Voleybolda Hamstring Gücü Dinamiklerinin Araştırılması: Kesitsel Bir Mercekten Konumsal Bir Perspektif

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 288 - 297, 31.08.2024

Çağlar Soylu , Emre Altundağ

https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.1450572

Öz

Bilgimiz dahilinde literatürde izole eksantrik hamstring kuvvetini voleybol oyuncularının oyun pozisyonlarına göre inceleyen bir çalışma bulunmamakla birlikte, hamstring kas kuvvetini oyun pozisyonlarına göre değerlendiren az sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, elit voleybolcuların eksantrik hamstring kas kuvvetlerinin oyun pozisyonlarına göre karşılaştırmaktır. Araştırmaya, 2022-2023 Türkiye Voleybol 1. Lig sezonunda yer alan, benzer antrenman programına alınan 18-35 yaş aralığında 63 (n=31 kadın ve n=32 erkek) elit voleybol sporcusu gönüllü katılmıştır. Sporcular libero (n= 5 kadın ve n=6 erkek), orta oyuncu (n=8 kadın ve n=8 erkek), pasör çaprazı (n= 4 kadın ve n=6 erkek), pasör (n= 6 kadın ve n=4 erkek) ve smaçör (n=7 kadın ve n=9 erkek) olarak kategorize edildi. Sporcuların eksantrik hamstring kas kuvvetleri Nordic Hamstring egzersizi (NHE) sırasında IVMES H-Bord (IVMES, Ankara, Türkiye) kullanılarak yapıldı. Voleybolcuların eksantrik hamstring kuvvetinin mevkilere göre karşılaştırılması sonucunda hem kadın (F=0.403-5.331; p=0.255-0.982) hem erkek (F=4.167-6.985; p=0.137-0.384) sporcuların her iki taraf maksimum ve ortalama eksantrik hamstring kas kuvvetleri ve kas kuvvet farkları arasında istatistiksel olarak fark olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca kadın ve erkek sporcular arasında ortalama ve maksimum eksantrik hamstring kas kuvvetleri ve kas kuvvet farkları bakımından mevkilere göre anlamlı bir fark olmadığı görüldü (F=0.001-3.823; p=0.055-0.972). Çalışmamızda hem kadın hem erkek voleybol oyuncuların eksantrik hamstring kuvvetleri ve iki taraf arası kuvvet farklılık yüzdeleri mevkilere göre farklılık göstermediği bulundu. Geçmiş araştırmalarda ve araştırmamızda, voleybolcuların eksantrik hamstring kuvvet düzeylerinin mevkilere göre farklılık göstermemesi, voleybolun değişen yapısı ile ilgili olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eksantrik kas kuvveti, Hamstring, Oyun pozisyonu, Voleybol.

Exploring the Dynamics of Hamstring Strength in Volleyball: A Positional Perspective Through a Cross-sectional Lens

Öz

To the best of our knowledge, there is no study in the literature examining the isolated eccentric hamstring strength according to the playing positions of volleyball players, but there are few studies evaluating the hamstring muscle strength according to the playing positions. The aim of this study was to compare the eccentric hamstring muscle strength levels of elite volleyball players according to their playing positions. Elite volleyball players (n=31 female and n=32 male) aged between 18-35 who took part in the 2022-2023 Turkish Volleyball 1st League season and were included in a similar training program participated in the study voluntary. Sixty-three volleyball players were categorized as libero (n=5 female and n=6 male), middle player (n=8 female and n=8 male), opposite (n=4 female and n=6 male), setter (n=6 female and n=4 male) and spiker (n=7 female and n=9 male). Eccentric hamstring muscle strength was assessed during Nordic Hamstring exercise (NHE) using IVMES H-Bord (IVMES, Ankara, Turkey) device. As a result of the comparison of the eccentric hamstring strength of the volleyball players according to the positions, it was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the maximum and mean eccentric hamstring muscle strengths and muscle strength differences of both female (F=0.403-5.331; p=0.255-0.982) and male (F=4.167-6.985; p=0.137-0.384) athletes. In addition, there was no significant difference between male and female athletes in terms of mean and maximum eccentric hamstring muscle strength and muscle strength differences according to their positions (F=0.001-3.823; p=0.055-0.972). In our study, it was found that the eccentric hamstring strength and bilateral strength difference percentages of both male and female volleyball players did not differ according to their positions. The fact that the eccentric hamstring strength levels of volleyball players did not differ according to the positions in previous studies and in our study is thought to be related to the changing structure of volleyball.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eccentric muscle strength, Hamstring, Playing position, Volleyball

Kaynakça

• 1. Eirale C, Farooq A, Smiley FA, Tol JL, Chalabi H. Epidemiology of football injuries in Asia: a prospective study in Qatar. J Sci Med Sport. 2013;16(2):113-117.
• 2. Orchard JW, Seward H, Orchard JJ. Results of 2 decades of injury surveillance and public release of data in the Australian Football League. Am J Sports Med. 2013;41(4):734-741.
• 3. Martin RL, Cibulka MT, Bolgla LA, Koc Jr TA, Loudon JK, Manske RC, et al. Hamstring Strain Injury in Athletes: Clinical Practice Guidelines Linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health From the Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy and the American Academy of Sports Physical Therapy of the American Physical Therapy Association. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2022;52(3):CPG1-CPG44.
• 4. Maniar N, Carmichael DS, Hickey JT, Timmins RG, San Jose AJ, Dickson J, et al. Incidence and prevalence of hamstring injuries in field-based team sports: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 5952 injuries from over 7 million exposure hours. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(2):109-116.
• 5. Shield AJ, Bourne MN. Hamstring injury prevention practices in elite sport: evidence for eccentric strength vs. lumbo-pelvic training. Sports Med. 2018;48:513-524.
• 6. Váczi M, Fazekas G, Pilissy T, Cselkó A, Trzaskoma L, Sebesi B, et al. The effects of eccentric hamstring exercise training in young female handball players. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2022;122(4):955-964.
• 7. Markovic G, Sarabon N, Boban F, Zoric I, Jelcic M, Sos K, et al. Nordic hamstring strength of highly trained youth football players and its relation to sprint performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2020;34(3):800-807.
• 8. Greig M, Naylor J. The efficacy of angle-matched isokinetic knee flexor and extensor strength parameters in predicting agility test performance. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017;12(5):728.
• 9. Lee JW, Mok K-M, Chan HC, Yung PS, Chan K-M. Eccentric hamstring strength deficit and poor hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio are risk factors for hamstring strain injury in football: A prospective study of 146 professional players. J Sci Med Sport. 2018;21(8):789-793.
• 10. Zebis MK, Andersen LL, Bencke J, Kjær M, Aagaard P. Identification of athletes at future risk of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures by neuromuscular screening. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(10):1967-1973.
• 11. Lidor R, Ziv G. Physical and physiological attributes of female volleyball players-a review. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(7):1963-1973.
• 12. Sattler T, Sekulic D, Hadzic V, Uljevic O, Dervisevic E. Vertical jumping tests in volleyball: reliability, validity, and playing-position specifics. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(6):1532-1538.
• 13. Dervišević E, Hadžić V. Quadriceps and hamstrings strength in team sports: Basketball, football and volleyball. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 2012;20(4):293-300.
• 14. Pelegrinelli ARM, Dela Bela LF, Silva MF, Rodrigues LCR, Batista JP, Jr., Guenka LC, et al. Velocity-specific knee strength between professional and under-17 female volleyball players. South Afr J Physiother. 2019;75(1):1-7.
• 15. Bamaç B, Çolak T, Özbek A, Çolak S, Cinel Y, Yenigün Ö. Isokınetıc performance ın elıte volleyball and basketball players. Kinesiology. 2008;40(2):182-188.
• 16. Coombs R, Garbutt G. Developments in the use of the hamstring/quadriceps ratio for the assessment of muscle balance. J Sports Sci Med. 2002;1(3):56-62.
• 17. Panni AS, Biedert RM, Maffulli N, Tartarone M, Romanini E. Overuse injuries of the extensor mechanism in athletes. Clin Sports Med. 2002;21(3):483-498.
• 18. Ardern CL, Pizzari T, Wollin MR, Webster KE. Hamstrings strength imbalance in professional football (soccer) players in Australia. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(4):997-1002.
• 19. Hadzic V, Sattler T, Markovic G, Veselko M, Dervisevic E. The isokinetic strength profile of quadriceps and hamstrings in elite volleyball players. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 2010;18(1):31-37.
• 20. Opar D, Williams M, Timmins R, Hickey J, Duhig S, Shield A. Eccentric hamstring strength and hamstring injury risk in Australian footballers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(4):857-865.
• 21. Timmins RG, Bourne MN, Shield AJ, Williams MD, Lorenzen C, Opar DA. Short biceps femoris fascicles and eccentric knee flexor weakness increase the risk of hamstring injury in elite football (soccer): a prospective cohort study. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(24):1524-1535.
• 22. Bourne MN, Opar DA, Williams MD, Shield AJ. Eccentric knee flexor strength and risk of hamstring injuries in rugby union: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(11):2663-2670.
• 23. Yeung SS, Suen AM, Yeung EW. A prospective cohort study of hamstring injuries in competitive sprinters: preseason muscle imbalance as a possible risk factor. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(8):589-594.
• 24. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175-191.
• 25. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis Jbr the behavioral. Sciences. Hillsdale (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1988;18:74.
• 26. Soylu Ç, Altundağ E, Akarçeşme C, Ün Yildirim N. The relationship between isokinetic knee flexion and extension muscle strength, jump performance, dynamic balance and injury risk in female volleyball players. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise. 2020;5(3):502-514.
• 27. Akarçeşme C, Cengizel E, Alvurdu S, et al. Reliability and validity of the new portable Nordic hamstring test device (IVMES H-Bord). Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Pt. P J. 2024;0(0).
• 28. Rhodes D, Jeffrey J, Maden-Wilkinson J, Reedy A, Morehead E, Kiely J, et al. The relationship between eccentric hamstring strength and dynamic stability in elite academy footballers. Sci Med Footb. 2021;5(1):48-54.
• 29. Opar DA, Piatkowski T, Williams MD, Shield AJ. A novel device using the Nordic hamstring exercise to assess eccentric knee flexor strength: a reliability and retrospective injury study. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013;43(9):636-640.
• 30. Wiesinger HP, Gressenbauer C, Kösters A, Scharinger M, Müller E. Device and method matter: A critical evaluation of eccentric hamstring muscle strength assessments. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020;30(2):217-226.
• 31. Hasan A, Aytar SH, Akarçeşme C, Aktuğ ZB. Is there a difference in isokinetic knee muscle strength between player positions in volleyball? Int J Sport Cult Sci. 8(4):302-309.
• 32. Küçükbaycan Ç, Yenigün N, Yenigün Ö, Dinçer Ö. Comparison of pre-season and post-season leg strength of volleyball players in the blocker and the spiker players. İstanbul Univ J Sport Sci. 2011;3(ÖS):137-140.
• 33. Marques MAC, González-Badillo JJ, Kluka DA. In-season resistance training for professional male volleyball players. Strength Cond J. 2006;28(6):16-27.
• 34. Yılmaz A, Kabadayı M, Bostancı Ö, Özdal M, Mayda M. Analysis of isokinetic knee strength in soccer players in terms of selected parameters. Phys Educ Students. 2019;23(4):209-216.
• 35. Meriç B, Aydın M, Çolak T, Çolak E, Son M. The comparison of knee isokinetic performances and anthropometric measurement of professional soccers who play different position. J Hum Sci. 2007;4(2).
• 36. Tourny-Chollet C, Leroy D, Léger H, Beuret-Blanquart F. Isokinetic knee muscle strength of soccer players according to their position. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 2000;8(4):187-194.
• 37. Bishop C, Turner A, Read P. Effects of inter-limb asymmetries on physical and sports performance: a systematic review. J Sports Sci. 2018;36(10):1135-1144.
• 38. Croisier JL, Ganteaume S, Binet J, Genty M, Ferret JM. Strength imbalances and prevention of hamstring injury in professional soccer players: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(8):1469-1475.
• 39. Mokha M, Sprague PA, Gatens DR. Predicting Musculoskeletal Injury in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II Athletes From Asymmetries and Individual-Test Versus Composite Functional Movement Screen Scores. J Athl Train. 2016;51(4):276-282.
• 40. Parkinson AO, Apps CL, Morris JG, Barnett CT, Lewis MGC. The Calculation, Thresholds and Reporting of Inter-Limb Strength Asymmetry: A Systematic Review. J Sports Sci Med. 2021;20(4):594-617.