok, 2011) were used. As a result of the study, while there was no difference in the basic psychological needs scale (BPNES) and its sub-dimensions in exercise according to gender, a significant difference was found in favor of male participants (t = -4.344; p <0.01) in the happiness scale. When evaluated according to age, no significant difference was observed in the happiness scale, while a significant difference was found in the sufficiency and autonomy sub-dimensions of the BPNES sub-dimensions in favor of 33 years and over compared to age 21 and below. As a result of this study, it has been revealed that autonomy and competence are the primary needs that motivate individuals to exercise during the pandemic period. It has been confirmed that especially adult groups attach greater importance to these needs. The importance of internal regulators in dealing with obstacles in the period when pandemic can be seen as an obstacle to participation in recreational exercise has been demonstrated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pandemic
• Sport
• Recreational exercise

Kaynakça

1. Allport, G. W., Vernon, P. E. ve Lindzey, G. (1960). Study of values. Oxford, England: Houghton Mifflin
2. Aslan, R. (2020). Tarihten Günümüze Epidemiler, Pandemiler ve Covid-19. Ayrıntı Dergisi, 8(85).
3. Campbell, J. P. , & Turner, J. E. (2018). Debunking the myth of exercise-induced immune suppression: Redefining the impact of exercise on immunological health across the lifespan. Frontiers in Immunology , 9 , 648. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00648
4. Chen P, Mao L, Nassis GP, Harmer P, Ainsworth BE, Li F. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): The need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions. J Sport Health Sci. 2020; 9 (2): 103-4.
5. Dilmaç, B., Ertekin, E. ve Yazıcı, E. (2009). Değer Tercihleri ile Öğrenme Stilleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Değerler Eğitimi Dergisi, 7(17), 27-47.
6. Engeseth K, Prestgaard EE, Mariampillai JE, et al. Physical fitness is a modifiable predictor of early cardiovascular death: A 35-year follow-up study of 2014 healthy middle-aged men. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25: 1655–1663. Gillet, N., Berjot, S., Vallerand, R. J., Amoura, S. (2012). The role of autonomy support and motivation in the prediction of interest and dropout intentions in sport and education settings. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 34(3), 278-286.
7. Hammami, A., Harrabi, B., Mohr, M., & Krustrup, P. (2020). Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1-6.
8. TUIK, (2020). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Yasam-Memnuniyeti-Arastirmasi-2020-37209

9. Lim, M. A. (2020). Exercise addiction and COVID-19-associated restrictions. Journal of Mental Health.
10. Lim, M. A. , & Pranata, R. (2020). Sports activities during any pandemic lockdown. Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971) . https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02300-9
11. Lima, Y., Denerel, N., Öz, N. D., & Senisik, S. (2021). The psychological impact of COVID-19 infection on athletes: example of professional male football players, Science and Medicine in Football, DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2021.1933156
12. Lippi, G., Henry, B. M., & Sanchis-Gomar, F. (2020). Physical inactivity and cardiovascular disease at the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 27(9), 906-908.
13. Narici, M., De Vito, G., Franchi, M., Paoli, A., Moro, T., Marcolin, G., ... & Maganaris, C. (2020). Impact of sedentarism due to the COVID-19 home confinement on neuromuscular, cardiovascular and metabolic health: Physiological and pathophysiological implications and recommendations for physical and nutritional countermeasures. European journal of sport science, 1-22.
14. Rahmati-Ahmadabad S, Hosseini F. Exercise against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): Does workout intensity matter? (A mini review of some indirect evidence related to obesity). Obes Med. 2020; 100245. DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100245
15. Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary educational psychology, 25(1), 54-67.
16. Tiberi M and Piepoli MF.(2019). Regular physical activity only associated with low sedentary time increases survival in post myocardial infarction patient. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 26: 94–96.
17. World Health Organization. Physical activity, https:// www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activ ity (2018, accessed 2021).
18. Wu Z and McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) outbreak in China: Summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. Epub ahead of print 24 February 2020. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.2648.
19. Yeşilyaprak, B. (2002). Gelişim ve Öğrenme Psikolojisi,1. Baskı, Pegem A yayımcılık, s.199-200, Ankara.
20. Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Huang, B., Shi, W., Lu, R., Niu, P., Zhan, F., Ma, X., Wang, D., Xu, W., Wu, G., Gao, G. F., & Tan, W. (2020). A novel coronavirus from patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(8), 727–733. Https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2001017
21. Zülkadiroğlu, Z , Budak, D , Kozanoğlu, E . (2007). Yetkinlik Beklentisinin Spor Ve Fiziksel Aktivitedeki Önemi . Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi , 5 (1) , 9-15 . DOI: 10.1501/Sporm_0000000125