İlk Tunç Çağı Çanak-Çömlek Üretiminde Uzmanlaşma: Güneybatı Kapadokya’nın Uzmanlaşmış Üretim Örgütlenmesine İlişkin Yorumlar

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 84 Sayı: 300, 459 - 502, 21.08.2020

Abdullah Hacar

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2020.459

Öz

Kapadokya’da mesleki uzmanlaşma Paleolitiğin son evrelerinden itibaren görülmektedir. Hammadde kaynaklarına ulaşılabilirlik nedeniyle gelişen bu sıradışı erken dönem örnekler dışında iş bölümü ve tam zamanlı uzmanlaşmanın, ekonomik ve politik örgütlenmede görülen gelişmelerle bağlantılı olarak, aslında İlk Tunç Çağı’nda oluştuğu anlaşılmaktadır. Anadolu genelinde elde edilmiş çanak çömlek, maden ve mimari buluntular, bu dönemde uzmanlaşmış üretimin ne derecede kurumsallaştığını göstermektedir. Son yıllarda yapılan etnografik ve etnoarkeolojik çalışmalar, arkeolojik materyallerin üretim sürecinde meydana gelen izlerden yola çıkarak, buluntuların ait oldukları uzmanlaşmış üretim modelleri hakkında yeni yorumlar yapılmasına imkan sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, değişik uzman örgütlenme modellerini yansıtabilecek üç farklı çanak çömlek türü değerlendirilmekte, etnografik ve etnoarkeolojik çalışmalarda yapılan yeni çözümlemeler ve tanımlar ışığında, İlk Tunç Çağı’nın uzman üretim örgütlenmesinin niteliğine ilişkin yorumlar yapılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arkeoloji, Tarihöncesi, İlk Tunç Çağı, Mesleki Uzmanlaşma, Uzmanlaşmış Üretim Örgütlenmesi

Specialization in Early Bronze Age Pottery Production: Interpretations on the Organization of the Specialized Production in Southwest Cappadocia

Öz

In Cappadocia, craft specialization has been observed from the end of the Paleolithic. Apart from such extraordinary early examples, which probably developed due to the local availability of raw materials, it is understood that division of labor and fulltime specialization actually occurred during the Early Bronze Age, in connection with developments in economic and political organization. In this period, pottery, metal and architectural findings throughout Anatolia show that specialized production had become more institutionalized than ever. In this study, three distinctive pottery ware groups are evaluated that reflect the specialized production models of the period. In the analysis of these ceramics, it is understood that each group reflects different production models. In this study, the nature of the organization of specialized production in the Early Bronze Age will be interpreted in light of new definitions and analysis in ethnographic and ethnoarchaeological studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Archaeology, Prehistory, Early Bronze Age, Craft Specialization, the Organization of Specialized Production

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