The Importance of Nutrition Before and Following Metabolic/Bariatric Surgery

Öz

Obesity is a chronic disease, a global epidemic and among the non-communicable disease targets which are identified by World Health Organization (WHO). Bariatric surgery (BS) is one of the treatment approaches used in the fight against obesity. In this article, it is aimed to present general information about BS, nutritional evaluation before and after BS, various nutrition-related conditions, and information on how food supplements and diet phases should be maintained. In addition, factors that should be taken into consideration in individuals undergoing BS and new approaches in BS are included. BS has different methods, such as restrictive and malabsorptive methods. The process before and after BS differs. It is important to evaluate and follow up on an individual basis in a multidisciplinary way. BS methods may have an effect on the absorption of nutrients and the food intake may not meet the requirement due to anatomical changes after surgery. Therefore, food supplements should be given based on the need. In addition, an individual's diet should progress in stages. Considering the risk factors of individuals with BS, postoperative body weight loss should be maintained in the healthiest way. In order to use BS as an effective tool in obesity management, it is considered necessary to develop solutions for the risk factors carried by the individuals who constitute the target group for BS, to manage and maintain the process and follow-up in the most ideal way.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bariatric surgery
• obesity
• food supplements
• weight loss

Metabolik/Bariatrik Cerrahi Öncesinde ve Sonrasında Beslenmenin Önemi

Öz

Obezite, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tarafından tanımlanan bulaşıcı olmayan hastalık hedefleri arasında yer alan, kronik bir hastalık ve küresel bir salgındır. Bariatrik cerrahi (BC), obeziteyle mücadelede kullanılan tedavi yöntemlerinden biridir. Bu makalede, BC ile ilgili genel bilgiler sunulmasının yanı sıra, BC öncesi ve sonrası beslenme değerlendirmesi, beslenmeyle ilişkili çeşitli durumlar, gıda takviyeleri ve diyet evrelerinin nasıl sürdürülmesi gerektiği konularında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, BC geçiren bireylerde dikkate alınması gereken etkenler ve BC'deki yeni yaklaşımlar bu makalede ele alınmıştır. BC’nin kısıtlayıcı ve malabsorptif yöntemler gibi farklı yaklaşımları vardır. BC öncesi ve sonrası süreçler birbirinden farklılık gösterir. Bu süreçte, multidisipliner bir yaklaşımla bireysel bazda değerlendirme ve takip yapılması önemli görülmektedir. BC yöntemleri, besin ögelerinin emilimini etkileyebilir ve ameliyat sonrası meydana gelen anatomik değişiklikler nedeniyle besin alımı, vücudun ihtiyaçlarını karşılamayabilir. Bu yüzden, bireyin gereksinimlerine göre gıda takviyeleri verilmelidir. Ayrıca bireyin diyetinin aşamalar halinde ilerlemesi gerekmektedir. BC geçiren bireylerin risk etkenleri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, ameliyat sonrası vücut ağırlığı kaybı en sağlıklı şekilde sürdürülebilmelidir. BC’nin, obezite yönetiminde etkili bir araç olarak kullanılabilmesi için BC'nin hedef grubunu oluşturan bireylerin taşıdığı risk etkenlerine yönelik çözümler geliştirilmesi, ameliyat öncesi, ameliyat sırası ve ameliyat sonrasındaki sürecin en ideal şekilde yönetilip sürdürülmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bariatrik cerrahi
• obezite
• gıda takviyeleri
• vücut ağırlığı kaybı

Kaynakça

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