Büyük Menderes Havzasında Prehistorik Yerleşim Dokusu

Yıl 2002, Cilt: 66 Sayı: 245, 1 - 34, 01.04.2002

Engin Akdeniz

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2002.1

Öz

Ege Bölgesi’nin en uzun akarsuyu olan Büyük Menderes Irmağı, Dinar-Sandıklı arasındaki dağlık arazide doğar. Burada bulunan kaynak kollarından biri Dinar’ın hemen kuzeydoğusundaki kireç taşı dikliklerinde yer alan karstik kökenli Antik Çağ’ın ünlü Marsyas kaynağından doğan koldur. Marsyas kaynağı çoğu zaman Büyük Menderes’in başlangıcı sayılır. Daha uzun olan ikinci kol ise Sandıklı Ovası’nı çeviren yüksek dağlardan inen derelerin birleşmesinden oluşur. Çivril Ovası’na kavuşan bu ikinci kol Büyük Menderes adını alır. Bir süre aynı ovanın ekseni doğrultusunda aktıktan sonra Çal’da keskin bir dirsek yaparak batıya döner ve üçüncü bir kaynak olan Banaz Çayı ile birleşir. Günümüzde bu birleşme Banaz Çayı olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Büyük Menderes daha güneyde Sarayköy yakınlarında kendi adını taşıyan çöküntü ovasına girer. Honaz Dağı eteklerini izleyerek gelen Aksu Çayı’nı da aldıktan sonra genellikle ovanın güney kenarına yakın ve yaklaşık 200 km. uzunluğunda bir çığır izler. Dandalas Çayı’na Morsynos ek olarak Menteşe yöresi dağlarından gelen Akçay Harpasos ve Çine Çayları Marsyas da sularını Büyük Menderes Irmağı’na boşaltır. Bu akarsular dışında havzada sularını Büyük Menderes Irmağı’na boşaltan 50’den fazla akarsu, dere ve çay vardır(1).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Büyük Menderes Havzası, Prehistorik Yerleşim, Ege Bölgesi, Arkeoloji, Batı Anadolu

The Fabric of a Prehistoric Settlement in the Büyük Menderes River Basin

Öz

Meander Valley is located in southwestern Anatolia, starting at the Dinar-Sandıklı region (Upper Meander Valley), it extends towards to the Aegean sea shore (Upper Meander Valley). Within the Meander Valley, prehistoric settlement of the different periods have been found. The various types of evidence belong to the very early cultural periods. The earliest cultural remains at Meander Valley are the pictures on rocks which were determined at Beşparmak Mountains. The first actual settling began in the Late Neolithic Period. However, the cultural structure of that period still keeps it uncertainty. This uncertainty lasted until the Late Chalcolithic Period. It can be said that, in the Late Chalcolithic Period when 30 settlements were documented, the Valley people got rid of migration to a large extent and established commercial relationships with other regions. In the Early Bronze Age I, which had been reached without any cultural deficiencies, there was a decrease of the number of settlements. The physical remains were of rather high quality. It's possible to name the culture of this period as "The Early Bronze Age I Culture of Meander Valley". Beycesultan, Kusura and Aphrodisias can each be described as subcultures of this culture. The number of settlements in the Early Bronze Age II increased to 81. There is a quality increase and a variety of the findings. As it happened widely in West Anatolia, this period ended with a great disaster in the Valley as well. In the Early Bronze Age III, on the other hand, the number of settlements decreased by half. In addition to this, the physical elements of culture began a distinct process. In The Middle Bronze Age, when settlements were determined in 42 centres, settlements which can be named as City States started to come into being in Anatolia and the mainland of Greece. Beycesultan is this kind of a settlement. In this period, the Valley had very intimate relationships with whether the Central Anatolia or Crete. In the Late Bronze Age, The cultural structure of the Valley faced great changes, and local culture groups increasingly came into being. The number of settlements increased to 56. At the upper parts of the Valley, the Hittite influence, and at the lower parts, the Mycenaeans influence is perceived. It is possible that part of the countries of Ahhiyawa and Arzawa, which were mentioned in Hittite texts, has been located in the Valley.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Büyük Menderes River Basin, Prehistoric Settlement, Aegean Region, Archaeology, Western Anatolia

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