Lejyon Başhekimi L. Hortensius Paulinus’un Onurlandırılması

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 80 Sayı: 289, 719 - 740, 01.12.2016

Abdurrahman Uzunaslan

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2016.719

Öz

Antiocheia kent sınırları içerisinde 2011 yılında ele geçen ve yaklaşık M. S. 3. yy. başlarına tarihleyebileceğimiz yeni bir yazıtta, emekliliğinin ardından kente yerleştiği düşünülen legio Başhekimi L. Hortensius Paulinus onurlandırmıştır. Onurlandırılan kişinin, kent için oldukça önemli sayılabilecek kamu hizmetlerini başarıyla yürüttüğü anlaşılmaktadır. Legio IIII Flavia Felix ve Legio II Italica’da görev yaptığı anlaşılan şahsın, Doğu’ya hangi legio ve görevle geldiği belli değildir. Söz konusu nedenler arasında, M. S. 2. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru yeniden alevlenen Roma-Parth savaşları ve Septimius Severus’un, Pescennius Niger’e karşı giriştiği iktidar mücadelesi gösterilebilir. Özellikle iç savaşlarda Tuna havzası ve Balkan Yarımadası’nda konuşlanmış legioların çoğu açıkça Septimius Severus tarafını tutmuşlardı. Bunlar arasında Legio IV Flavia Felix ve Legio II Italica’da yer almaktaydı. Yazıttaki sıralama ve içerik, L. Hortensius Paulinus’un Doğu’ya iç savaşlar yüzünden ve büyük ihtimalle Legio II Italica ile birlikte geldiğine işaret etmektedir. Bu durumda L. Hortensius Paulinus Doğu’ya en erken M. S. 193/4 yılından itibaren gelmiş olmalıdır. Marcus Aurelius tarafından kurulan Legio II Italica’nın, tamamıyla İtalya’nın kuzey bölgelerinden toplanan askerlerden oluşması, onun aile kökenlerinin Kuzey İtalya olduğuna güçlü bir kanıt oluşturmaktadır. Belgeyi enteresan kılan diğer bir nokta, yazıtta bahsedilen legio adlarına (IV Flavia Felix ve II Italica), Antiocheia kent sınırları içerisinde ilk kez rastlamış olunmasıdır. Yeni yazıt bir yandan kentte şu ana kadar adları bilinmeyen iki yeni legiona mensup görevlilerin varlığını ortaya koymakta, diğer yandan Byrne-Labarre tarafından 2006 yılında yayımlanan ve C. Flavonius Paullinus Lollianus’a ilişkin yazıttaki tartışmalı noktayı aydınlatmaktadır. Son olarak kentte bulunan yeni belgeler, M.S. 2. yy. sonlarına doğru Doğu’daki iç savaşlara veya Parth seferine katılan hizmet süreleri dolmuş Legio II Italica mensuplarının Antiocheia’ya yerleştirilmiş olabileceğini de göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antiocheia ad Pisidiam, L. Hortensius Paulinus, IV Flavia Felix lejyonu, II Italica lejyonu, Archiatros/Başhekim, Asklepius

The Honouring of the Legio Chief Physician L. Hortensius Paulinus

Öz

An inscription dated to the beginning of the 3rd century AD, and found within the city limits of Antiocheia in 2011, honors the legion Chief Physician L. Hortensius Paulinus, who is believed to have settled in the city following his retirement. According to this inscription, L. Hortensius Paulinus assumed highly important public offices and duties in the city. This person had also served in the legio IV Flavia Felix and Legio II Italica, although the legion with which he first arrived to the East, as well as his exact assignment within these two legions, remain unclear. Possible reasons for his presence in the East might have been the exacerbation of the war between the Roman and Parthia Empires towards the end of the 2nd century AD, or the civil war between Septimius Severus and Pescennius Niger since most of the legions from the Danube Basin and the Balkan Peninsula had sided with Septimius Severus during this civil war, including legio IV Flavia Felix and the Legio II Italica. The chronological order and content of the inscription suggest that L. Hortensius Paulinus had most likely traveled to the East with the legio II Italica due to the civil war; if this was indeed the case, L. Hortensius Paulinus must have arrived to the East in 193/4 AD at the earliest. The fact that the legio II Italica created by Marcus Aurelius was entirely constituted of solders from Northern Italy is strong evidence that L. Hortensius Paulinus and his family were native to this region. Another interesting aspect concerning this document is the fact that it is the first inscription found within Antiocheia mentioning the legions IV Flavia Felix and II Italica. Therefore, this new inscription not only demonstrates the presence of officials belonging to these legions in Antiocheia, but also clarifies a disputed and unclear aspect of the inscription regarding C. Flavonius Paullinus Lollianus published by Byrne-Labarre in 2006. Finally, the new inscriptions found within the city suggest that members of the legio II Italica who participated in civil wars or the Parthian campaign in the East might have settled in Antiocheia at the end of their military service.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antiocheia ad Pisidiam, L. Hortensius Paulinus, IV Flavia Felix lejyonu, II Italica lejyonu, Archiatros/Başhekim, Asklepius

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