Lozan Konferansı'nda Ermeni Meselesi: İtilaf Devletlerinin Diplomatik Manevraları ve Türkiye'nin Karşı Siyaseti

Yıl 2005, , 267 - 284, 20.04.2005

Mustafa Sıtkı Bilgin

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2005.267

Öz

Genelde azınlıklar ve özelde Ermeni meselesi, son iki yüzyıllık döneminde,
Osmanlı Devleti'ni en çok uğraştıran iç ve dış sorunlardan biri olarak
tarihte yerini almıştı. Zira, bu meseleyi bahane ederek Osmanlı Devleti'nin
iç ve dışişlerine müdahale eden Avrupa devletleri azınlık halklarını kışkırtmak
suretiyle son Türk imparatorluğunun dağılmasına sebep olmuşlardı.
Yine aynı konu Türk Heyetinin Lozan Konferansı görüşmelerinde karşılaştığı
en çetrefilli konulardan biri olmuştu. Bu çerçevede Misak-ı Milli sınırları
içersinde Ermenilere bir yurt sağlanması konusu İngiliz Dışişleri Bakanı'nın
tabiriyle Konferansın toplanmasının başlıca amaçlarından birini teşkil etmekteydi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Lozan Konferansı, Ermeni Meselesi, İtilaf Devletleri, Türkiye

The Armenian Question during the Lausanne Conference: The Diplomatic Manoeuvres of Allied Powers and Turkey's Counter Policies

Öz

This article deals with the discussions related to the Armenian Question took place at Lausanne Peace Conference between Turkey and the Allied Powers. It analyses the driving force behind the arguments of the Allied Powers and how Turkey responded to them. As this study shows one of the major topics on the Allied Powers' agenda was the Armenian Issue. During the Conference the Allied Powers came to an agreement that they, in any case, would support the idea of establishment of an 'Armenian home' in Turkey's territories as a result of Armenian good services to the Allies' cause during the Great War. The Allied Powers however failed to provide adequate arguments since the Armenians were only a tiny minority in Turkey and there was no chance of establishing an Armenian home in the Eastern parts of Turkey without outside assistance. Turkey also showed all the historical evidences and numerical statistical data to prove that the Armenians at no time in history had been a majority in Anatolia. Only after Turkey did press her case so strongly the Allied Powers abandoned their false idea of the establishment of a 'National home for the Armenians' in Turkey's territories. This issue hence was solved once and for all during the Lausanne Conference. This study also examines how the Turkish diplomacy was developed regarding the Armenian Question and how the Turkish performance was perceived by the foreign diplomats. This article is based on British, American and Turkish Archival materials and as well as on the secondary sources available both in Turkish and English. This work hence is the major one in this fied and it is going to fill a crucial gap on this subject.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Lausanne Conference, Armenian Question, Allied Powers, Turkey

Kaynakça

• Mustafa Sıtkı Bilgin, 'Anglo-Turkish Relations in the Middle East:British Perceptions, 1945-53' (Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, The University of Birmingham, 2001)
• A.L. Macfie, The Eastern Question, 17744923 (London: Longman, 1989)
• Mustafa Sıtkı Bilgin, 'Atatürk Döneminde Türkiye'nin Orta Doğu Politikası (1923-1938) ' içinde İrak Dosyası (der.) A. Ahmetbeyoğlu ve diğerleri, C.II, (İstanbul, 2003)
• Foreign Office Handbook, Mayıs 1919, FO 373/5......
• Mustafa Sıtkı Bilgin, 'Türk ve İngiliz Belgelerine göre Osmanlı Devleti'nin I. Dünya Savaşı Sırasında Ermenilere Karşı Takip Ettiği Siyaset, (1914-1918)', Ermeni Araştırmaları, Sa.10, Yaz 2003
• Mustafa Sıtkı Bilgin, 'Attitudes of the Great Powers towards the Otoman Armenians up to the Outbreak of the First World War', Review of Armenian Studies, Vol.1, No.4, 2003
• Gül Akyılmaz, 'Osmanlı Devletinde Gayrimüslimlerin Hukuki Statüsü', Ermeni Araştırmaları I. Türkiye Kongresi, C.2, (Ankara: ASAM Ermeni Araştırmaları Enst., 2033) ss.171-188; Kaya, 'Ermeni Sorununun Hukuksal Boyutları', s.77.
• Sir Harry Luke, The Old Turkey & the New: From Byzantium to Ankara (London: Geoffrey Bles, 1955)
• Sir F. Lascelles to Sir Edward Grey, 24 Eylül 1906, British Documents On the Origins of the War, 1898-1914: The Testing of the Entente, 1904-1906, C.3, G.P.Gooch and Harold Temperley (eds.),(Londra, 1928), s.391.
• Reha paria, Belgelerle Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin Uluslar arası Temelleri, Lozan, Montrü: Türkiye'nin Komşularıyla imzaladığı Başlıca Belgeler (Lefkoşe, 1985),
• Foreign Office Report on Armenia and the Caucasus, Eylül 1920, FO 371/4957; Report by Horace Rumbold on Armenian National Home, 16 June 1923, FO 371/9110.
• Hamza Eroğlu, Türk inkılap Tarihi (İstanbul, 1982), ss.226-228.......
• Mustafa Sıtkı Bilgin, 'Soviet-Armenian Collaboration Against Turkey in the Post-Second World War Period, (1945-47)', Review of Armenian Studies, C.II, No.5, 2003
• British Armenian Committee to British Delegation at Lausanne, December 1922, FO 839/12.
• Mark L Bristol to the Secretary of State to Washington, 22 Aralı k 1922, Belge no. 867.00/1609
• Seha L Meray, Lozan Barış Konferansı: Tutanaklar-Belgeler, (İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yay., 1993)
• American Mission, Lausanne to Secretary of State, Washington DC, 6 January 1923
• American Mission, Lausanne, to Secretary of State, Washington DC, (Strictly Confidential), 9 January 1923
• Minutes of the Fourth Meeting of Foreign Ministers at the Quai d'Orsay, (Confidential), 24 March 1922