Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 374 - 383, 31.12.2020

Öz

Kaynakça

  • AKFERT, S. K.; CAKICI, E. & CAKICI, M. (2009). Cigarette and alcohol use among university students and its relationship with family problems. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 10(1): 40–47.
  • BAYAR, N. (1999). The Relationship of risk taking behaviour and impulsivity, family structure and some demographic variables in adolescents. Unpublished master's thesis. Ankara, Turkey: Hacettepe University.
  • BARNETT, L. A., & KLITZING, S. W. (2006). Boredom in free time: Relationships with personality, affect, and motivation for different gender, racial and ethnic student groups. Leisure Sciences, 28(3): 223–244. doi: 10.1080/01490400600598053
  • BARNETT, M. N. (2011). Empire of humanity: A history of humanitarianism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. (pp. 109–111).
  • BEAL, A. C.; AUSIELLO, J. & PERRIN, J. M. (2001). Social influences on health-risk behaviors among minority middle school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 28(6): 474–480. doi: 10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00194-X
  • BIRCAN, S., & ERDEN, G. (2011). Substance abuse: The family related risk factors, perceived parental acceptance-rejection and parenting styles. Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 18(3): 211–222.
  • BJARNADOTTIR, R. (2004). Modern adolescents’ leisure activities: A new field for education? Young, 12(4): 299–315. doi: 10.1177/1103308804046715
  • BOTVIN, G. J. & GRIFFIN, K. (2004). Life skills training: Empirical findings and future directions. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 25(2): 211–232. doi:10.1023/b:jopp.0000042391.58573.5b
  • BRIGHTBILL, C. (1960). The challenge of leisure. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice-Hall.
  • CALDWELL, L. L. & SMITH, E. (2006). Leisure as a context for youth development and delinquency prevention. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 39(3): 398–418.
  • CLAWSON, M. & KNETSCH, J. L. (1966). Economics of outdoor recreation. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press.
  • CSIKSZENTMIHALYI, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper Perennial.
  • CSIKSZENTMİHALYI M. & HUNTER J. (2003). Happiness in everyday life: The uses of experience sampling. Journal of Happiness Studies, 4(2): 185–199. doi:10.1023/a:1024409732742
  • DANSECO, E. R. & MARQUES, P. R. (2002). Development and validation of a POSIT-Short Form: Screening for problem behaviors among adolescents at risk for substance use. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 11(3): 17-36. doi: 10.1300/J029v11n03_02
  • DEPP, C. A. & JESTE, D.V. (2006). Definitions and predictors of successful aging: A comprehensive Review of larger quantitative studies. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14(1): 6–20. doi: 10.1097/01.jgp.0000192501.03069.bc
  • EKSI, A. (2003). Review of youth problems in the world. Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 10(2): 78–87.
  • ERDEM, G.; EKE, C. Y.; OGEL, K. & TANER, S. (2006). Peer characteristics and substance use among high school students. Journal of Dependence, 7(3): 111–116.
  • ERTUZUN, E.; KOCAK UYAROGLU, A.; DEMIREL, B. & KOCAK, E. (2016). A qualitative study on the role of leisure time activities in the substance addiction process. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 27(2): 49-58.
  • FAHLMAN, S.A.; MERCER-LYNN, K.B.; FLORA, D.B. & EASTWOOD, J.D. (2013). Development and validation of the multidimensional state boredom scale. Assessment, 20(1): 68–85. doi: 10.1177/1073191111421303
  • FEDOROV, A. V. (2005). School students and computer games with screen violence. Russian Education & Society, 47(11): 88–96. doi: 10.1080/10609393.2005.11056932
  • FLETCHER, A.; BONELL, C. & HARGREAVES, J. (2008). School effects on young people’s drug use: A systematic review of intervention and observational studies. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42(3): 209–220. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.09.020
  • FISHER, C. D. (1993). Boredom at work: A neglected concept. Human Relations, 46(3): 395–417. doi: 10.1177/001872679304600305
  • GAU, S. S.; CHONG, M. Y.; YANG, P.; YEN, C. F.; LIANG, K. Y. & CHENG, A. T. (2007). Psychiatric and psychosocial predictors of substance use disorders among adolescents. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(1): 42–48. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.022871
  • GOKGOZ, S. & KOCOGLU, G. (2007). Cigarette and alcohol consumption behaviour in adolescence. Journal of Fırat Health Services, 12(3): 214–218.
  • GOLDSTEIN, A. L.; WALL, A. M.; WEKERLE, C. & KRANK, M. (2013). The impact of perceived reinforcement from alcohol and involvement in leisure activities on adolescent alcohol use. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 22(4): 340-363. doi: 10.1080/1067828X.2012.735190
  • GREENWOOD, B. N. & FLESHNER, M. (2011). Exercise, stress resistance, and central serotonergic systems. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 39(3): 140-149. doi: 10.1097/jes.0b013e31821f7e45
  • GULLONE, E.; MOORE, S.; MOSS, S. & BOYD, C. (2000). The adolescent risk-taking questionnaire development and psychometric evaluation. Journal of Adolescent Research, 15(2): 231–250. doi: 10.1177/0743558400152003
  • HALL, J. A.; RICHARDSON, B.; SPEARS, J. & REMBERT, J. K. (1999). Validation of the POSIT: comparing drug using and abstaining youth. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 8(2): 29-61.
  • HAMILTON, J. (1981). Attention, personality, and self-regulation of mood: Absorbing attention and boredom. Progress in Experimental Personality Research, 10: 281–315.
  • HILLS, P. & ARGYLE, M. (1998). Positive moods derived from leisure and their relationship to happiness and personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(3): 523–535. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00082-8
  • ISO-AHOLA, S. E. & WEISSINGER, E. (1987). Leisure and boredom. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 5(3): 356–364.
  • ISO-AHOLA, S. E. & CROWLEY, E. D. (1991). Adolescent substance abuse and leisure boredom. Journal of Leisure Research, 23(3): 260–271.
  • ISO-AHOLA, S. E. & WEISSINGER, E. (1990). Perceptions of boredom in leisure: Conceptualization, reliability and validity of the leisure boredom scale. Journal of Leisure Research, 22(1): 1–17.
  • KARA, F. M.; GÜRBÜZ, B. & ÖNCÜ, E. (2014). Leisure boredom scale: The factor structure and the demographic differences. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 16(2): 28–35. doi: 10.15314/tjse.201428102
  • KIRAN-ESEN, B. (2002). Investigation of risk-taking behaviour, smoking and achievement of students of various levels of peer pressure. Unpublished doctoral dissertation or master's thesis. Gazi University, Ankara.
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  • LIEBREGTS, N.; VAN DER POL, P.; VAN LAAR, M.; DE GRAAF, R.; VAN DEN BRINK, W. & KORF, D. J. (2015). The role of leisure and delinquency in frequent cannabis use and dependence trajectories among young adults. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26(2): 143–152. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.07.014
  • LLOYD, H. M.; TAFOYA, A. E. & MERRITT, R. K. (2015). Underage drinking and antisocial behavior: Research to inform a UK behavioral intervention. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 24(1): 46-53. doi: 10.1080/1067828X.2012.756443
  • MA, S. M.; TAN, Y. & MA, S. C. (2012). Testing a structural model of psychological well-being, leisure negotiation, and leisure participation with Taiwanese college students. Leisure Sciences, 34(1): 55–71. doi: 10.1080/01490400.2012.633855
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Relationship Between Adolescents’ Leisure Boredom and Substance Use in Turkey

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 374 - 383, 31.12.2020

Öz

This study aimed to determine the relationship between adolescents’ leisure boredom, substance use, and participation in recreational sports in a high-risk substance use region of Turkey. To determine high-school adolescents’ socio-demographic characteristics, data collection relied on an adolescent self-report data form and ‘substance’ and ‘boredom’ subscales of the Adolescent Risk-Taking Scale and Leisure Boredom Scale, respectively (n = 235, all males, Mage = 15.75 years, SD = 1.19). While there was a positive correlation (r = 0.43) between leisure boredom and substance use, a small significant negative relationship was observed between leisure boredom and participation in recreational sports (r = - 0.27) and between substance use and participation in recreational sports (r = -0.16). However, as research has shown that recreational sport activities may play an effective role in preventing leisure boredom, the results of the present study suggest that sports may play role in preventing substance use as well.

Kaynakça

  • AKFERT, S. K.; CAKICI, E. & CAKICI, M. (2009). Cigarette and alcohol use among university students and its relationship with family problems. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 10(1): 40–47.
  • BAYAR, N. (1999). The Relationship of risk taking behaviour and impulsivity, family structure and some demographic variables in adolescents. Unpublished master's thesis. Ankara, Turkey: Hacettepe University.
  • BARNETT, L. A., & KLITZING, S. W. (2006). Boredom in free time: Relationships with personality, affect, and motivation for different gender, racial and ethnic student groups. Leisure Sciences, 28(3): 223–244. doi: 10.1080/01490400600598053
  • BARNETT, M. N. (2011). Empire of humanity: A history of humanitarianism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. (pp. 109–111).
  • BEAL, A. C.; AUSIELLO, J. & PERRIN, J. M. (2001). Social influences on health-risk behaviors among minority middle school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 28(6): 474–480. doi: 10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00194-X
  • BIRCAN, S., & ERDEN, G. (2011). Substance abuse: The family related risk factors, perceived parental acceptance-rejection and parenting styles. Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 18(3): 211–222.
  • BJARNADOTTIR, R. (2004). Modern adolescents’ leisure activities: A new field for education? Young, 12(4): 299–315. doi: 10.1177/1103308804046715
  • BOTVIN, G. J. & GRIFFIN, K. (2004). Life skills training: Empirical findings and future directions. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 25(2): 211–232. doi:10.1023/b:jopp.0000042391.58573.5b
  • BRIGHTBILL, C. (1960). The challenge of leisure. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice-Hall.
  • CALDWELL, L. L. & SMITH, E. (2006). Leisure as a context for youth development and delinquency prevention. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 39(3): 398–418.
  • CLAWSON, M. & KNETSCH, J. L. (1966). Economics of outdoor recreation. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press.
  • CSIKSZENTMIHALYI, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper Perennial.
  • CSIKSZENTMİHALYI M. & HUNTER J. (2003). Happiness in everyday life: The uses of experience sampling. Journal of Happiness Studies, 4(2): 185–199. doi:10.1023/a:1024409732742
  • DANSECO, E. R. & MARQUES, P. R. (2002). Development and validation of a POSIT-Short Form: Screening for problem behaviors among adolescents at risk for substance use. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 11(3): 17-36. doi: 10.1300/J029v11n03_02
  • DEPP, C. A. & JESTE, D.V. (2006). Definitions and predictors of successful aging: A comprehensive Review of larger quantitative studies. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14(1): 6–20. doi: 10.1097/01.jgp.0000192501.03069.bc
  • EKSI, A. (2003). Review of youth problems in the world. Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 10(2): 78–87.
  • ERDEM, G.; EKE, C. Y.; OGEL, K. & TANER, S. (2006). Peer characteristics and substance use among high school students. Journal of Dependence, 7(3): 111–116.
  • ERTUZUN, E.; KOCAK UYAROGLU, A.; DEMIREL, B. & KOCAK, E. (2016). A qualitative study on the role of leisure time activities in the substance addiction process. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 27(2): 49-58.
  • FAHLMAN, S.A.; MERCER-LYNN, K.B.; FLORA, D.B. & EASTWOOD, J.D. (2013). Development and validation of the multidimensional state boredom scale. Assessment, 20(1): 68–85. doi: 10.1177/1073191111421303
  • FEDOROV, A. V. (2005). School students and computer games with screen violence. Russian Education & Society, 47(11): 88–96. doi: 10.1080/10609393.2005.11056932
  • FLETCHER, A.; BONELL, C. & HARGREAVES, J. (2008). School effects on young people’s drug use: A systematic review of intervention and observational studies. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42(3): 209–220. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.09.020
  • FISHER, C. D. (1993). Boredom at work: A neglected concept. Human Relations, 46(3): 395–417. doi: 10.1177/001872679304600305
  • GAU, S. S.; CHONG, M. Y.; YANG, P.; YEN, C. F.; LIANG, K. Y. & CHENG, A. T. (2007). Psychiatric and psychosocial predictors of substance use disorders among adolescents. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(1): 42–48. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.022871
  • GOKGOZ, S. & KOCOGLU, G. (2007). Cigarette and alcohol consumption behaviour in adolescence. Journal of Fırat Health Services, 12(3): 214–218.
  • GOLDSTEIN, A. L.; WALL, A. M.; WEKERLE, C. & KRANK, M. (2013). The impact of perceived reinforcement from alcohol and involvement in leisure activities on adolescent alcohol use. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 22(4): 340-363. doi: 10.1080/1067828X.2012.735190
  • GREENWOOD, B. N. & FLESHNER, M. (2011). Exercise, stress resistance, and central serotonergic systems. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 39(3): 140-149. doi: 10.1097/jes.0b013e31821f7e45
  • GULLONE, E.; MOORE, S.; MOSS, S. & BOYD, C. (2000). The adolescent risk-taking questionnaire development and psychometric evaluation. Journal of Adolescent Research, 15(2): 231–250. doi: 10.1177/0743558400152003
  • HALL, J. A.; RICHARDSON, B.; SPEARS, J. & REMBERT, J. K. (1999). Validation of the POSIT: comparing drug using and abstaining youth. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 8(2): 29-61.
  • HAMILTON, J. (1981). Attention, personality, and self-regulation of mood: Absorbing attention and boredom. Progress in Experimental Personality Research, 10: 281–315.
  • HILLS, P. & ARGYLE, M. (1998). Positive moods derived from leisure and their relationship to happiness and personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(3): 523–535. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00082-8
  • ISO-AHOLA, S. E. & WEISSINGER, E. (1987). Leisure and boredom. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 5(3): 356–364.
  • ISO-AHOLA, S. E. & CROWLEY, E. D. (1991). Adolescent substance abuse and leisure boredom. Journal of Leisure Research, 23(3): 260–271.
  • ISO-AHOLA, S. E. & WEISSINGER, E. (1990). Perceptions of boredom in leisure: Conceptualization, reliability and validity of the leisure boredom scale. Journal of Leisure Research, 22(1): 1–17.
  • KARA, F. M.; GÜRBÜZ, B. & ÖNCÜ, E. (2014). Leisure boredom scale: The factor structure and the demographic differences. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 16(2): 28–35. doi: 10.15314/tjse.201428102
  • KIRAN-ESEN, B. (2002). Investigation of risk-taking behaviour, smoking and achievement of students of various levels of peer pressure. Unpublished doctoral dissertation or master's thesis. Gazi University, Ankara.
  • KLEIBER, D.; LARSON, R. & CSIKSZENTMIHALYI, M. (1986). The experience of leisure in adolescence. Journal of Leisure Research, 18: 165-176.
  • KRISTJANSSON, A. L.; JAMES, J. E.; ALLEGRANTE, J. P.; SIGFUSDOTTIR, I. D. & HELGASON, A. R. (2010). Adolescent substance use, parental monitoring, and leisure-time activities: 12-year outcomes of primary prevention in Iceland. Preventive Medicine, 51(2): 168–171. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.05.001
  • LIEBREGTS, N.; VAN DER POL, P.; VAN LAAR, M.; DE GRAAF, R.; VAN DEN BRINK, W. & KORF, D. J. (2015). The role of leisure and delinquency in frequent cannabis use and dependence trajectories among young adults. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26(2): 143–152. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.07.014
  • LLOYD, H. M.; TAFOYA, A. E. & MERRITT, R. K. (2015). Underage drinking and antisocial behavior: Research to inform a UK behavioral intervention. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 24(1): 46-53. doi: 10.1080/1067828X.2012.756443
  • MA, S. M.; TAN, Y. & MA, S. C. (2012). Testing a structural model of psychological well-being, leisure negotiation, and leisure participation with Taiwanese college students. Leisure Sciences, 34(1): 55–71. doi: 10.1080/01490400.2012.633855
  • MACKLEM, G.L. (2015). Boredom in the classroom addressing student motivation, self-regulation and engagement in learning. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. Hyperlink: [https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=We8SBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27&dq=Macklem,+2015+boredom&source=bl&ots=J_6ScSwwvm&sig=AVqAxvUydw0jupjUG80sibdGV_Q&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjKoJ2PvYXPAhXCbRQKHea7AysQ6AEINjAE#v=onepage&q=Macklem%2C%202015%20boredom&f=false]. Retrieved on: 03.04.2019
  • MANNELL, R. C. (1984). Personality in leisure theory: The self-as-entertainment construct. Loisir et Societe/Society and Leisure, 7: 229–242. doi: 10.1080/07053436.1984.10715180
  • MCINTOSH, J.; MACDONALD, F. & MCKEGANEY, N. (2005). The reasons why children in their pre and early teenage years do or do not use illegal drugs. International Journal of Drug Policy, 16(4): 254–261. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2005.05.005
  • Measham, F. & Shiner, M. (2009). The legacy of ‘normalisation’: The role of classical and contemporary criminological theory in understanding young people’s drug use. International Journal of Drug Policy, 20(6): 502–508. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2009.02.001
  • MIKULAS, W. L. & VODANOVICH, S. J. (1993). The essence of boredom. The Psychological Record, 43(1): 3–12.
  • NATIONAL CENTER ON ADDICTION AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE AT COLUMBIA UNIVERSİTY. (2003). National survey of American attitudes on substance abuse VIII: Teens and parents. Columbia University, New York NY. Hyperlink: [http://www.centeronaddiction.org/addiction-research/reports/national-survey-american-attitudes-substance-abuse-teens-parents-2003] Retrieved on: 20.10.2018
  • NEUMEYER, M. H. & NEUMEYER, E. (1958). Leisure and recreation. New York: Ronald Press.
  • NEWBERRY, A. L. & DUNCAN, R. D. (2001). Roles of boredom and life goals in juvenile delinquency. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31(3): 527–541. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb02054.x
  • NEWMAN, D. B.; TAY L. & DIENER E. (2014). Leisure and subjective well-being: A model of psychological mechanisms as mediating factors. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(3): 555–578. doi: 10.1007/s10902-013-9435-x
  • ORCUTT, J. D. (1984). Contrasting effects of two kinds of boredom on alcohol use. Journal of Drug Issues, 14(1): 161–173.
  • PAGGI, M. E.; JOPP D. & HERTZOG C. (2016). The importance of leisure activities in the relationship between physical health and well-being in a life span sample. Gerontology, 62(4): 450–458. doi: 10.1159/000444415
  • PARFITT, G. & ESTON R. G. (2005). The relationship between children’s habitual activity level and psychological well-being. Acta Paediatrica, 94(12): 1791–1797. doi: 10.1080/08035250500268266
  • PRESSMAN, S.D.; MATHEWS, K. A.; COHEN, S.; MARTIRE, L. M.; SCHEIER, M.; BAUM, A. & SCHULZ, R. (2009). Association of enjoyable leisure activities with psychological and physical well-being. Psychosomatic Medicine, 71(7): 725–732. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181ad7978
  • SHARP, E. H.; COFFMAN, D. L.; CALDWELL, L. L.; SMITH, E. A.; WEGNER, L.; VERGNANI, T. & MATHEWS, C. (2011). Predicting substance use behavior among South African adolescents: The role of leisure experiences across time. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35(4): 343–351. doi: 10.1177/0165025411404494
  • SWEENEY, M. M.; RASS, O.; DICLEMENTE, C.; SCHACHT, R. L.; VO, H. T.; FISHMAN, M. J.; ... & JOHNSON, M. W. (2018). Working Memory Training for Adolescents With Cannabis Use Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 1-16. doi: 10.1080/1067828X.2018.1451793
  • TARTER, R. E. & KIRISCI, L. (2001). Validity of the Drug Use Screening Inventory for predicting DSM-III-R substance use disorder. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 10(4): 45-53. doi: 10.1300/J029v10n04_05
  • The Parliamentary Inquiry Commission Report (2008). The Grand National Assembly of Turkey the Parliamentary Inquiry Commission Established to Search for Problems Regarding Substances, Specifically Drugs, Dependence, Drug Trafficking and to Discern the Necessary Precautions. Ankara.
  • TUBIM (2011). Turkish Drug Report, Ankara. Hyperlink: [http://www.kom.pol.tr/tubim/SiteAssets/Sayfalar/T%C3%BCrkiye-Uyu%C5%9Fturucu-Raporu/2011(%C4%B0NG%C4%B0L%C4%B0ZCE).pdf]. Retrieved on: 11.04.2019
  • TUBIM (2014). Turkish Drug Report, Ankara. Hyperlink: [http://www.kom.pol.tr/tubim/SiteAssets/Sayfalar/T%C3%BCrkiye-Uyu%C5%9Fturucu-Raporu/TUBIM%202014%20TURKIYE%20UYUSTURUCU%20RAPORU_ING.pdf]. Retrieved on: 04.04.2019
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  • UNLU, A.; SAHIN, I. & WAN, T. T. (2014). Three dimensions of youth social capital and their impacts on substance use. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 23(4): 230-241. Doi: 10.1080/1067828X.2013.786934
  • URBERG, K. A.; LUO, Q.; PILGRIM, C. & DEGIRMENCIOGLU, S. M. (2003). A two-stage model of peer influence in adolescent substance use: Individual and relationship-specific differences in susceptibility to influence. Addictive Behaviors, 28(7): 1243–1256. doi: 10.1016/S0306-4603(02)00256-3
  • VODANOVICH, S.J. & WATT J. D. (2016). Self-report measures of boredom: An updated review of the literatüre. The Journal of Psychology, 150(2): 196-228. doi: 10.1080/00223980.2015.1074531
  • VOGEL-WALCUTT, J. J.; FIORELLA, L.; CARPER, T. & SCHATZ, S. (2012). The definition, asessment, and mitigation of state boredom within educational settings: A comprehensive review. Educational Psychology Review, 24(1): 89-111. doi: 10.1007/s10648-011-9182-7
  • WALDRON, H. B. & KAMINER, Y. (2004). On the learning curve: The emerging evidence supporting cognitive–behavioral therapies for adolescent substance abuse. Addiction, 99(2): 93–105. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00857.x
  • WATT, J. D. & BLANCHARD, M. J. (1994). Boredom proneness and the need for cognition. Journal of Research in Personality, 28(1): 44–51. Doi: 10.1006/jrpe.1994.1005
  • WEGNER, L. (2011). Through the lens of a peer: Understanding leisure boredom and risk behavior in adolescence. Journal of Occupational Therapy, 41(1): 18–24.
  • WEGNER, L.; FLISHER, A. J.; MULLER, M. & LOMBARD, C. (2006). Leisure boredom and substance use among high school students in South Africa. Journal of Leisure Research, 38(2): 249–266.
  • WEYBRİGHT, E. H.; CALDWELL, L. L.; RAM, N.; SMITH, E. A. & WEGNER, L. (2015). Boredom prone or nothing to do? Distinguishing between state and trait leisure boredom and its association with substance use in South African adolescents. Leisure Sciences, 37(4): 311–331. doi: 10.1080/01490400.2015.1014530
  • WILLS, T. A. & YAEGER, A. M. (2003). Family factors and adolescent substance use models and mechanisms. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12(6): 222–226.
  • WILLS, T. A.; YAEGER, A. M. & SANDY, J. M. (2003). Buffering effect of religiosity for adolescent substance use. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 17(1): 24. doi: 10.1037/0893-164X.17.1.24
  • ZIERVOGEL, C. F.; AHMED, N.; FLISHER, A. J. & ROBERTSON, B. A. (1997). Alcohol misuse in South African male adolescents: A qualitative investigation. International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 17(1): 25–41. doi: 10.2190/43ad-41tw-v20w-71qb
Toplam 72 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makeleler
Yazarlar

Ezgi Ertüzün 0000-0002-6986-0143

Tennur Yerlisu Lapa 0000-0002-8647-1473

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Kabul Tarihi 29 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Ertüzün, E., & Yerlisu Lapa, T. (2020). Relationship Between Adolescents’ Leisure Boredom and Substance Use in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 22(3), 374-383. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.779348
AMA Ertüzün E, Yerlisu Lapa T. Relationship Between Adolescents’ Leisure Boredom and Substance Use in Turkey. Turk J Sport Exe. Aralık 2020;22(3):374-383. doi:10.15314/tsed.779348
Chicago Ertüzün, Ezgi, ve Tennur Yerlisu Lapa. “Relationship Between Adolescents’ Leisure Boredom and Substance Use in Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 22, sy. 3 (Aralık 2020): 374-83. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.779348.
EndNote Ertüzün E, Yerlisu Lapa T (01 Aralık 2020) Relationship Between Adolescents’ Leisure Boredom and Substance Use in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 22 3 374–383.
IEEE E. Ertüzün ve T. Yerlisu Lapa, “Relationship Between Adolescents’ Leisure Boredom and Substance Use in Turkey”, Turk J Sport Exe, c. 22, sy. 3, ss. 374–383, 2020, doi: 10.15314/tsed.779348.
ISNAD Ertüzün, Ezgi - Yerlisu Lapa, Tennur. “Relationship Between Adolescents’ Leisure Boredom and Substance Use in Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 22/3 (Aralık 2020), 374-383. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.779348.
JAMA Ertüzün E, Yerlisu Lapa T. Relationship Between Adolescents’ Leisure Boredom and Substance Use in Turkey. Turk J Sport Exe. 2020;22:374–383.
MLA Ertüzün, Ezgi ve Tennur Yerlisu Lapa. “Relationship Between Adolescents’ Leisure Boredom and Substance Use in Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, c. 22, sy. 3, 2020, ss. 374-83, doi:10.15314/tsed.779348.
Vancouver Ertüzün E, Yerlisu Lapa T. Relationship Between Adolescents’ Leisure Boredom and Substance Use in Turkey. Turk J Sport Exe. 2020;22(3):374-83.
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