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Mîrzâ Tâki Hân (Emîr Kebîr) ve Reformları (1848 - 1851)

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 77 Sayı: 278, 151 - 182, 01.04.2013
https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2013.151

Öz

19. yüzyıldaki İran modernleşme hareketlerinin en önemli siması olan Mirza Tâki Han ya da yaygın olarak bilinen adıyla Emir Kebir, yaklaşık üç yıl süren sadrazamlığı boyunca Osmanlı Devleti'ndeki II. Mahmut ve Tanzimat reformlarına benzer şekilde İran'da geniş bir alanda yenilik hareketlerini başlatmış ve bu kısa sürede yaptıklarıyla İran modernleşmesinde etkisi günümüze kadar süren derin izler bırakmıştır. Orta halli bir ailenin çocuğu olarak dünyaya gelen Mirza Tâki Han, elde ettiği başarılarla kısa sürede önemli görevlere gelmiş ve sırasıyla askerî kâtip, büyükelçi, Vezir-i Nizam (Azerbaycan Ordusu Komutanı), Emir-i Nizam (Genel Kurmay Başkanı) ve Şahs-ı Evvel-i İran (Sadrazam) olarak görev yapmıştır. Ayrıca Atabeg ünvanıyla daha sonra tahta çıkacak olan Nasıreddin Mirza'nın hocalığı gibi önemli bir görevi de üstlenmiştir. Sadrazamlığı sırasında elde ettiği güç ve yaptığı yenilikler siyasi rakiplerini, hanedan üyelerini ve İngiltere ve Rusya gibi yabancı devletleri korkutmuş ve bu korku onların Emir Kebir'e karşı ittifak yapmalarına neden olmuştur. Bu ittifak onun önce görevden uzaklaştırılması ve kısa bir süre sonra da öldürülmesine neden olmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • ARŞİV BELGELERİ
  • Public Record Office (İngiltere)
  • Foreign Office (FO) 424/7B, Turco-Persian Boundary Negotiations Part I, 1843- 1844
  • FO 424/7C Turco-Persian Boundary Negotiations Part II, 1844-1845
  • FO 424/7D Turco-Persian Boundary Negotiations Pad III 1845-1852
  • GAZETELER
  • Ruzname-i Vekayi-i İttifakiye, Şomara 1, 5 Rebi'ü'l-Sani 1267
  • The Newyork Times, Persia, 22 October 1852
  • The Newyork Times, The Attempted Regicide in Persia, 8 November 1852
  • The Newyork Times, Persia, 28 October 1852.
  • ANSİKLOPEDİLER
  • The Encyclopedia of Islam Brill, Leiden-Boston 2012
  • Encyclopedia Iranica, Vol. I, London 1982
  • ARAŞTIRMA VE TETKİK ESERLER
  • Ademiyet, Feridun, Emir Kebir ve Iran, İntişarat-ı Harezmi, Tahran 1361.
  • Afkhami, Amir Arsalan, "Defending the Guarded Domain: Epidemics and the Emergence of an International Sanitary Policy in Iran", Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, Vol. XIX No. 1 1990, ss.122-134.
  • Aghaie, Kamran Scot, The Martyrs Of Karbala: Shi'i Symbols and Rituals in Modern Iran, University of Washington Press, Seattle and London 2004
  • Algar, Hamid, Religion and State in Iran 1785-1906: The Role of The Ulama in The Qajar Period, Berkeley-Los Angeles 1969.
  • Algar, Hamid, "Amir Kabir Mirzâ Taqi Khan", Encyclopedia Iranica, Vol. I, No. 9, London 1985, ss. 959-963
  • Amanat, Abbas, "The Downfall of MIrzâ Taqi Khan Amir Kabir and the Problem of Ministerial Authority in Qajar Iran", International Journal of Middle First Studies, Vol. 23, No. 4 (Nov., 1991), ss. 577-599.
  • Amin, Camron Michael, "The Statement of Purpose' of an Early Official Gazette in Qajar Iran, 1851", The Modern Middle East: A Sourcebook for History, Oxford University Press, 2007, ss. 99-100.
  • Arasteh, Reza, "Growth of Modern Education in Iran", Comparative Education Review, Vol. 3, No. 3 (Feb., 1960), ss. 33-40.
  • Aykun, İbrahim, Erzurum Konferansı 1843-1847 ve Osmanlı-İran Hudut Antlaşması, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum 1995.
  • Ayn'üs-Saltana Gahraman Mirza, Ruznâme-i Hatırat-ı Ayn'üs-Saltana, C.2, İntişarat-ı Asatir, Tahran 1995.
  • Azizi Mohammad Hossein, "A Brief History of Smallpox Eradication in Iran", Archives of Iranian Medicine, Volume 13, Number 1, January 2010, ss. 69-73.
  • Azizi Mohammad Hossein, Farzaneh Azizi; "Government-Sponsored Iranian Medical Students Abroad (1811-1935)", Iranian Studies, volume 43, number 3, June 2010, ss. 349-363.
  • Azizi Mohammad Hossein, "The Historical Backgrounds of the Ministry of Health Foundationin Iran" Archives of Iranian Medicine, Volume 10, Number 1, January 2007, ss. 119-123.
  • Bakhash, Shaul, "The Evolution of Qajar Bureacracy: 1779-1879", Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 7, No. 2 (May, 1971), ss. 139-168.
  • Busse H., "Abbâs Mirzâ", Encyclopedia Iranica, Vol. I, London 1982, ss. 79- 84.
  • Cronin, Stephanie, "Building A New Army: Military Reform in Qajar Iran", War and Peace in Qajar Persia, (Edited by Roxane Farmanfarmaian), Taylor & Francis e-Library, London-Newyork 2008.
  • Cronin, Stephanie, "An Experiment in Military Modernization: Constitutionalism, Political Reform and the Iranian Gendarmerie, 1910-1921", Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 32, No. 3 (Jul., 1996), ss. 106-138.
  • Djalili, Muhammed-Rıza, Thierry Kellner, İran'ın Son İki Yüzyıllık Tarihi, (Çev: Reşat Uzmen), Bilge Kültür Sanat, İstanbul 2011.
  • Ekhtiar, Maryam, "Nasir al-Din Shah and the Dar al-Funun: The Evolution of an Institution", Iranian Studies, Volume 34, Numbers 1-4, 2001, ss. 153-163.
  • Elwell-Sutton L.P., Modern Iran, George Routledge & Sons, Ltd, London 1941.
  • Gronke, Monika, Iran: A Short History, (Translated from German by Steven Rendall), Markus Wiener Publishers, Princeton 2008.
  • Haşimi, Muhammed-Sadr, Tarih-i Ceraid ve Matbuat-ı Iran, C.1, İntişarat-ı Kemal, Isfahan 1327.
  • Haşimi, Muhammed —Sadr, Tarih-i Ceraid ve Matbuat-ı Iran, C.4, Çab-ı Çaharrum, İntişarat-ı Kemal, İsfahan 1364.
  • Hizi İsmail Emir, "Yaddaştha-yi Emir Hizi, Hodahafızi ve Baz Gozeşt Be İran, Mirzâ Taki Hân Emir Kebir", Mecelle-i Vehid ( Hatırat), Şomara 18, 1352, ss.79-84.
  • Hoşiftihare, Hadi, "Islahat-ı Kaza-yi Emir Kebir", Tarih-i Pejuheşi, Şomara 24 va 25, 1384, ss.1-12.
  • Issawi, Charles, "The Tabriz-Trabzon Trade, 1830-1900: Rise and Decline of a Route", International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Jan., 1970), ss. 18-27
  • İmami Hoyi Muhammed Taki, "Kanunha-yı Tagziye-i Fikr-i Emir Kebir", Meskuye, Sal 2, Şomara 6, ss.7-16.
  • İpek, Yasin, İran'da Kaçar Türk Hanedanlığı: Babilik ve Bahailik, Ekim Yayınları, İstanbul 2010.
  • Jalali, Muhammad Reza, Melad Reyazipor, Zikrollah Mohammadi, "Nasıreddin ve Emir Kebir ( Tahlil-i Revanşenaht-ı Yek İrtibat)", Fasılname-i İlmi, Pejuheş-i Tarihi, Sal 2, Şomara 7, ss.73-88.
  • Jalali, Muhammad Reza, Zikrollah Mohammadi, Melad Reyazipor, "Macera-yı Katl-i Emir Kebir", Mecelle-i İlmi, Şomara 4, 1387, ss. 111-135.
  • Kadıyani, Abbas, Ferheng-i Camia-yı Tarih-i Iran, İntişarat-ı Arun, C.1, Tehran 1387.
  • Karadeniz, Yılmaz, Kaçar Hanedanı (1795-1925), (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Malatya 2004.
  • Kılıç, Hatice, İran Modernleşme Sürecinde Osmanlı Devleti'nin Rolü, (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul 2006
  • Lang, David M., "Griboedov's Last Years in Persia", American Slavic and East European Review, Vol. 7, No. 4 (Dec., 1948), ss. 317-339
  • Lorentz, John H., "Iran's Great Reformer of the Nineteenth Century: An Analysis of Amir Kabir's Reforms", Iranian Studies, Vol. 4, No. 2/3, Administrative Developments in Qajar Iran (Spring -Summer, 1971), ss. 85-103.
  • Lorentz, John H., Historical Dictionary of Iran, Second Edition, The Scarecrow Press, Inc., Lanham, Maryland ,Toronto, Plymouth, UK 2007.
  • Markham, Clements R., A General Sketch of History of Persia, Longman, Green and Co, London 1874.
  • Martin, Vanessa, Devran-ı Kacar Çanezen-i İtiraz ve Devlet, (Terc: Efsane Monferid), Kitab-ı Ame, Tahran 1389.
  • Metin, Celal, Türk Modernleşmesi ve İran, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Hacettepe Üniversitesi Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü, Ankara 2006.
  • Miri, Rezita, "Nizamiye Der Devran-ı Kaçar", Tarih-i Muasır, Şomara 30, 1383, ss. 341-359.
  • Momen, Moojan, "The Social Basis of the Babi Upheavals in Iran (1848-53): A Preliminary Analysis", International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 15, No. 2 (May, 1983), ss. 157-183.
  • Murselvend, Hasan, "Gurub-ı Emir", Kitaphane-i Esnad, Bahar 1370, Şomara 1, ss. 46-63
  • Rafsancani, Ali Ekber Haşimi, Emir Kebir Ya Gahraman-ı Mubareze Ba İstigmal, Müessese-i İntişarat-ı Ferahani, Tahran 1346.
  • Rahmanyan, Daryuş, "Nigah-ı Ba Seyr-i Endişe-yi Teceddüt Der İran ( Ez Abbas Mirza ta Emir Kebir)", Naşriye-i Danişgede-i Ulum-i İnsani, Danişgah-ı Tebriz, Şomara 16, Payyiz 1383, ss. 55-74.
  • Rashidvash, Vahid, "History of Iran: The Circumstances of Signing Golestan and Turkmanchy Treaties and its Contents", International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 3, No. 1, 2012, ss. 246-261.
  • Ravandi, Murtaza, Tarih-i İctimai Iran, C. 3, İntişarat-ı Nigah, Tahran 1378.
  • Rudolph, Kurt; Mandaeism, Brill, Leiden 1978
  • Sykes, Sir Percy, A History of Persia, Vol.II, Third Edition, London 1930.
  • Şemim, Ali Asgar, Iran Der Devre-yi Saltanat-ı Kacar, C.I, İntişarat-ı Behzad, Tahran 1387.
  • Ward, Steven R, Immortal A Military, History of Iran and Its Armed Forces, Georgetown University Press, Washington D.C. 2009
  • Walbridge, John, "The Babi Uprising in Zanjan: Causes and Issues", Iranian Studies, Vol. 29, No. 3/4 (Summer - Autumn, 1996), ss. 339- 362.
  • Werner, Christoph, "Abbas MIrzâ", The Encyclopedia of Islam Three, Brill, Leiden-Boston 2012, ss.1-3.
  • Zabihi-Moghaddam, Siyamak, "The Babi-State Conflict at Shaykh Tabarsi", Iranian Studies, Vol. 35, No. 1/3 (Winter - Summer, 2002), ss. 87-112.

Mîrza Tâki Khan (Amîr Kabîr) And His Reforms (1848-1851)

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 77 Sayı: 278, 151 - 182, 01.04.2013
https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2013.151

Öz

Mirza Taki Khan or commonly known as Amir Kabir the most important person in Iran's modernization movements in 19th century. During his Grand Vizier which lasted nearly three years, initiated a broadrange of innovative movements in Iran and left deeptraces in the modernization of Iran, which lasted to the present. Although he was born in to a middle-class familly, due to his success he got important tasks. He respectively served as military secretary, delegate, ambassador, Azerbaijani Army Commander (Vazir-e Nezam), Chief of General Staff ( Amir-e Nezam) and Gran Vizier. In addition with the title of Atabeg he served as mentor of Nasıreddin Mirza then became Shah of Iran. The power and success he got during the Grand Vizier frightened his opponents, foreign states such as Britain and Russia and Shah's family. This fear ultimately made their alliance against to him and has initiated primarily the process leading to away from office and after a short time the killing.

Kaynakça

  • ARŞİV BELGELERİ
  • Public Record Office (İngiltere)
  • Foreign Office (FO) 424/7B, Turco-Persian Boundary Negotiations Part I, 1843- 1844
  • FO 424/7C Turco-Persian Boundary Negotiations Part II, 1844-1845
  • FO 424/7D Turco-Persian Boundary Negotiations Pad III 1845-1852
  • GAZETELER
  • Ruzname-i Vekayi-i İttifakiye, Şomara 1, 5 Rebi'ü'l-Sani 1267
  • The Newyork Times, Persia, 22 October 1852
  • The Newyork Times, The Attempted Regicide in Persia, 8 November 1852
  • The Newyork Times, Persia, 28 October 1852.
  • ANSİKLOPEDİLER
  • The Encyclopedia of Islam Brill, Leiden-Boston 2012
  • Encyclopedia Iranica, Vol. I, London 1982
  • ARAŞTIRMA VE TETKİK ESERLER
  • Ademiyet, Feridun, Emir Kebir ve Iran, İntişarat-ı Harezmi, Tahran 1361.
  • Afkhami, Amir Arsalan, "Defending the Guarded Domain: Epidemics and the Emergence of an International Sanitary Policy in Iran", Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, Vol. XIX No. 1 1990, ss.122-134.
  • Aghaie, Kamran Scot, The Martyrs Of Karbala: Shi'i Symbols and Rituals in Modern Iran, University of Washington Press, Seattle and London 2004
  • Algar, Hamid, Religion and State in Iran 1785-1906: The Role of The Ulama in The Qajar Period, Berkeley-Los Angeles 1969.
  • Algar, Hamid, "Amir Kabir Mirzâ Taqi Khan", Encyclopedia Iranica, Vol. I, No. 9, London 1985, ss. 959-963
  • Amanat, Abbas, "The Downfall of MIrzâ Taqi Khan Amir Kabir and the Problem of Ministerial Authority in Qajar Iran", International Journal of Middle First Studies, Vol. 23, No. 4 (Nov., 1991), ss. 577-599.
  • Amin, Camron Michael, "The Statement of Purpose' of an Early Official Gazette in Qajar Iran, 1851", The Modern Middle East: A Sourcebook for History, Oxford University Press, 2007, ss. 99-100.
  • Arasteh, Reza, "Growth of Modern Education in Iran", Comparative Education Review, Vol. 3, No. 3 (Feb., 1960), ss. 33-40.
  • Aykun, İbrahim, Erzurum Konferansı 1843-1847 ve Osmanlı-İran Hudut Antlaşması, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum 1995.
  • Ayn'üs-Saltana Gahraman Mirza, Ruznâme-i Hatırat-ı Ayn'üs-Saltana, C.2, İntişarat-ı Asatir, Tahran 1995.
  • Azizi Mohammad Hossein, "A Brief History of Smallpox Eradication in Iran", Archives of Iranian Medicine, Volume 13, Number 1, January 2010, ss. 69-73.
  • Azizi Mohammad Hossein, Farzaneh Azizi; "Government-Sponsored Iranian Medical Students Abroad (1811-1935)", Iranian Studies, volume 43, number 3, June 2010, ss. 349-363.
  • Azizi Mohammad Hossein, "The Historical Backgrounds of the Ministry of Health Foundationin Iran" Archives of Iranian Medicine, Volume 10, Number 1, January 2007, ss. 119-123.
  • Bakhash, Shaul, "The Evolution of Qajar Bureacracy: 1779-1879", Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 7, No. 2 (May, 1971), ss. 139-168.
  • Busse H., "Abbâs Mirzâ", Encyclopedia Iranica, Vol. I, London 1982, ss. 79- 84.
  • Cronin, Stephanie, "Building A New Army: Military Reform in Qajar Iran", War and Peace in Qajar Persia, (Edited by Roxane Farmanfarmaian), Taylor & Francis e-Library, London-Newyork 2008.
  • Cronin, Stephanie, "An Experiment in Military Modernization: Constitutionalism, Political Reform and the Iranian Gendarmerie, 1910-1921", Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 32, No. 3 (Jul., 1996), ss. 106-138.
  • Djalili, Muhammed-Rıza, Thierry Kellner, İran'ın Son İki Yüzyıllık Tarihi, (Çev: Reşat Uzmen), Bilge Kültür Sanat, İstanbul 2011.
  • Ekhtiar, Maryam, "Nasir al-Din Shah and the Dar al-Funun: The Evolution of an Institution", Iranian Studies, Volume 34, Numbers 1-4, 2001, ss. 153-163.
  • Elwell-Sutton L.P., Modern Iran, George Routledge & Sons, Ltd, London 1941.
  • Gronke, Monika, Iran: A Short History, (Translated from German by Steven Rendall), Markus Wiener Publishers, Princeton 2008.
  • Haşimi, Muhammed-Sadr, Tarih-i Ceraid ve Matbuat-ı Iran, C.1, İntişarat-ı Kemal, Isfahan 1327.
  • Haşimi, Muhammed —Sadr, Tarih-i Ceraid ve Matbuat-ı Iran, C.4, Çab-ı Çaharrum, İntişarat-ı Kemal, İsfahan 1364.
  • Hizi İsmail Emir, "Yaddaştha-yi Emir Hizi, Hodahafızi ve Baz Gozeşt Be İran, Mirzâ Taki Hân Emir Kebir", Mecelle-i Vehid ( Hatırat), Şomara 18, 1352, ss.79-84.
  • Hoşiftihare, Hadi, "Islahat-ı Kaza-yi Emir Kebir", Tarih-i Pejuheşi, Şomara 24 va 25, 1384, ss.1-12.
  • Issawi, Charles, "The Tabriz-Trabzon Trade, 1830-1900: Rise and Decline of a Route", International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Jan., 1970), ss. 18-27
  • İmami Hoyi Muhammed Taki, "Kanunha-yı Tagziye-i Fikr-i Emir Kebir", Meskuye, Sal 2, Şomara 6, ss.7-16.
  • İpek, Yasin, İran'da Kaçar Türk Hanedanlığı: Babilik ve Bahailik, Ekim Yayınları, İstanbul 2010.
  • Jalali, Muhammad Reza, Melad Reyazipor, Zikrollah Mohammadi, "Nasıreddin ve Emir Kebir ( Tahlil-i Revanşenaht-ı Yek İrtibat)", Fasılname-i İlmi, Pejuheş-i Tarihi, Sal 2, Şomara 7, ss.73-88.
  • Jalali, Muhammad Reza, Zikrollah Mohammadi, Melad Reyazipor, "Macera-yı Katl-i Emir Kebir", Mecelle-i İlmi, Şomara 4, 1387, ss. 111-135.
  • Kadıyani, Abbas, Ferheng-i Camia-yı Tarih-i Iran, İntişarat-ı Arun, C.1, Tehran 1387.
  • Karadeniz, Yılmaz, Kaçar Hanedanı (1795-1925), (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Malatya 2004.
  • Kılıç, Hatice, İran Modernleşme Sürecinde Osmanlı Devleti'nin Rolü, (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul 2006
  • Lang, David M., "Griboedov's Last Years in Persia", American Slavic and East European Review, Vol. 7, No. 4 (Dec., 1948), ss. 317-339
  • Lorentz, John H., "Iran's Great Reformer of the Nineteenth Century: An Analysis of Amir Kabir's Reforms", Iranian Studies, Vol. 4, No. 2/3, Administrative Developments in Qajar Iran (Spring -Summer, 1971), ss. 85-103.
  • Lorentz, John H., Historical Dictionary of Iran, Second Edition, The Scarecrow Press, Inc., Lanham, Maryland ,Toronto, Plymouth, UK 2007.
  • Markham, Clements R., A General Sketch of History of Persia, Longman, Green and Co, London 1874.
  • Martin, Vanessa, Devran-ı Kacar Çanezen-i İtiraz ve Devlet, (Terc: Efsane Monferid), Kitab-ı Ame, Tahran 1389.
  • Metin, Celal, Türk Modernleşmesi ve İran, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Hacettepe Üniversitesi Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü, Ankara 2006.
  • Miri, Rezita, "Nizamiye Der Devran-ı Kaçar", Tarih-i Muasır, Şomara 30, 1383, ss. 341-359.
  • Momen, Moojan, "The Social Basis of the Babi Upheavals in Iran (1848-53): A Preliminary Analysis", International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 15, No. 2 (May, 1983), ss. 157-183.
  • Murselvend, Hasan, "Gurub-ı Emir", Kitaphane-i Esnad, Bahar 1370, Şomara 1, ss. 46-63
  • Rafsancani, Ali Ekber Haşimi, Emir Kebir Ya Gahraman-ı Mubareze Ba İstigmal, Müessese-i İntişarat-ı Ferahani, Tahran 1346.
  • Rahmanyan, Daryuş, "Nigah-ı Ba Seyr-i Endişe-yi Teceddüt Der İran ( Ez Abbas Mirza ta Emir Kebir)", Naşriye-i Danişgede-i Ulum-i İnsani, Danişgah-ı Tebriz, Şomara 16, Payyiz 1383, ss. 55-74.
  • Rashidvash, Vahid, "History of Iran: The Circumstances of Signing Golestan and Turkmanchy Treaties and its Contents", International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 3, No. 1, 2012, ss. 246-261.
  • Ravandi, Murtaza, Tarih-i İctimai Iran, C. 3, İntişarat-ı Nigah, Tahran 1378.
  • Rudolph, Kurt; Mandaeism, Brill, Leiden 1978
  • Sykes, Sir Percy, A History of Persia, Vol.II, Third Edition, London 1930.
  • Şemim, Ali Asgar, Iran Der Devre-yi Saltanat-ı Kacar, C.I, İntişarat-ı Behzad, Tahran 1387.
  • Ward, Steven R, Immortal A Military, History of Iran and Its Armed Forces, Georgetown University Press, Washington D.C. 2009
  • Walbridge, John, "The Babi Uprising in Zanjan: Causes and Issues", Iranian Studies, Vol. 29, No. 3/4 (Summer - Autumn, 1996), ss. 339- 362.
  • Werner, Christoph, "Abbas MIrzâ", The Encyclopedia of Islam Three, Brill, Leiden-Boston 2012, ss.1-3.
  • Zabihi-Moghaddam, Siyamak, "The Babi-State Conflict at Shaykh Tabarsi", Iranian Studies, Vol. 35, No. 1/3 (Winter - Summer, 2002), ss. 87-112.
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Gökhan Bolat Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 77 Sayı: 278

Kaynak Göster

APA Bolat, G. (2013). Mîrzâ Tâki Hân (Emîr Kebîr) ve Reformları (1848 - 1851). BELLETEN, 77(278), 151-182. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2013.151
AMA Bolat G. Mîrzâ Tâki Hân (Emîr Kebîr) ve Reformları (1848 - 1851). TTK BELLETEN. Nisan 2013;77(278):151-182. doi:10.37879/belleten.2013.151
Chicago Bolat, Gökhan. “Mîrzâ Tâki Hân (Emîr Kebîr) Ve Reformları (1848 - 1851)”. BELLETEN 77, sy. 278 (Nisan 2013): 151-82. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2013.151.
EndNote Bolat G (01 Nisan 2013) Mîrzâ Tâki Hân (Emîr Kebîr) ve Reformları (1848 - 1851). BELLETEN 77 278 151–182.
IEEE G. Bolat, “Mîrzâ Tâki Hân (Emîr Kebîr) ve Reformları (1848 - 1851)”, TTK BELLETEN, c. 77, sy. 278, ss. 151–182, 2013, doi: 10.37879/belleten.2013.151.
ISNAD Bolat, Gökhan. “Mîrzâ Tâki Hân (Emîr Kebîr) Ve Reformları (1848 - 1851)”. BELLETEN 77/278 (Nisan 2013), 151-182. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2013.151.
JAMA Bolat G. Mîrzâ Tâki Hân (Emîr Kebîr) ve Reformları (1848 - 1851). TTK BELLETEN. 2013;77:151–182.
MLA Bolat, Gökhan. “Mîrzâ Tâki Hân (Emîr Kebîr) Ve Reformları (1848 - 1851)”. BELLETEN, c. 77, sy. 278, 2013, ss. 151-82, doi:10.37879/belleten.2013.151.
Vancouver Bolat G. Mîrzâ Tâki Hân (Emîr Kebîr) ve Reformları (1848 - 1851). TTK BELLETEN. 2013;77(278):151-82.