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The Dutch in the Levant: Trade and Travel in the Seventeenth Century

Cilt: 75 Sayı: 273 1 Ağustos 2011
  • Himmet Umunç
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The Dutch in the Levant: Trade and Travel in the Seventeenth Century

Öz

Although Dutch connections with the Levant, especially in terms of pilgrimages to the Holy Land, and also within the context of the Crusades, may go back to the Middle Ages and perhaps even before, it was from the late sixteenth century onwards that these connections took a dramatic turn and were fully developed. Despite the political, economic, administrative and military problems with Spain after the 1560s, historically termed as the Eighty Years War (1567-68 to 1647-48), the States General of the Dutch Republic prudently took courageous steps and put in place sober policies to establish diplomatic relations with the Ottornan Empire and become a major player in the so-called "riches trade" with the Levant. Indeed, the Republic and the Ottoman Empire were both enthusiastic about forging their cooperation for mutual interests, and, from 1612 onwards, when the first Dutch diplomatic mission was set up in lstanbul, the Dutch primacy in the Levant was consolidated. Dutch merchants were granted by the Ottoman government special privileges and exemptions (i.e. the "capitulations") and, thus, strongly competed with, and even outplayed, other European trade colonies, especially the English, in the Levant. Along with the development of Dutch trade with the Ottoman Empire, there also began Dutch travels to the region. Among the early Dutch travellers, especially Cornelis de Bruijn (1652-1727), who stayed in Izmir and Istanbul for nearly three years (1678-1681) is of particular interest.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. De Bruyn, Cornelis [Corneille le Brun]. Voyage au Levant. Paris: Chez Guillaume Cavelier, 1714.
  2. De Busbecq, Ogier Ghiselin. The Turkish Letters of Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, Imperial Ambassador at Constantinople 1554-1562. Trans. and Introd. Edward Seymour Forster. 1927. Oxford: Clarendon, 1968.
  3. Barnett, R.D. “The European Merchants in Angora.” Anatolian Studies, 24 (1974): pp. 135-41.
  4. Bridge, Antony. The Crusades. London: Granada, 1980.
  5. Clark, Steve, ed. Travel Writing and Empire: Postcolonial Theory in Transit. London: Zed, 1999.
  6. Çelikkol, Zeki, Alexander de Groot and Ben J. Slot. It Began with the Tulip: The History of Four Centuries of Relationship between Turkey and the Netherlands in Pictures. Ankara: Turkish Historical Society, 2000.
  7. De Groot, A.H. The Ottoman Empire and the Dutch Republic: A History of the Earliest Diplomatic Relations, 1610-1630. Leiden: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut, 1978.
  8. Forster, Edward Seymour. “Introduction,” in Busbecq, pp. ix-xvi.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

-

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Himmet Umunç Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi

1 Ağustos 2011

Gönderilme Tarihi

1 Şubat 2011

Kabul Tarihi

-

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2011 Cilt: 75 Sayı: 273

Kaynak Göster

APA
Umunç, H. (2011). The Dutch in the Levant: Trade and Travel in the Seventeenth Century. BELLETEN, 75(273), 373-386. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2011.373
AMA
1.Umunç H. The Dutch in the Levant: Trade and Travel in the Seventeenth Century. TTK BELLETEN. 2011;75(273):373-386. doi:10.37879/belleten.2011.373
Chicago
Umunç, Himmet. 2011. “The Dutch in the Levant: Trade and Travel in the Seventeenth Century”. BELLETEN 75 (273): 373-86. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2011.373.
EndNote
Umunç H (01 Ağustos 2011) The Dutch in the Levant: Trade and Travel in the Seventeenth Century. BELLETEN 75 273 373–386.
IEEE
[1]H. Umunç, “The Dutch in the Levant: Trade and Travel in the Seventeenth Century”, TTK BELLETEN, c. 75, sy 273, ss. 373–386, Ağu. 2011, doi: 10.37879/belleten.2011.373.
ISNAD
Umunç, Himmet. “The Dutch in the Levant: Trade and Travel in the Seventeenth Century”. BELLETEN 75/273 (01 Ağustos 2011): 373-386. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2011.373.
JAMA
1.Umunç H. The Dutch in the Levant: Trade and Travel in the Seventeenth Century. TTK BELLETEN. 2011;75:373–386.
MLA
Umunç, Himmet. “The Dutch in the Levant: Trade and Travel in the Seventeenth Century”. BELLETEN, c. 75, sy 273, Ağustos 2011, ss. 373-86, doi:10.37879/belleten.2011.373.
Vancouver
1.Himmet Umunç. The Dutch in the Levant: Trade and Travel in the Seventeenth Century. TTK BELLETEN. 01 Ağustos 2011;75(273):373-86. doi:10.37879/belleten.2011.373