Effect of acute detraining following two types of resistance training on strength performance and body composition in trained athletes

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 22 - 26, 13.02.2014

Vahid Tadıbı Uones Bakhtıary Dariush Vatanı Masoumeh Azizi

Öz

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term detraining after two different protocols of resistance training on maximal strength and body composition in trained men. Participants were 30 male student athletes who were divided into two experimental groups. Group (I) performed resistance training with a low intensity and high volume (LIHV) and group (II) low volume and high intensity (HILV) for six weeks and then experienced 2 weeks detraining. Subjects were evaluated three phases in pretest, posttest, and end of the detraining period. Results demonstrated that after six weeks of resistance training enhanced significantly maximal strength while Body Mass Index (BMI) and percent of body significantly decreased in both groups. However, after two weeks of detraining, maximal strength significantly decreased in all of movements but BMI and percent of body significantly increased in both groups. Nevertheless, maximal strength in all of movements remained significantly higher than pre-exercise levels in both groups. BMI had no meaningful differences with pre-exercise values in both groups, and percent of body fat remained significantly lower than pre-exercise values, only in group (I). However significant differences were not seen between two groups after training and detraining periods but based on data it could be suggested that detraining related strength losses develop less followed HILV protocol.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Resistance training, modality of training, body composition, detraining

Kaynakça

• Bompa TO, Haff GG. Theory and Methodology of Training. 5
• th ed, Human kinetics Press, 2009. 2. Fatouros I, Kambas A, Katrabasas I, Nikolaidis
• K, Chatzinikolaou A, Leontsini D, Taxildaris K. Strength training
• and detraining effects on muscular strength, anaerobic
• power, and mobility of inactive older men are intensity
• dependent. Br J Sports Med 2005; 39:776–780.
• Fatouros IG, Taxildaris K, Tokmakidis SP, Kalapotharakos V, Aggelousis N, Athanasopoulos S, Zeeris I, Katrabasas I. The effects of strength training, cardiovascular training and their combination on flexibility of inactive older adults. Int J Sports Med, 23: 112–19.
• Fiatarone MA, Fiatarone MA, Marks EC, Ryan ND, Meredith CN, Lipsitz LA, Evans WJ. High-intensity strength training in nonagenarians: Effects on skeletal muscle. JAMA; 263:3029– 34.
• Garrido N, Marinho DA, Reis VM, Tillaar R, Costa AM, Silva AJ, Marques MC. Does concurrent dry land strength and aerobic training inhibit strength and swimming performance in young competitive swimmers? J Sports Sci Med, 2010; 9: 300-310.
• Hakkinen K, Alen M, Kallinen M, Newton RU, Kraemer WJ. Neuromuscular adaptation during prolonged strength training, detraining, and re-strength-training in middleaged and elderly people. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2000; 83: 51–62.
• Hakkinen K, Alen M, Kraemer WJ, Gorostiaga E, Izquierdo M, Rusko H, Mikkola J, Hakkinen A, Valkeinen H, Kaarakainen E. Romu S, Erola V, Ahtiainen J, Paavolainen L. Neuromuscular adaptations during concurrent strength and endurance training versus strength training. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2003; 89(1): 42-52.
• Hakkinen K. Neuromuscular adaptation during strength training, aging, detraining, and immobilization. Crit Rev Phys Rehabil Med, 1994; 6: 161–98.
• Ivey FM, Tracy BL, Lemmer JT, NessAiver M, Metter EJ, Fozard JL, Hurley BF. Effects of strength training and detraining on muscle quality: age and gender comparisons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2000; 55: B152–7.
• Lemmer JT, Hurlbut DE, Martel GF. Age and gender responses to strength training and detraining. Med Sci Sport Exer, 2000; 32: 1505-12.
• Lovell DI, Cuneo R, Gass GC. The effect of strength training and short-term detraining on maximum force and the rate of force development of older men. European Journal of Appl. Physiology, 2010; 109: 429-435.
• Miszko TA, Cress ME, Slade JM, Covey CJ, Agrawal SK, Doerr CE. Effect of strength and power training on physical function in community-dwelling adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2003; 58: 171–5.
• Mujika I, Padilla S. Detraining: loss of training-induced physiological and performance adaptations. Part I. Short-term insufficient training stimulus. Sports Med, 2000; 30: 79–87.
• Mujika IN, Padilla. Muscular characteristics of detraining in humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2001; 33(8): 1297-1304.
• Muller EA. Influence of training and of inactivity on muscle strength. Arch Phys Rehab, 1970; 51: 449-462.
• Pruitt LA, Taaffe DR, Marcus R. Effects of a one-year high- intensity versus low intensity resistance training program on bone mineral density in older women. J Bone Miner Res, 1995; 10: 1788–95.
• Quinn E. Deconditioning/Detraining, How fast do I Lose fitness if I stop exercising? www.about.com/Health and Fitness/Sport Medicine/Exercise Basic.htm.2005.
• Shaver LG. Cross transfer effects of conditioning and deconditioning on muscular strength. Ergonomics. 1975; 18: 9-16.
• Slade JM, Miszko TM, Laity JH, Agrawal SK, Cress ME. Anaerobic power and physical function in strength-trained and non-strength-trained older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci; 2002; 57: M168–72.
• Trappe S, Williamson D, Godard M. Maintenance of whole muscle strength and size following resistance training in older men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2002; 57: B138–43.
• Wilmore J, Costill D. Physiological adaptations to physical training. In Training for sport and activity, Chapter 11. 1999.