Yahudi Âlimlerin Gözüyle Matbaanın İcadı ve Matbaada Basılan Metinlerin Hükmü

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 84 Sayı: 300, 559 - 584, 21.08.2020

Yasin Meral

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2020.559

Öz

Matbaanın icadı, kitabın tarihinde çok önemli bir dönüm noktasıdır. Matbaa, başta Avrupa’daki Yahudiler olmak üzere Yahudi dünyasında da çok önemli değişimler yaratmıştır. Bu makalede matbaanın icadının Yahudi ilim adamları tarafından nasıl karşılandığı ele alınacaktır. Bu çerçevede, Yahudi dinî literatüründe matbaanın icadını Yahudilere nispet eden anlatımlar, Yahudilerin matbaaya atfettikleri önem ve kutsal metinlerin matbaa baskılarının ritüellerde kullanımına dair başlıklar irdelenecektir. Makalenin ana konusunu matbaada basılan dinî metinlerin Yahudi dinî hukukuna göre kaşer (caiz) olup olmadığı oluşturmaktadır. Bu tartışmaların incelenmesi sırasında matbaanın icat edildiği asır ve hemen sonraki asırlarda Yahudi âlimler tarafından konuyla ilgili verilen fetvalar araştırmamızın temel kaynaklarını oluşturmaktadır. Böylelikle okurlar, birinci elden kaynaklarla, o dönemdeki fetvaların içeriği ve Yahudiler arasındaki tartışmanın boyutlarını görmüş olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Matbaa, Sefer Tora, Tefilin, Mezuza, Get, Kaşer, baskı, yazı, Yahudi

The Invention of the Printing through the Eyes of Jewish Scholars and Responsas on the Books Printed in Printing Houses

Öz

The invention of the printing press is a very important turning point in the history of the book. The printing house has created significant changes in the Jewish world, especially in Europe. In this article, how the invention of the printing press is met by Jewish scholars will be discussed. In this context, the issues such as narratives that attribute the invention of the printing to the Jews in the Jewish religious literature, the importance attributed to the printing press by the Jews and ritual use of the books printed in printing houses will be examined. The main subject of the article is whether the religious texts printed in the printing press are ritually kosher according to Jewish religious law. During the examination of these debates, the responsas given by the Jewish scholars on the subject during the centuries when the printing house was invented and the next centuries are the main sources of our research. In this way, readers will have seen, via first-hand sources, the content of responsas in that period and the extent of the debate among the Jews.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Printing House, Sefer Tora, Tefillin, Mezuza, Get, Kasher, printing, script, Jew

Kaynakça

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