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Paleopathological Analysis of the Adult Human Remains from the Kalecik (Urartu) Populations

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 75 Sayı: 272, 1 - 18, 01.04.2011

Hakan Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2011.1

Öz

In this study, the diseases that occur in the skeletons of the adults people in Kalecik have been studied. The disease, which occurs most frequently in the people of Kalecik, is the degenerations in the joints. Other diseases in the society are cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, periostitis, osteomyelitis, calcaneus spur and traumas. When the lesions, found in the skeletons of the people of Kalecik, are evaluated regarding the gender, the similar ratios have been found in the occurrence frequency of lesions in the women and men. However, the trauma origin lesions have only been seen in the women. It has been observed that the lesions, found in the adult people of Kalecik, were the pathologic lesions which generally the environmental factors were efficient.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Paleopathology Van Kalecik Iron Age History

Kaynakça

  • Aufderheide, A.C. ve Rodriguez-Martin, C., 1998, The Cambridge Encylopedia of Human Paleopathology, Cambridge University Press.
  • Baratelle, A.M. and van der Heijde, D., 2008, “Radiographic Imaging End Points in Rheumatoid Arthritis Trials”, Clinical Trials in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis, David M. Reid and Colin G. Miller, (Ed.), 201–222, British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, Springer- Verlag London Limited.
  • Bennike, P., 2008, “Trauma”, R. Pinhasi ve S. Mays (Ed.), 309-329, Advances in Human Palaeopathology, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England.
  • Brickley, M. ve Ives, R., 2006, “Skeletal Manifestatin of Infantile Scurvy”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 129:163-172.
  • Brickley, M. ve Ives, R., 2008, The Bioarchaeology of Metabolic Bone Disease, Academic Pres.
  • Brothwell, D.R. 1981, Digging Up Bones: Excavations, Treatment and Study of Human Skeletal Remains (3rd Edition), British Museum (Natural History) Oxford University Pres, Great Britain.
  • Buikstra, J.E. ve Ubelaker, D., 1994, Standarts for Data Collection from Hu- man Skeletal Remains, Arkansas Archeological Survey Research Series No:44, Arkansas, USA.
  • Chhem, R.K. ve Brothwell, D.R., 2008, Paleoradiology: Imaging Mummies and Fossils, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heildelberg Press.
  • Chundru, U., Liebeskind, A., Seidelmann, F., Fogel, J., Franklin, P. ve Beltran, J., 2008, “Plantar Fasciitis and Calcaneal Spur Formation are Associated with Abductor Digiti Minimi Atrophy on MRI of the Foot”, Skeletal Radiol, 37:505-510.
  • Cornwall, M.W. ve McPoil, T.G., 1999, “Plantar fasciitis: etiology and treatment”, Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 29:756-760.
  • Çavuşoğlu, R. Ve Biber, H., 2005, “Van Kalecik Urartu Gözlem Alanı ve Nekropolü”, Arkeoloji ve Sanat, 120:17-26.
  • Daly, P.J., Kitaoka, H.B. ve Chao, E.Y., “Plantar Fasciotomy for Intractable Plantar Fasciitis: Clinical Results and Biomechanical Evaluation”, Foot & Ankle International, 13:188-195.
  • Dankbar, B., Neugebauer, K., Wunrau, C., Tibesku, C.O., Skwara, A., Pap, T. and Fuchs-Winkelmann, S., 2007, “Hepatocyte Growth Factor Induction of Macrophage Chemoattractant Protein1 and Osteophyte- Inducing Factors in Osteoarthritis”, Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 25, 5:569–577.
  • Demirhan, M. ve Başkır, O., 1999, “Topuk Hastalıklar”, Rıdvan Ege (Ed.), 2. Baskı, Ayak ve Ayak Bileği Sorunları, Ankara, Türkiye Sakatların Re- habilitasyonu Derneği, Türk Hava Kurumu Basımevi, 481-500.
  • Ehlers, M.R. and Leary, E.T., 2008, “Biochemical Markers of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis: Clinical Utility and Practical Considerations”, Clinical Trials in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis, David M. Reid and Colin G. Miller, (Ed.), 151–169, British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, Springer-Verlag London Limited.
  • Exner, S., Bogusch, G. ve Sokiranski, R., 2004, “Cribra Orbitalia Visualized in Computed Tomography”, Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger, 186, 2:169-172.
  • Facchini, F., Rastelli, E. ve Brasili, P., 2004, “Cribra Orbitalia and Cribra Cranii in Roman Skeletal Remains from the Ravenna Area and Rimmi (I-IV Century AD)”, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 142, 2:126- 136.
  • Felson, D.T. and Zhang, Y., 1998,“An Update on the Epidemiology of Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis with a View to Prevention”. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 41, 8:1343–1355.
  • Geusens, P. and Miller, C.G., 2008, Study Design and End Points for Rheumatoid Arthritis Trials, Clinical Trials in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis, David M. Reid and Colin G. Miller, (Ed.), 51–67, British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, Springer-Verlag London Limited.
  • Goodman, A.H. ve Martin, D.L., 2002, “Reconstructing Health Profiles from Skeletal Remains”, The Backbone of History: Health and Nutrition in the Western Hemisphere, Richard H. Steckel ve Jerome C. Rose (Ed.), 11- 60, Cambridge University Pres.
  • Gözlük, P., Yılmaz, H., Yiğit, A., Açıkkol, A., ve Sevim, A., 2003., “Hakkari Erken Demir Çağı İskeletlerinin Paleoantropolojik Açıdan İncelenme- si”, XVIII. Arkeometri Sonuçları Toplantısı, 31–40, Ankara.
  • Grauer A.L., 2008, “Macroscopic Analysis and Data Collection in Palaeopathology”. Advances in Human Palaeopathology, R. Pinhasi and S. Mays (ed.), 57–76, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate
  • Hofmann, M.I., Böni, T. and Rühli, F.j., 2010, Osseous Talocalcaneal Coa- lition in a Medieval Skeleton (ca. 1050 AD), Internatioal Journal of Os- teoarchaeology, 20:623–629.
  • Jones, A. and Doherty, M., 2005, An Atlas of Investigation and Diagnosis Osteoarthritis. Clinical Publishing Oxford, CRC Pres.
  • Judd, S.J., 2010, “Pernicious (Megaloblastic) Anemia”, Blood and Circulatory Disorders Sourcebook, Sandra J. Judd (ed.,), (3thEdition), 165-167, Health Reference Series, USA.
  • Kenneth, A.B. 1993, A Field Guide for Human Skeletal Identifition (2nd Edi- tion), Springfield, Illinois: Charles C.Thomas Publisher, USA.
  • Kimmerle, E.H. ve Baraybar, J.P. 2008, Skeletal Trauma: Identification of Injuries Resulting from Human Rights Abuse and Armed Conflict, Erin H. Kimmerle ve Jose Pablo Baraybar (Ed.), CRC Press.
  • Krogman, W.M. ve İşçan, M.Y. 1986, The Human Skeleton in Forensic Medi- cine (2nd Edition), Springfield, Illinois: Charles C.Thomas Publisher, USA.
  • Lajeunesse, D. and Reboul, P., 2007, “The Role of Bone in the Development of Osteoarthritis”, Bone and Osteoarthritis, Felix Bronner and Mary C. Farach-Carson, (Ed.), 19–40, British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, Springer-Verlag London Limited.
  • Lane, E.N. and Wallace, D.J., 2002, All About Osteoarthritis: The Definitive Resource for Arthritis Patients and Their Families, Birinci Baskı, Oxford University Press, USA.
  • Loth, S.R. ve İşça, M.Y. 1989, Morphological Assessment of Age in the Adult: The Thoracic Region. Age Markers in the Human Skeleton, Springfield Charles C.Thomas Publisher, USA.
  • Mcinnes, I.B. and Sturrock, R.D., 1994. “Clinical Aspects of Rheumatoid Arthritis”, Mechanisms and Models in Rheumatoid Arthritis, B. Henderson, J.C.W. Edward and Pettipher, E.R. (Ed.), 3–24, Academic Pres.
  • Ortner, D.J., 2003, Identifcation of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains. Acedemic Press.
  • Ortner, D.J., 2008, “Differential Diagnosis of Skeletal Lesions in Infectious Disease”, R. Pinhasi ve S. Mays (Ed.), 191-215, Advances in Human Palaeopathology, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate
  • Ortner, D.J. ve Aufderheide, A.C., 1991, Human Paleopathology: Current Syntheses and Future Options, D.J. Ortner ve A.C. Aufderheide (Ed.), Smithsonian Institution Press, USA.
  • Özbek, M., 2007, Dünden Bugüne İnsan, 2. Baskı, İmge Kitapevi.
  • Pinhasi, R ve Mays, S., 2008, Advances in Human Palaeopathology, R.Pinhasi and S. Mays (Ed.), John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England.
  • Roger, K., 2011, “Megablastic Anemias”, The Human Body: Blood Physiology and Circulation, Kara Roger (Ed.), 165-169, Britannica Educational Publishing.
  • Sakai, Y., Matsuyama, Y., Hasegawa, Y., Yoshihara, H., Nakamura, H., Katayama, Y., Imagama,S., Ito, S., Ishigura, N. ve Hamajima, N., 2007, “Association of Gene Polymorphisma with Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Vertebral Osteophyte Formation”, Spina, 32:12:1279-1286.
  • Sevim, A., Pehlevan, C., Açıkkol, A. ve Yılmaz, H., 2002., “Karagündüz Erken Demir Çağ İskeletleri”. XVII. Arkeometri Sonuçları Toplantısı. 37– 48.
  • Sevim, A., Yiğit, A., Kırmızıoğlu, P.G., Durgunlu, Ö. ve Özdemir, S., 2007, “Erzurum/Tetikom Demir Çağı İskeletlerinin Paleoantropolojik Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi”, XXII. Arkeometri Sonuçları Toplantısı, 177-192.
  • Sevim, A., Kırmızıoğlu, P.G., Yiğit, A., Özdemir, S. ve Durgunlu, Ö., 2007, “Erzurum/Güllüdere İskeletlerinin Paleoantropolojik Açıdan Değer- lendirilmesi”, XXII. Arkeometri Sonuçları Toplantısı, 141-160.
  • Stuart-Macadam, P., 1985, “Porotic Hyperostosis: Representative of a Childhood Condition”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 66, 4:391-398.
  • Stuart-Macadam, P., 1987, “Porotic Hyperostosis: New Evidence to Support the Anemi Theory”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 74, 4:521-526.
  • Stuart-Macadam, P., 1989, “Porotic Hyperostosis: Relationship between Orbital and Vault Lesions”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 80, 2:187-193.
  • Stuart-Macadam, P., 1992, “Porotic Hyperostosis: A New Perspective”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 87, 1:39-47.
  • Sullivan, A., 2005, “Prevalence and Etiology of Acquired Anemia in Medieval York, England”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 128, 2:252-272.
  • Şen, B., 1999, “Ayak ve Ayak Bileği İnfeksiyonları”, Rıdvan Ege (Ed.), 2. Baskı, Ayak ve Ayak Bileği Sorunları, Ankara, Türkiye Sakatların Rehabi- litasyonu Derneği, Türk Hava Kurumu Basımevi, 501-519.
  • Tang, P. and Imbriglia, J.E., 2005, “Flexor Tendons and the Mannerfelt Rupture”, Atlas of the Hand Clinics, 10, 231–250.
  • Ubelaker, D.H. 1989, Human Skeletal Remains: Excavation, Analysis, Interpre- tation (2nd Edition), the Manuals on Archeology, Taraxacum, Washing- ton USA.
  • Waldron, T., 2008, Palaeopathology, U.S.A by Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • Walker, P.L., Bathurst, R.R., Richman, R., Gjerdrum, T. ve Andrushko, V.A., 2009, “The Causes of Porotic Hyperostosis and Cribra Orbitalia: A Reappraisal of the Iron-Deficiency-Anemia Hypoyhesis”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 139:109–125.
  • Wapler, U., Cruzbezy, E. ve Schultz, M., 2004, “Is Cribra Orbitalia Synonymous with Anemia? Analysis and Interpretation of Cranial Pathology in Sudan”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 123:333– 339.
  • Weiss, L. and Sweet, S. 2005, “Arthroscopic Synovectomy in Rheumatoid Arthritis”, Atlas of the Hand Clinics, 10, 251–255.
  • Wick, L., Lemcke, G. ve Sturm, M., 2003, “Evidence of Lateglacial and Holocene Climate Chnage and Human Impact on Eastern Anatolia: High Resolution Pollen, Chorcoal, Isotopic and Geochemical Records from the Laminated Sediments of Lake Van, Turkey”, The Holocene, 13, 5:665-675.
  • White, T.D. ve Folkens, P.A., 2005, The Human Bone Manual, Academic Pres.
  • Workshop of European Anthropologists, 1980, “Recommendations for Age and Sex Diagnoses of Skeletons”, Journal of Human Evolution, 9:517– 549.
  • Belleten, C. LXXV, 2
  • Wright, L.E. ve Chew, F., 1998, “Porotic Hyperostosis and Paleoepidemiology: A Forensic Perspective on Anemia Among the Ancient Maya”, American Anthropologist, 100, 4:924-939.
  • Yetkin, H., 1999, Pes Planus (Fleksibl-Rijid veya Spastik) (Gevşek veya Sert Düztabanlık, Rıdvan Ege (Ed.), 207-226, Ayak ve Ayak Bileği Sorunları, Türkiye Sakatların Rehabilitasyonu Derneği, Türk Hava Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Yılmaz, H., Çavuşoğlu, R., Baykara, İ. ve Gökçe, B., 2009, “Van Kalecik (Urartu) Toplumunun Paleoantropolojik Analizi”, XXIV. Arkeometri So- nuçları Toplantısı, T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Yayın No:3173, Kültür Varlıkları ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğü Yayın No:132, Ankara.

Van Kalecik (Urartu) Toplumunun Erişkin Bireylerinin Paleopatolojik Analizi

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 75 Sayı: 272, 1 - 18, 01.04.2011

Hakan Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2011.1

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Kalecik toplumunun erişkin bireylerinin iskeletlerinde görülen hastalıklar incelenmiştir. Kalecik toplumunda en sık rastlanılan hastalık eklemlerde görülen dejenarasyonlardır. Toplulukta görülen diğer rahatsızlıklar cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, periostitis, osteomyelit, calcaneus spur (topuk dikeni) ve travmalardır. Kalecik topluluğunun iskeletlerinde rastlanılmış lezyonların cinsiyetler arasında değerlendirildiğinde kadın ve erkek bireylerde lezyonların görülme sıklıklarında benzer oran tespit edilmiştir. Ancak travma kökenli lezyonlar sadece kadın bireylerde görülmüştür. Kalecik topluluğun erişkin bireylerinde görülen lezyonlar genel olarak çevresel faktörlerin etkin olduğu patolojik lezyonlar olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Paleopatoloji Van Kalecik Demir Çağ Tarih

Kaynakça

  • Aufderheide, A.C. ve Rodriguez-Martin, C., 1998, The Cambridge Encylopedia of Human Paleopathology, Cambridge University Press.
  • Baratelle, A.M. and van der Heijde, D., 2008, “Radiographic Imaging End Points in Rheumatoid Arthritis Trials”, Clinical Trials in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis, David M. Reid and Colin G. Miller, (Ed.), 201–222, British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, Springer- Verlag London Limited.
  • Bennike, P., 2008, “Trauma”, R. Pinhasi ve S. Mays (Ed.), 309-329, Advances in Human Palaeopathology, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England.
  • Brickley, M. ve Ives, R., 2006, “Skeletal Manifestatin of Infantile Scurvy”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 129:163-172.
  • Brickley, M. ve Ives, R., 2008, The Bioarchaeology of Metabolic Bone Disease, Academic Pres.
  • Brothwell, D.R. 1981, Digging Up Bones: Excavations, Treatment and Study of Human Skeletal Remains (3rd Edition), British Museum (Natural History) Oxford University Pres, Great Britain.
  • Buikstra, J.E. ve Ubelaker, D., 1994, Standarts for Data Collection from Hu- man Skeletal Remains, Arkansas Archeological Survey Research Series No:44, Arkansas, USA.
  • Chhem, R.K. ve Brothwell, D.R., 2008, Paleoradiology: Imaging Mummies and Fossils, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heildelberg Press.
  • Chundru, U., Liebeskind, A., Seidelmann, F., Fogel, J., Franklin, P. ve Beltran, J., 2008, “Plantar Fasciitis and Calcaneal Spur Formation are Associated with Abductor Digiti Minimi Atrophy on MRI of the Foot”, Skeletal Radiol, 37:505-510.
  • Cornwall, M.W. ve McPoil, T.G., 1999, “Plantar fasciitis: etiology and treatment”, Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 29:756-760.
  • Çavuşoğlu, R. Ve Biber, H., 2005, “Van Kalecik Urartu Gözlem Alanı ve Nekropolü”, Arkeoloji ve Sanat, 120:17-26.
  • Daly, P.J., Kitaoka, H.B. ve Chao, E.Y., “Plantar Fasciotomy for Intractable Plantar Fasciitis: Clinical Results and Biomechanical Evaluation”, Foot & Ankle International, 13:188-195.
  • Dankbar, B., Neugebauer, K., Wunrau, C., Tibesku, C.O., Skwara, A., Pap, T. and Fuchs-Winkelmann, S., 2007, “Hepatocyte Growth Factor Induction of Macrophage Chemoattractant Protein1 and Osteophyte- Inducing Factors in Osteoarthritis”, Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 25, 5:569–577.
  • Demirhan, M. ve Başkır, O., 1999, “Topuk Hastalıklar”, Rıdvan Ege (Ed.), 2. Baskı, Ayak ve Ayak Bileği Sorunları, Ankara, Türkiye Sakatların Re- habilitasyonu Derneği, Türk Hava Kurumu Basımevi, 481-500.
  • Ehlers, M.R. and Leary, E.T., 2008, “Biochemical Markers of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis: Clinical Utility and Practical Considerations”, Clinical Trials in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis, David M. Reid and Colin G. Miller, (Ed.), 151–169, British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, Springer-Verlag London Limited.
  • Exner, S., Bogusch, G. ve Sokiranski, R., 2004, “Cribra Orbitalia Visualized in Computed Tomography”, Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger, 186, 2:169-172.
  • Facchini, F., Rastelli, E. ve Brasili, P., 2004, “Cribra Orbitalia and Cribra Cranii in Roman Skeletal Remains from the Ravenna Area and Rimmi (I-IV Century AD)”, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 142, 2:126- 136.
  • Felson, D.T. and Zhang, Y., 1998,“An Update on the Epidemiology of Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis with a View to Prevention”. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 41, 8:1343–1355.
  • Geusens, P. and Miller, C.G., 2008, Study Design and End Points for Rheumatoid Arthritis Trials, Clinical Trials in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis, David M. Reid and Colin G. Miller, (Ed.), 51–67, British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, Springer-Verlag London Limited.
  • Goodman, A.H. ve Martin, D.L., 2002, “Reconstructing Health Profiles from Skeletal Remains”, The Backbone of History: Health and Nutrition in the Western Hemisphere, Richard H. Steckel ve Jerome C. Rose (Ed.), 11- 60, Cambridge University Pres.
  • Gözlük, P., Yılmaz, H., Yiğit, A., Açıkkol, A., ve Sevim, A., 2003., “Hakkari Erken Demir Çağı İskeletlerinin Paleoantropolojik Açıdan İncelenme- si”, XVIII. Arkeometri Sonuçları Toplantısı, 31–40, Ankara.
  • Grauer A.L., 2008, “Macroscopic Analysis and Data Collection in Palaeopathology”. Advances in Human Palaeopathology, R. Pinhasi and S. Mays (ed.), 57–76, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate
  • Hofmann, M.I., Böni, T. and Rühli, F.j., 2010, Osseous Talocalcaneal Coa- lition in a Medieval Skeleton (ca. 1050 AD), Internatioal Journal of Os- teoarchaeology, 20:623–629.
  • Jones, A. and Doherty, M., 2005, An Atlas of Investigation and Diagnosis Osteoarthritis. Clinical Publishing Oxford, CRC Pres.
  • Judd, S.J., 2010, “Pernicious (Megaloblastic) Anemia”, Blood and Circulatory Disorders Sourcebook, Sandra J. Judd (ed.,), (3thEdition), 165-167, Health Reference Series, USA.
  • Kenneth, A.B. 1993, A Field Guide for Human Skeletal Identifition (2nd Edi- tion), Springfield, Illinois: Charles C.Thomas Publisher, USA.
  • Kimmerle, E.H. ve Baraybar, J.P. 2008, Skeletal Trauma: Identification of Injuries Resulting from Human Rights Abuse and Armed Conflict, Erin H. Kimmerle ve Jose Pablo Baraybar (Ed.), CRC Press.
  • Krogman, W.M. ve İşçan, M.Y. 1986, The Human Skeleton in Forensic Medi- cine (2nd Edition), Springfield, Illinois: Charles C.Thomas Publisher, USA.
  • Lajeunesse, D. and Reboul, P., 2007, “The Role of Bone in the Development of Osteoarthritis”, Bone and Osteoarthritis, Felix Bronner and Mary C. Farach-Carson, (Ed.), 19–40, British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data, Springer-Verlag London Limited.
  • Lane, E.N. and Wallace, D.J., 2002, All About Osteoarthritis: The Definitive Resource for Arthritis Patients and Their Families, Birinci Baskı, Oxford University Press, USA.
  • Loth, S.R. ve İşça, M.Y. 1989, Morphological Assessment of Age in the Adult: The Thoracic Region. Age Markers in the Human Skeleton, Springfield Charles C.Thomas Publisher, USA.
  • Mcinnes, I.B. and Sturrock, R.D., 1994. “Clinical Aspects of Rheumatoid Arthritis”, Mechanisms and Models in Rheumatoid Arthritis, B. Henderson, J.C.W. Edward and Pettipher, E.R. (Ed.), 3–24, Academic Pres.
  • Ortner, D.J., 2003, Identifcation of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains. Acedemic Press.
  • Ortner, D.J., 2008, “Differential Diagnosis of Skeletal Lesions in Infectious Disease”, R. Pinhasi ve S. Mays (Ed.), 191-215, Advances in Human Palaeopathology, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate
  • Ortner, D.J. ve Aufderheide, A.C., 1991, Human Paleopathology: Current Syntheses and Future Options, D.J. Ortner ve A.C. Aufderheide (Ed.), Smithsonian Institution Press, USA.
  • Özbek, M., 2007, Dünden Bugüne İnsan, 2. Baskı, İmge Kitapevi.
  • Pinhasi, R ve Mays, S., 2008, Advances in Human Palaeopathology, R.Pinhasi and S. Mays (Ed.), John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England.
  • Roger, K., 2011, “Megablastic Anemias”, The Human Body: Blood Physiology and Circulation, Kara Roger (Ed.), 165-169, Britannica Educational Publishing.
  • Sakai, Y., Matsuyama, Y., Hasegawa, Y., Yoshihara, H., Nakamura, H., Katayama, Y., Imagama,S., Ito, S., Ishigura, N. ve Hamajima, N., 2007, “Association of Gene Polymorphisma with Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Vertebral Osteophyte Formation”, Spina, 32:12:1279-1286.
  • Sevim, A., Pehlevan, C., Açıkkol, A. ve Yılmaz, H., 2002., “Karagündüz Erken Demir Çağ İskeletleri”. XVII. Arkeometri Sonuçları Toplantısı. 37– 48.
  • Sevim, A., Yiğit, A., Kırmızıoğlu, P.G., Durgunlu, Ö. ve Özdemir, S., 2007, “Erzurum/Tetikom Demir Çağı İskeletlerinin Paleoantropolojik Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi”, XXII. Arkeometri Sonuçları Toplantısı, 177-192.
  • Sevim, A., Kırmızıoğlu, P.G., Yiğit, A., Özdemir, S. ve Durgunlu, Ö., 2007, “Erzurum/Güllüdere İskeletlerinin Paleoantropolojik Açıdan Değer- lendirilmesi”, XXII. Arkeometri Sonuçları Toplantısı, 141-160.
  • Stuart-Macadam, P., 1985, “Porotic Hyperostosis: Representative of a Childhood Condition”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 66, 4:391-398.
  • Stuart-Macadam, P., 1987, “Porotic Hyperostosis: New Evidence to Support the Anemi Theory”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 74, 4:521-526.
  • Stuart-Macadam, P., 1989, “Porotic Hyperostosis: Relationship between Orbital and Vault Lesions”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 80, 2:187-193.
  • Stuart-Macadam, P., 1992, “Porotic Hyperostosis: A New Perspective”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 87, 1:39-47.
  • Sullivan, A., 2005, “Prevalence and Etiology of Acquired Anemia in Medieval York, England”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 128, 2:252-272.
  • Şen, B., 1999, “Ayak ve Ayak Bileği İnfeksiyonları”, Rıdvan Ege (Ed.), 2. Baskı, Ayak ve Ayak Bileği Sorunları, Ankara, Türkiye Sakatların Rehabi- litasyonu Derneği, Türk Hava Kurumu Basımevi, 501-519.
  • Tang, P. and Imbriglia, J.E., 2005, “Flexor Tendons and the Mannerfelt Rupture”, Atlas of the Hand Clinics, 10, 231–250.
  • Ubelaker, D.H. 1989, Human Skeletal Remains: Excavation, Analysis, Interpre- tation (2nd Edition), the Manuals on Archeology, Taraxacum, Washing- ton USA.
  • Waldron, T., 2008, Palaeopathology, U.S.A by Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • Walker, P.L., Bathurst, R.R., Richman, R., Gjerdrum, T. ve Andrushko, V.A., 2009, “The Causes of Porotic Hyperostosis and Cribra Orbitalia: A Reappraisal of the Iron-Deficiency-Anemia Hypoyhesis”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 139:109–125.
  • Wapler, U., Cruzbezy, E. ve Schultz, M., 2004, “Is Cribra Orbitalia Synonymous with Anemia? Analysis and Interpretation of Cranial Pathology in Sudan”, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 123:333– 339.
  • Weiss, L. and Sweet, S. 2005, “Arthroscopic Synovectomy in Rheumatoid Arthritis”, Atlas of the Hand Clinics, 10, 251–255.
  • Wick, L., Lemcke, G. ve Sturm, M., 2003, “Evidence of Lateglacial and Holocene Climate Chnage and Human Impact on Eastern Anatolia: High Resolution Pollen, Chorcoal, Isotopic and Geochemical Records from the Laminated Sediments of Lake Van, Turkey”, The Holocene, 13, 5:665-675.
  • White, T.D. ve Folkens, P.A., 2005, The Human Bone Manual, Academic Pres.
  • Workshop of European Anthropologists, 1980, “Recommendations for Age and Sex Diagnoses of Skeletons”, Journal of Human Evolution, 9:517– 549.
  • Belleten, C. LXXV, 2
  • Wright, L.E. ve Chew, F., 1998, “Porotic Hyperostosis and Paleoepidemiology: A Forensic Perspective on Anemia Among the Ancient Maya”, American Anthropologist, 100, 4:924-939.
  • Yetkin, H., 1999, Pes Planus (Fleksibl-Rijid veya Spastik) (Gevşek veya Sert Düztabanlık, Rıdvan Ege (Ed.), 207-226, Ayak ve Ayak Bileği Sorunları, Türkiye Sakatların Rehabilitasyonu Derneği, Türk Hava Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Yılmaz, H., Çavuşoğlu, R., Baykara, İ. ve Gökçe, B., 2009, “Van Kalecik (Urartu) Toplumunun Paleoantropolojik Analizi”, XXIV. Arkeometri So- nuçları Toplantısı, T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Yayın No:3173, Kültür Varlıkları ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğü Yayın No:132, Ankara.
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Arkeoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Hakan Yılmaz Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2011 Cilt: 75 Sayı: 272

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, H. (2011). Van Kalecik (Urartu) Toplumunun Erişkin Bireylerinin Paleopatolojik Analizi. BELLETEN, 75(272), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2011.1
AMA Yılmaz H. Van Kalecik (Urartu) Toplumunun Erişkin Bireylerinin Paleopatolojik Analizi. TTK BELLETEN. Nisan 2011;75(272):1-18. doi:10.37879/belleten.2011.1
Chicago Yılmaz, Hakan. “Van Kalecik (Urartu) Toplumunun Erişkin Bireylerinin Paleopatolojik Analizi”. BELLETEN 75, sy. 272 (Nisan 2011): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2011.1.
EndNote Yılmaz H (01 Nisan 2011) Van Kalecik (Urartu) Toplumunun Erişkin Bireylerinin Paleopatolojik Analizi. BELLETEN 75 272 1–18.
IEEE H. Yılmaz, “Van Kalecik (Urartu) Toplumunun Erişkin Bireylerinin Paleopatolojik Analizi”, TTK BELLETEN, c. 75, sy. 272, ss. 1–18, 2011, doi: 10.37879/belleten.2011.1.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Hakan. “Van Kalecik (Urartu) Toplumunun Erişkin Bireylerinin Paleopatolojik Analizi”. BELLETEN 75/272 (Nisan 2011), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2011.1.
JAMA Yılmaz H. Van Kalecik (Urartu) Toplumunun Erişkin Bireylerinin Paleopatolojik Analizi. TTK BELLETEN. 2011;75:1–18.
MLA Yılmaz, Hakan. “Van Kalecik (Urartu) Toplumunun Erişkin Bireylerinin Paleopatolojik Analizi”. BELLETEN, c. 75, sy. 272, 2011, ss. 1-18, doi:10.37879/belleten.2011.1.
Vancouver Yılmaz H. Van Kalecik (Urartu) Toplumunun Erişkin Bireylerinin Paleopatolojik Analizi. TTK BELLETEN. 2011;75(272):1-18.

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