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Identification of Medical Plants in Hititte Cuneiform Scripts

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 81 Sayı: 291, 305 - 328, 01.08.2017

Serkan Demirel Uğur Çakılcıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2017.305

Öz

This study was made on the plants used for medical purposes in Hititte cuneiform scripts. There are very few medical texts among Hititte cuneiform scripts. In these texts, it is seen that some plants are used in the treatment of diseases together with various religious rituals. These texts, which have the quality of prescription to some extent, indicate the existence of a traditional medicine in the Hititte era. The mentioned plants’ uses in treatment are considered and the connection of these plants to the Anatolian folk medicine today was emphasized. Traditional treatment methods formed as a result of a cultural accumulation. It is possible to see some signs from Anatolia in the 2nd millenium B.C. about the past of the traditional herbal treatment methods which is known to have a long history in Anatolia.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hittite Medicinal Plants Traditional Remedies Cuneiform Texts

Kaynakça

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  • Akun, Ş. “Antalya Köylerinde Halk Doktorluğu, Baytarlığı, Eczacılığı (Folk Medicine, Veterinary and Pharmacy in Antalya Villages)”, Türk Akdeniz, no. 2, 1938, pp. 28-29.
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  • Atik, A. D. - Öztekin, M. - Erkoç, F. “Biyoçeşitlilik ve Türkiye’deki Endemik Bitkilere Örnekler (Examples of biodiversity and endemic plants in Turkey)”, Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, no. 30, 2010, pp. 219-240.
  • Aydınoğlu, G. “Posof ’ta Hastalıkları Tedavi Usulleri (Treatment Procedures for Diseases in Posof)”, Türk Folklor Araştırmaları, no. 231, 1968, pp. 5084-5085.
  • Balcıoğlu, N. R. “Ardahan Havalisinde Halk Hekimliğinin Kullandığı İlaçlar (Medicines Used by the People of Ardahan For Folk Medicine)”, Türk Folklor Araştırmaları, no. 2/26, 1951, pp. 414.
  • Baytop, A. Türkiye’de Botanik Tarihi Araştırmaları(Botanical History Studies in Turkey), Tübitak Yayınları, Ankara 2004.
  • Baytop, T., Türkçe Bitki Adları Sözlüğü (Dictionary of Turkish Plant Names), Türk Dil Kurumları Yayınları, Ankara 2007.
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  • Çakılcıoğlu, U. - Türkoğlu, İ., “Plants Used for Hemorrhoid Treatment in Elazığ Central District”, Acta Horticulturae, no. 826, 2007, no. 89-96.
  • Çakılcıoğlu, U. - Türkoğlu, İ. - Kürşat, M., “Harput (Elazığ) ve Çevresindeki Bazı Bitkilerin Etnobotanik Özellikleri (Ethnobotanical Properties of Some Plants in Harput (Elazığ) and Its Environment)”, Fırat University Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 5/2, 2007, pp. 22-28.
  • Dardano, P., Die hethitischen Tontalfelkataloge aus Hattusa (CTH 276-282), StBoT 47, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2006.
  • Demirel, S., “Hititçe Metinlerde Keten Tohumu na İlişkin Bir Öneri” Gazi Akademik Bakış, no. 10/19, 2016, pp. 161-168.
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  • Erkut, S., “Hititlerde AN.TAH.ŠUMSAR Bitkisi ve Bayramı Üzerine Bir İnceleme (A Study on the Plant and Feast of AN.TAH.ŠUMSAR in Hittites)”, III. Uluslararası Hititoloji Kongresi Bildirileri, (16-27 Eylül 1996, Çorum), 1998, pp. 189-195.
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  • Kaval İ., Behçet, L., Çakılcıoğlu, U., “Ethnobotanical Study on Medicinal Plants in Geçitli and its Surrounding (Hakkari-Turkey)”, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, no. 155/1, 2014, pp. 171-184.
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Hititçe Çivi Yazılı Metinlerde Geçen Tıbbi Bitkilerin Tanımlanması

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 81 Sayı: 291, 305 - 328, 01.08.2017

Serkan Demirel Uğur Çakılcıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2017.305

Öz

Bu çalışma Hititçe çivi yazılı metinlerde geçen ve tıbbi amaçlarla kullanılan bitkiler adına yapılmıştır. Hititçe çivi yazılı metinlerde az sayıda tıbbi metin vardır. Bu metinlerde de bazı bitkilerin çeşitli dini ritüeller ile birlikte hastalık tedavisinde kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Belli bir ölçüde reçete niteliği taşıyan bu metinler Hitit çağında geleneksel bir tıbbın var olduğunu göstermektedir. Bahsi geçen bu bitkilerin bugün için var olan geleneksel Anadolu halk tıbbı ile bir bağlantısı olabilir. Geleneksel tedavi yöntemleri kültürel birikimin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkmışlardır. Bitkisel tedavi yöntemleri konusunda uzun bir geçmişe sahip olan günümüz Anadolu halk tıbbında, M.Ö. 2. Binyıldan birtakım işaretler görmek mümkün olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hitit Tıbbi Metinler Geleneksel Tıbbi Çivi Yazılı Metinleri

Kaynakça

  • Akgül, G. - Yılmaz, N. - Celep, A. - Celep, F. - Çakılcıoglu, U. “Ethnobotanical Purposes of Plants Sold By Herbalists and Folk Bazaars in The Center of Cappadocica (Nevsehir, Turkey)”, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, no. 15, 2016, pp. 103-108.
  • Akun, Ş. “Antalya Köylerinde Halk Doktorluğu, Baytarlığı, Eczacılığı (Folk Medicine, Veterinary and Pharmacy in Antalya Villages)”, Türk Akdeniz, no. 2, 1938, pp. 28-29.
  • Alp, S., “Zu den Körperteilnamen im Hethitischen Anatolia”, Anatolia (Anadolu), no. 2, (1957), pp. 1-47.
  • Ataç, A. - Kahya, E. - Şar, S. “Dioscorides’in Materia Medica’sında Tedavide Kullanılan Bazı Tıbbi Bitkilerin Geçmişte ve Günümüzde Kullanımları Açısından Değerlendirilmesi (Evaluation Some Medicinal Plants Used in Medicine in Materia Medica of Dioscorides in Terms of Past and Present Uses), V. Türk Tarihi Kongresi Bildirileri, Ankara 1998, pp. 489-499.
  • Atik, A. D. - Öztekin, M. - Erkoç, F. “Biyoçeşitlilik ve Türkiye’deki Endemik Bitkilere Örnekler (Examples of biodiversity and endemic plants in Turkey)”, Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, no. 30, 2010, pp. 219-240.
  • Aydınoğlu, G. “Posof ’ta Hastalıkları Tedavi Usulleri (Treatment Procedures for Diseases in Posof)”, Türk Folklor Araştırmaları, no. 231, 1968, pp. 5084-5085.
  • Balcıoğlu, N. R. “Ardahan Havalisinde Halk Hekimliğinin Kullandığı İlaçlar (Medicines Used by the People of Ardahan For Folk Medicine)”, Türk Folklor Araştırmaları, no. 2/26, 1951, pp. 414.
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  • Baytop, T., Türkçe Bitki Adları Sözlüğü (Dictionary of Turkish Plant Names), Türk Dil Kurumları Yayınları, Ankara 2007.
  • Beckman, G., “A Hittite Ritual for Depression (CTH 432)”, Tabularia Hethaeorum, Festschrift Košak, Dresdner Beiträge zur Hethitologie, no. 25, 2007, pp. 6981.
  • Bilgin, A., “Osmanlı Döneminde İlaç Yapımında Kullanılan Tıbbi Bitkiler, Osmanlılarda Sağlık (Medical Plants Used in Medicine Production in the Ottoman Period, Health in Ottomans)”, (Eds: Yılmaz, C., and Yılmaz, N.), Biofarma Yayınları, İstanbul 2006.
  • Burde, C., Hethitische Medizinische Texte, StBoT 19, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1974.
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  • Çakılcıoğlu, U. - Türkoğlu, İ., “Plants Used for Hemorrhoid Treatment in Elazığ Central District”, Acta Horticulturae, no. 826, 2007, no. 89-96.
  • Çakılcıoğlu, U. - Türkoğlu, İ. - Kürşat, M., “Harput (Elazığ) ve Çevresindeki Bazı Bitkilerin Etnobotanik Özellikleri (Ethnobotanical Properties of Some Plants in Harput (Elazığ) and Its Environment)”, Fırat University Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 5/2, 2007, pp. 22-28.
  • Dardano, P., Die hethitischen Tontalfelkataloge aus Hattusa (CTH 276-282), StBoT 47, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2006.
  • Demirel, S., “Hititçe Metinlerde Keten Tohumu na İlişkin Bir Öneri” Gazi Akademik Bakış, no. 10/19, 2016, pp. 161-168.
  • Durmuşkahya, C., Öztürk, M., “Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used For The Treatment Of Diabetes in Manisa, Turkey”, Sains Malaysiana, no. 42, 2013, pp. 1431–1438.
  • Erkut, S., “Hititlerde AN.TAH.ŠUMSAR Bitkisi ve Bayramı Üzerine Bir İnceleme (A Study on the Plant and Feast of AN.TAH.ŠUMSAR in Hittites)”, III. Uluslararası Hititoloji Kongresi Bildirileri, (16-27 Eylül 1996, Çorum), 1998, pp. 189-195.
  • Ertuğ, F., “Baharın Müjdecisi: Çiğdem (Crocus) ya da AN.TAH.ŠUMŠAR Hititler Devri Anadolu Florasına Küçük Bir Katkı (Harbinger of Spring: Crocus, Çiğdem or AN.TAH.ŠUMŠAR a Smal Contribution to the Anatolian Flora of the Hittite Period)”, Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, no. 3, 2000, pp. 129-136.
  • Ertem, H., Boğazköy Metinlerine Göre Hititler Devri Anadolu'sunun Florası Florası (According to Bogazköy Texts Flora of Anatolia in Hittites Age), Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi, Ankara 1987.
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  • ______, Hethitisches Wörterbuch, 2. Ergänzungsheft, C. Winter, Heidelberg. 1961.
  • ______, Hethitisches Wörterbuch, 3. Ergänzungsheft, C. Winter, Heidelberg. 1966.
  • Friedrich, J., Kammenhuber, E., Hethitisches Wörterbuch, Band II: E, C. Winter, Heidelberg 1988.
  • Goetze, A., “Hittite Rituals, Incantations, and Description of Festivals”, Ancient Near Eastern Texts, Princeton University Press, pp. 346-361.
  • Günbatan, T., Gürbüz, İ., Özkan, A.M.G., “The Current Status of Ethnopharma- cobotanical Knowledge in Çamlıdere (Ankara, Turkey)”, Turkish Journal of Botany, no. 40, 2016, pp. 241-249.
  • Güneş, S. Karaisalı (Adana) ve Köylerinde Halkın Kullandığı Doğal Bitkilerin Etnobotanik Yönden Araştırılması, (The Ethnobotanical Investigation of the Natural Plants of the People in Karaisalı (Adana) and Their Villages), Niğde Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enst. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Niğde, 2010.
  • Haas, V., Materia Magica et Medica Hethitica, Ein Beitrag zur Heilkunde im Alten Orient, de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2003.
  • Hoffner, H. A., An English-HittiteGlossary, Klincksieck, Paris 1967.
  • Kandal, A. H., Yacoub, H. A., Gerkema, M. P., Swart, J. A. A., “Vanishing Knowledge of Plant Species in the Wadi Allaqi Desert Area of Egypt”. Human Ecology, no. 44/4, 2016, pp. 493-504.
  • Kaval İ., Behçet, L., Çakılcıoğlu, U., “Ethnobotanical Study on Medicinal Plants in Geçitli and its Surrounding (Hakkari-Turkey)”, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, no. 155/1, 2014, pp. 171-184.
  • Kaval İ., Behçet, L., Çakılcıoğlu, U., “Survey of Wild Food Plants for Human Consumption in Geçitli (Hakkari-Turkey)”, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, no. 14/2, 2015, pp. 183-190.
  • Khatun S., Parlak, K.U., Ridvan, P., Cakilcioglu, U., “The Endemic and Rare Plants of Maden (Elazığ) and Their Uses in Traditional Medicine”, Journal of Herbal Medicine, no. 2/3, 2012, pp. 68-75.
  • Koçyiğit, M. - Özhatay, N., “The Wild Edible and Miscellaneous Useful Plants in Yalova Province (Northwest Turkey)”, Journal of Faculty Pharmacy of Istanbul University, no. 40, 2009, pp. 19–29.
  • Laroche, E., “Textes Mythologiques hittites en transcription: Mythologie Anatolienne I”, Revue Hittite en Asianique, no. 23/77, Klincksieck, 1965, pp. 61-178.
  • Mükemre, M. - Behçet, L. - Çakılcıoğlu, U., “Ethnobotanical Study on Medicinal Plants in Villages of Çatak (Van-Turkey)”, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, no. 166, 2015, pp. 361-374.
  • Mükemre, M. - Behçet, L. - Çakılcıoğlu, U., “Survey of Wild Food Plants for Human Consumption in villages of Çatak (Van-Turkey)”, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, no. 15/2, 2016, pp. 183-191.
  • Neu, E., Glossar zu den Althethitischen Ritualtexten, StBoT 26, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1983.
  • Oettinger, N., “Entstehung von Mythos aus Ritual. Das Beispiel des hethitischen Textes CTH 390A”, Offizielle Religion, lokale Kulte und individuelle Religiosität, Münster, Ugarit-Verlag, 1961, pp. 347-356.
  • Özçelikay, G., “A Pilot Study on Rational Drug Use”, Journal of Fac. Pharm Ankara, no. 30/2, 2001, pp. 9-18.
  • Özhatay, N. - Kültür, Ş. - Aslan, S., “Check-list of Additional Taxa to The Supplement Flora of Turkey IV”, Turk Journal Botany, no. 33, 2009, pp. 191-226.
  • Öztelli, C., “Halk Tedavileri (Public Treatment)”, 19 Mayıs - Samsun Halkevi Dergisi, no. 7/66, 1944, p. 39.
  • Paksoy, M. Y. - Selvi, S. - Savran, A. “Ethnopharmacological Survey of Medicinal Plants in Ulukışla (Niğde-Turkey)”, Journal of Herbal Medicine, no. 6, 2016, pp. 42-48.
  • Polat, R. - Çakılcıoğlu, U. - Ertuğ, F. - Satıl, F. “An Evaluation of Ethnobotanical Studies in Eastern Anatolia”, Biological Diversity and Conservation, no. 5, 2012, pp. 23-40.
  • Polat, R. - Çakılcıoğlu U. - Satıl, F., “Traditional Uses of Medicinal Plants in Solhan (Bingöl-Turkey)”, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, no. 148/3, 2013, pp. 951- 963.
  • Polat R. - Satıl, F., “An ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants in Edremit Gulf (Balıkesir-Turkey)”, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, no. 139, 2012, pp. 626-641.
  • Polat R. - Satıl, F. - Çakılcıoğlu, U., “Medicinal Plants and Their Use Properties of Sold in Herbal Market in Bingöl (Turkey) district”, Biological Diversity and Conservation, no. 4/3, 2011, pp. 25-35.
  • Polat R. - Selvi S. - Çakılcıoglu U. - Acar, M., “Investigations of Ethnobotanical Aspect of Wild Plants Sold in Bingöl (Turkey) Local Markets”, Biological Diversity and Conservation, no. 5/3, 2012, pp. 155-161.
  • Polat R. - Çakılcıoglu U. - Ulusan M.D., Paksoy, M.Y., “Survey of Wild Food Plants for Human Consumption in Elazığ (Turkey)”, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, no. 14/1, 2015, pp. 69-75.
  • Puhvel, J., Hittite Etymological Dictionary, Vol. I, Mouton Publischers, Berlin, New York Amsterdam, 1984.
  • ______, Hittite Etymological Dictionary, Vol. II, Mouton Publischers, Berlin, New York 1984.
  • ______, Hittite Etymological Dictionary, Vol. III, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 1991.
  • ______, Hittite Etymological Dictionary, Vol. V, Mouton Publischers, Berlin, New York 2001.
  • Rüster, C. - Neu, E., Hethitisches Zeichenlexikon, Inventar und Interpretation der Keilschriftzeichen aus den Boğazköy-Texten, StBoT, Beiheft 2, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1989.
  • Sargın, S. A., Akçicek, E., Selvi, S., “Anethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used by The Local People of Alaşehir (Manisa) in Turkey”, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, no. 150, 2013, pp. 860–874.
  • von Soden, W., Akkadisches Handwörterbuch, Band I: A-L, Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1965.
  • Starke, F., Untersuchung zur Stammbildung des keilschrift-luwischen Nomens, StBoT 31, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1990.
  • Süel A. - Soysal, O. “A Practical Vocabulary from Ortakoy”, Hittite Studies in Honor of Harry A. Hoffner, Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake, Indiana, 2003, pp. 349-365.
  • Tetik F. - Civelek S. - Cakilcioglu, U., “Traditional Uses of Some Medicinal Plants in Malatya (Turkey)”, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, no. 146, 2013, pp. 331-346.
  • Tischler, J., Hethitisches Handwörterbuch mit dem Wortschatz der Nachbarsprachen, Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 2001.
  • Ugulu, I. - Baslar, S. - Yorek, N. - Doğan, Y., “The Investigation and Quantitative Ethnobotanical Evaluation of Medicinal Plants Used around Izmir Province, Turkey”, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, no. 3/5, 2009, pp. 345–367.
  • Ünal, A., “Hitit Tıbbının Ana Hatları (Main lines of Hittite Medicine)”, Belleten, no. 44/175, 1980, pp. 475-495.
  • ______, Multilinguales Handwörterbuch des Hethitischen/A Concise Multilingual Hittite Dictionary/Hititçe Çok Dilli El Sözlüğü, Vol. I-II, Verlag Dr. Kovač, Hamburg 2007.
  • Yalçın, B. M. - Ünal, M. - Pirdal, H. - Selçuk, Y., “The History Of Medicine in Anatolia - 1st Part”, History of Medicine, no. 20/1, 2016, pp. 33-44.
Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Arkeoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Serkan Demirel Bu kişi benim

Uğur Çakılcıoğlu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 81 Sayı: 291

Kaynak Göster

APA Demirel, S., & Çakılcıoğlu, U. (2017). Identification of Medical Plants in Hititte Cuneiform Scripts. BELLETEN, 81(291), 305-328. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2017.305
AMA Demirel S, Çakılcıoğlu U. Identification of Medical Plants in Hititte Cuneiform Scripts. TTK BELLETEN. Ağustos 2017;81(291):305-328. doi:10.37879/belleten.2017.305
Chicago Demirel, Serkan, ve Uğur Çakılcıoğlu. “Identification of Medical Plants in Hititte Cuneiform Scripts”. BELLETEN 81, sy. 291 (Ağustos 2017): 305-28. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2017.305.
EndNote Demirel S, Çakılcıoğlu U (01 Ağustos 2017) Identification of Medical Plants in Hititte Cuneiform Scripts. BELLETEN 81 291 305–328.
IEEE S. Demirel ve U. Çakılcıoğlu, “Identification of Medical Plants in Hititte Cuneiform Scripts”, TTK BELLETEN, c. 81, sy. 291, ss. 305–328, 2017, doi: 10.37879/belleten.2017.305.
ISNAD Demirel, Serkan - Çakılcıoğlu, Uğur. “Identification of Medical Plants in Hititte Cuneiform Scripts”. BELLETEN 81/291 (Ağustos 2017), 305-328. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2017.305.
JAMA Demirel S, Çakılcıoğlu U. Identification of Medical Plants in Hititte Cuneiform Scripts. TTK BELLETEN. 2017;81:305–328.
MLA Demirel, Serkan ve Uğur Çakılcıoğlu. “Identification of Medical Plants in Hititte Cuneiform Scripts”. BELLETEN, c. 81, sy. 291, 2017, ss. 305-28, doi:10.37879/belleten.2017.305.
Vancouver Demirel S, Çakılcıoğlu U. Identification of Medical Plants in Hititte Cuneiform Scripts. TTK BELLETEN. 2017;81(291):305-28.

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