The Relationship Between Horizontal Push-Off and Land-Based Vertical Jump During Tumble Turns in Freestyle Swimming

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 388 - 396, 31.12.2024

Yildiz Oz , İrfan Gülmez , Semih Yılmaz , Cansel Cumbur , Göktuğ Şanlı , Zeynep Bozdoğan Kurt , Fatih Sani , Nejla Gerçek , Nusret Ramazanoğlu

https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.1550055

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the horizontal push-off against the pool wall and the land-based vertical jump performance during the tumble turn in freestyle swimming technique. Twenty-one young male swimmers (age:15.7±1.53 years; height:176.3±7.07 cm; body weight:63.7±7.61 kg) with at least four years of swimming training experience were participated in the study. In this study, the swimmers were tested on land and in the water. To examine the land based vertical jump performance, the countermovement jump, and the drop-jump (25 cm height) tests were performed. In the pool tests, the swimming times at 20 m, 25 m and, 5 m after the tumble turn were recorded. The relationship between land based and in water performance were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Test. A significant relationship was found between the tuck index and the drop jump height (p<0.05). A strong positive correlation was found between the tuck index angle, the 25 m swimming time, and the average speed for the last 5 m before the turn (p<0,05). As a result, it was investigated that increasing the vertical jump training and the land-based training can also increase the swimming performance. It is recommended that swimming coaches include lower extremity vertical strength training exercises on land in training programs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Acceleration, Tuck Indeks, Countermovement-jump, drop jump, plyometric jump

Serbest Stil Yüzmede Takla Dönüşleri Sırasındaki Yatay İtiş ve Karada Yapılan Dikey Sıçrama Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, serbest stil yüzme tekniğinde takla dönüşü sırasında havuz duvarına karşı yapılan yatay itiş ile karada yapılan dikey sıçrama performansı arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır. Çalışmaya en az dört yıllık yüzme antrenman deneyimi olan 21 genç erkek yüzücü (yaş:15.7±1.53 yıl; boy:176.3±7.07 cm; vücut ağırlığı:63.7±7.61 kg) dahil edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada yüzücüler karada ve suda test edilmiştir. Karada dikey sıçrama performansını incelemek için countermovement-jump ve drop-jump (25 cm yükseklik) testleri yapılmıştır. Havuz testlerinde, 20 m, 25 m ve takla dönüşünden sonraki 5 m yüzme süreleri kaydedilmiştir. Karadaki ve sudaki performans arasındaki ilişki Pearson Korelasyon Testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Tuck indeksi ile drop jump yüksekliği arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Tuck indeks açısı, 25 m yüzme süresi ve dönüşten önceki son 5 m'deki ortalama hız arasında güçlü bir pozitif korelasyon bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak, dikey sıçrama antrenmanının ve kara antrenmanının artırılmasının yüzme performansını da artırabileceği tespit edilmiştir. Yüzme antrenörlerinin antrenman programlarına karada alt ekstremite dikey kuvvet antrenmanı egzersizlerini dahil etmeleri önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İvmelenme, Tuck indeksi, Countermovement-jump, Drop jump, Plyometric jump

Kaynakça

• 1. Benjanuvatra N, Edmunds K, Blanksby B. Jumping abilities and swimming grab-start performances in elite and recreational swimmers. International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education, 2007; 1(3): 6. http://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.01.03.06
• 2. Born DP, Stöggl T, Petrov A, Burkhardt D, Lüthy F, Romann M. Analysis of freestyle swimming sprint start performance after maximal strength or vertical jump training in competitive female and male junior swimmers. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2020; 34(2): 323-331. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003390
• 3. Born DP, Kuger J, Polach M, Romann M. Start and turn performances of elite male swimmers: benchmarks and underlying mechanisms. Sports Biomechanics, 2021; 4: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2021.1872693
• 4. Campos EZ, Kalva-Filho CA, Gobbi RB, Barbieri RA, Almeida NP, Papoti M. Anaerobic contribution determined in swimming distances: relation with performance. Frontiers in Physiology, 2017; 8: 755. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00755
• 5. Cañas-Jamett, R., Figueroa-Puig, J., Ramirez-Campillo, R., & Tuesta, M. (2020). Plyometric training improves swimming performance in recreationally-trained swimmers. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 26, 436-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202026052019_0052
• 6. Cronin J, Jones J, Frost D. The Relationship Between Dry-Land Power Measures and Tumble Turn Velocity in Elite Swimmers. Journal of Swimming Research, 2007; 17: 17-23.
• 7. Crowley E, Harrison AJ, Lyons M. Dry-land resistance training practices of elite swimming strength and conditioning coaches. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2018; 32(9): 2592-2600.
• 8. David, S., Grove, T., Duijven, M. V., Koster, P., & Beek, P. J. (2022). Improving tumble turn performance in swimming—the impact of wall contact time and tuck index. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4, 936695. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.936695
• 9. Đurović M, Beretić I, Zrnzević J, Okičić T, Jorgić B, Milanov M. The relations between power and force variables realized during the squat jump with start performance in national level male sprint swimmers. Facta Universitatis, Series: Physical Education and Sport, 2015; 89-96.
• 10. Guignard B, Rouard A, Chollet D, Bonifazi M, Dalla Vedova D, Hart J, Seifert L. Upper-to-lower limb coordination dynamics in swimming depending on swimming speed and aquatic environment manipulations. Motor Control, 2019; 23(3): 418-442. https://doi.org/10.1123/mc.2018-0026
• 11. Hermosilla, F., Sanders, R., González-Mohíno, F., Yustres, I., & González-Rave, J. M. (2021). Effects of dry-land training programs on swimming turn performance: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(17), 9340. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179340
• 12. Jones J. Dry land strength and power training to enhance swimming in-water turn performance. Master of Science (Sport Science) Thesis, Edith Cowan University, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Joondalup, Australia, 2017.
• 13. Jones JV, Pyne DB, Haff GG, Newton RU. Comparison between elite and subelite swimmers on dry land and tumble turn leg extensor force-time characteristics. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2018; 32(6): 1762-1769. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002041
• 14. Kachaunov M, Petrov L. Upper body anaerobic power and freestyle swimming performance. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 2020; 20(4): 1957-1963. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.04265
• 15. Keiner M, Wirth K, Fuhrmann S, Kunz M, Hartmann H, Haff GG. The influence of upper-and lower-body maximum strength on swim block start, turn, and overall swim performance in sprint swimming. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2021; 35(10): 2839-2845. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003229
• 16. Krüger T, Wick D, Hohmann A, El-Bahrawi M, Koth A. Biomechanics of the grab and track start technique. Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming IX, 2003; 219-223.
• 17. Loturco I, Barbosa AC, Nocentini RK, Pereira LA, Kobal R, Kitamura K, Nakamura FY. A correlational analysis of tethered swimming, swim sprint performance and dry-land power assessments. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2016; 37(03): 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1559694
• 18. Lee CL, Chin YF, Liu Y. Comparig The difference between front-leg and back-leg round-house kicks attacking movement abilities ın taekwondo. In Proceedings of the 23 International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports.Chine: Beijing, 2005; 877-880.
• 19. Lyttle A, Blanksby B, Elliott B, Lloyd D. A Comparison of underwater gliding and kicking techniques. In Proceedings of the 17 International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports.Australia: Pert, 1999; 81-84.
• 20. Lyttle AD, Blanksby BA, Elliott BC, Lloyd DG. Net forces during tethered simulation of underwater streamlined gliding and kicking techniques of the freestyle turn. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2000; 18(10): 801–807. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404100419856
• 21. Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human kinetics, 2003.
• 22. Marinho DA, Barbosa TM, Neiva HP, Silva AJ, Morais JE. Comparison of the start, turn and finish performance of elite swimmers in 100 m and 200 m races. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 2020; 19(2): 397.
• 23. Matúš I, Ružbarský P, Vadašová B, Czarny W. Horizontal and vertical jumping abilities and kick start performance in competitive swimmers. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 2022; 22(1), 273-280. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2022.01035
• 24. Mitchell LJ, Rattray B, Saunders PU, Pyne DB. The relationship between talent identification testing parameters and performance in elite junior swimmers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sports, 2018; 21(12): 1281-1285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2018.05.006
• 25. Morais JE, Marinho DA, Arellano R, Barbosa TM. Start and turn performances of elite sprinters at the 2016 European Championships in swimming. Sports Biomechanics, 2019; 18(1): 100-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2018.1435713
• 26. Nicol E, Ball K, Tor E. The Biomechanics of freestyle and butterfly turn technique in elite swimmers. Sports Biomechanics, 2019; 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2018.1561930
• 27. Okuno K. Stroke characteristics of world class male swimmers in free style events of the 9th FINA world swimming championships 2001 Fukuoka. Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming, 2003; 157-162.
• 28. Osborough C, Daly D, Payton C. Effect of swim speed on leg-to-arm coordination in unilateral arm amputee front crawl swimmers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2015; 33(14): 1523-1531.
• 29. Papadopoulos C, Sambanis M, Gissis I, Noussios G, Gandiraga E, Manolopoulos E, Papadimitriou ID. Evaluation of force and vertical jump performance in young swimmers with different force-time curve characteristics. Biology of Sport, 2009; 26(4): 301.
• 30. Pereira SM, Ruschel C, Souza TG, Araujo LG, Gonçalves P, Fernandes R, Vilas-Boas JP. Comparative analysis of temporal parameters of different techniques of the freestyle flip turn. Vilas-Boas, Machado, Kim, Veloso (eds.). Biomechanics in Sports 29. Portuguese Journal of Sport Sciences, 2011; 11(Suppl 2): 359–362.
• 31. Puel F, Morlier J, Mesnard M, Cid M, Hellard P. Dynamics and kinematics in tumble turn: an analysis of performance. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2010; 13(S1): 109-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2010.495586
• 32. Puel F, Morlier J, Avalos M, Mesnard M, Cid M, Hellard P. 3D kinematic and dynamic analysis of the front crawl tumble turn in elite male swimmers. Journal of Biomechanics, 2012; 45(3): 510–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.11.043
• 33. Rebutini VZ, Pereira G, Bohrer RC, Ugrinowitsch C, Rodacki AL. Plyometric long jump training with progressive loading improves kinetic and kinematic swimming start parameters. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2016; 30(9): 2392-2398. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000360
• 34. Sammoud S, Negra Y, Chaabene H, Bouguezzi R, Moran J, Granacher U. The effects of plyometric jump training on jumping and swimming performances in prepubertal male swimmers. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2019; 18(4): 805-811.
• 35. Silveira GA, Araujo LG, dos Santos Freitas E, Schütz GR, de Souza TG, Pereira SM, Roesler H. Proposal for standardization of the distance for analysis of freestyle flip-turn performance. Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, 2011; 13(3): 177-182. https://doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2011v13n3p177
• 36. Skyriene, V., Dubosiene, M., Dubosas, M., & Eidukeviciute, M. (2017). The Relationship between Different Age Swimmers’ Flip Turn Tem-poral and Kinematic Characteristics. Mechanics, 23(4), 604-609. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.23.4.17852
• 37. Veiga S, Roig A. Effect of the starting and turning performances on the subsequent swimming parameters of elite swimmers. Sports Biomechanics, 2017; 16(1): 34-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2016.1179782
• 38. Weimar W, Sumner A, Romer B, Fox J, Rehm J, Decoux B, Patel J. Kinetic Analysis of Swimming Flip-Turn Push-Off Techniques. Sports, 2019; 7(2): 32;1-7. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7020032
• 39. West DJ, Owen NJ, Cunningham DJ, Cook CJ, Kilduff LP. Strength and power predictors of swimming starts in international sprint swimmers. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2011; 25(4): 950-955.
• 40. Yapıcı A, Cengiz C. The Relationship between lower extremity wingate anaerobic test (want) and 50m freestyle swimming performance. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 2015; 3(Special Issue 3): 44-54. https://doi.org/10.14486/IJSCS257