Araştırma Makalesi
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Collection of Avâriz and Nüzul Levies in the Ottoman Empire: A Case Study of the Province of Karaman, 1620-1700

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 69 Sayı: 256, 897 - 912, 20.12.2005
https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2005.897

Öz

The avariz and nüzul levies were among the most important of the regular sources of government revenue in the Ottoman empire during the seventeenth century, but there has been relatively little study of them. Originating in the late fifteenth century as irregular imposts levied at times of military need, it is clear that by the first quarter of the seventeenth century avariz and nüzul had become virtually annual levies throughout the majority of the Rumelian and Anatolian provinces. This article examines the nature of these levies as seen through collection procedures in the province of Karaman in the period 1620 to 1700, showing how the Ottoman financial administration developed this relatively new and lucrative source of income in a consistent and fair manner.

Kaynakça

  • A. Archival documents
  • Avarizhâne Registers in Kamil Kepeci Classification [KK]
  • 2587-1050/1640, 2604-1053/1643, 2623-1065/1655, 2625-1067/1657, 3810-1070/1660, 3354-1074-75/1665, 2651-1080/1670, 2790-1082/1672, 2659-1084/1674, 2665-1086/1676, 3809-1089/1679.
  • Avarizhâne Registers in Maliyeden Müdevver Classifications[MM]
  • 2751-1030/1621, 3862-1038/1628, 3382-1050/1640, 3845-1051/1641, 3074-1051-52/1642, 2808-1055/1645, 3832-1058/1648, 3835-1057-59/1649, 4950-1060/1650, 2780-1061/1651, 1980-1061/1651, 3844-1062/1652, 2989- 1064/1654, 3847-1066/1656, 3850-1067-68/1658, 2998-1068/1658, 2749- 1068/1658, 2653-1080/1670, 7857-1080/1670, 3067-1073-74/1664, 2783- 1075/1665, 3836-1078/1668, 3003-1081/1671, 3834-1081/1671, 2412- 1083/1673, 2505-1085/1675, 3841-1088/1678, 3837-1090/1680, 3830.- 1091/1681, 9480-1096/1686, 2805-1097/1687, 2800-1098/1688, 3839- 1098/1688, 2793-1103/1691, 2471-1104/1692, 2987-1106/1694, 3807- 1108/1696, 3820-1111/1699, 3826-1112/1700
  • B. Studies
  • Barkan, Ömer Lütfi; "Avariz" IA, 2:13-19.
  • Darling, Linda; Revenue-Raising and Legitimacy: Tax Collection and Finance Administration in the Ottoman Empire 1560-1660, New York 1996.
  • Demirci, Süleyman; The Functioning of Ottoman Avâriz Taxation: An Aspect of the Relationship between Centre and Periphery: A Case Study of the Province of Karaman, 1621-1700, Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, University of Durham, Durham/England, 2001.
  • "Complaints about avâriz assessment and payment in the avâriz-tax system: An aspect of the relationship between centre and periphery. A case study of Kayseri,1618-1700",JESHO- Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 46.4 (November 2003): 437-474
  • "Complaints in the Ottoman avâriz-tax system: An aspect of the relationship between centre and periphery. A case study of the Ottoman province of Karaman, 1618-1700 (according to şer'iyye sicilleri)", Paper delivered at BRISMES 2001 annual conference 15th-18th July: The view from the top: State and People in the Middle East, The Universiv of Edinburgh, (Edinburgh, 2001).
  • "Seeking justice: Muslim and non-Muslim in the kadı's court. A case study of Kayseri, 1610s-1690s (according to şer'iyye sicilleri of Kayseri)", paper delivered at an international conference held at the University of Walse Lampeter, 3-6th November 2001: 'Anthropology, archaeology and heritage in the Balkans and Anatolia: the life and times of F W Hasluck (1878-1920), (Lampeter, 2001).
  • Emecen Feridun- Ilhan şahin; Osmanlılarda Divan-Bürokrasi-Ahkam: II. Bayezid Dönemine Ait 906/1501 Tarihli Ahkam Defteri, Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Vakfı, İstanbul, 1994.
  • Faroqhi, Sureyya; "Crisis and Change, 1590-1699", in An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, eds. İnalcık and D. Quataert, Part II (1600-1914): 411-636, Cambridge, 1994.
  • Genç, Mehmet; "XVIII. Yüzyılda Osmanlı Ekonomisi ve Savaş", Yapıt, 4 (1984): 52-61.
  • Güçer, Lütfi; Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Hububat Meselesi ve Hububattan Alınan Vergiler, Istanbul Universitesi Iktisat Fakultesi Yayini, Istanbul, 1964.
  • Gündüz, Ahmet; 27 Numarali Kayseri Şer'iyye Sicili H.1035/36-M.1625/26, Metin Transkripsiyonu ve Değerlendirme, Unpublished MA Thesis, Erciyes University, Institute of Social Sciences, Kayseri, 1995.
  • G.S.P Freeman-Grenville, The Islamic and Christian Calendars AD 622-2222 (AH 1-1650). A complete guide for converting Christian and Islamic dates and dates of festivals, Garnet Publishing, Reading, UK, 1995.
  • İnalcık, Halil; "Military and Fiscal Transformation in the Ottoman Empire, 1600-1700", AO, VI (1980): 283-337.
  • Lütfi Paşa Asafnâmesi (Yeni Bir Metin Tesisi Denemesi), Mübahat Kütükoğlu ed., (İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Araştırmaları Merkezi, Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımı, İstanbul, 1991.
  • McGowan, Bruce; "Osmanli Avariz-nüzul teşekkülü, 1600-1830" in VIII. Türk Tarih Kongresi, 3 volumes, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi, Ankara 1981, vol 2: 1327-31.
  • Economic Life in Ottoman Europe: Taxation, Trade and Struggle for Land, 1600-1800, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
  • Tabakoğlu, Ahmet; Gerileme Dönemine Girerken Osmanli Maliyesi, Dergâh Yayınları, 117;Tarih Dizisi, 10 İstanbul, 1985
Yıl 2005, Cilt: 69 Sayı: 256, 897 - 912, 20.12.2005
https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2005.897

Öz

Kaynakça

  • A. Archival documents
  • Avarizhâne Registers in Kamil Kepeci Classification [KK]
  • 2587-1050/1640, 2604-1053/1643, 2623-1065/1655, 2625-1067/1657, 3810-1070/1660, 3354-1074-75/1665, 2651-1080/1670, 2790-1082/1672, 2659-1084/1674, 2665-1086/1676, 3809-1089/1679.
  • Avarizhâne Registers in Maliyeden Müdevver Classifications[MM]
  • 2751-1030/1621, 3862-1038/1628, 3382-1050/1640, 3845-1051/1641, 3074-1051-52/1642, 2808-1055/1645, 3832-1058/1648, 3835-1057-59/1649, 4950-1060/1650, 2780-1061/1651, 1980-1061/1651, 3844-1062/1652, 2989- 1064/1654, 3847-1066/1656, 3850-1067-68/1658, 2998-1068/1658, 2749- 1068/1658, 2653-1080/1670, 7857-1080/1670, 3067-1073-74/1664, 2783- 1075/1665, 3836-1078/1668, 3003-1081/1671, 3834-1081/1671, 2412- 1083/1673, 2505-1085/1675, 3841-1088/1678, 3837-1090/1680, 3830.- 1091/1681, 9480-1096/1686, 2805-1097/1687, 2800-1098/1688, 3839- 1098/1688, 2793-1103/1691, 2471-1104/1692, 2987-1106/1694, 3807- 1108/1696, 3820-1111/1699, 3826-1112/1700
  • B. Studies
  • Barkan, Ömer Lütfi; "Avariz" IA, 2:13-19.
  • Darling, Linda; Revenue-Raising and Legitimacy: Tax Collection and Finance Administration in the Ottoman Empire 1560-1660, New York 1996.
  • Demirci, Süleyman; The Functioning of Ottoman Avâriz Taxation: An Aspect of the Relationship between Centre and Periphery: A Case Study of the Province of Karaman, 1621-1700, Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, University of Durham, Durham/England, 2001.
  • "Complaints about avâriz assessment and payment in the avâriz-tax system: An aspect of the relationship between centre and periphery. A case study of Kayseri,1618-1700",JESHO- Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 46.4 (November 2003): 437-474
  • "Complaints in the Ottoman avâriz-tax system: An aspect of the relationship between centre and periphery. A case study of the Ottoman province of Karaman, 1618-1700 (according to şer'iyye sicilleri)", Paper delivered at BRISMES 2001 annual conference 15th-18th July: The view from the top: State and People in the Middle East, The Universiv of Edinburgh, (Edinburgh, 2001).
  • "Seeking justice: Muslim and non-Muslim in the kadı's court. A case study of Kayseri, 1610s-1690s (according to şer'iyye sicilleri of Kayseri)", paper delivered at an international conference held at the University of Walse Lampeter, 3-6th November 2001: 'Anthropology, archaeology and heritage in the Balkans and Anatolia: the life and times of F W Hasluck (1878-1920), (Lampeter, 2001).
  • Emecen Feridun- Ilhan şahin; Osmanlılarda Divan-Bürokrasi-Ahkam: II. Bayezid Dönemine Ait 906/1501 Tarihli Ahkam Defteri, Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Vakfı, İstanbul, 1994.
  • Faroqhi, Sureyya; "Crisis and Change, 1590-1699", in An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, eds. İnalcık and D. Quataert, Part II (1600-1914): 411-636, Cambridge, 1994.
  • Genç, Mehmet; "XVIII. Yüzyılda Osmanlı Ekonomisi ve Savaş", Yapıt, 4 (1984): 52-61.
  • Güçer, Lütfi; Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Hububat Meselesi ve Hububattan Alınan Vergiler, Istanbul Universitesi Iktisat Fakultesi Yayini, Istanbul, 1964.
  • Gündüz, Ahmet; 27 Numarali Kayseri Şer'iyye Sicili H.1035/36-M.1625/26, Metin Transkripsiyonu ve Değerlendirme, Unpublished MA Thesis, Erciyes University, Institute of Social Sciences, Kayseri, 1995.
  • G.S.P Freeman-Grenville, The Islamic and Christian Calendars AD 622-2222 (AH 1-1650). A complete guide for converting Christian and Islamic dates and dates of festivals, Garnet Publishing, Reading, UK, 1995.
  • İnalcık, Halil; "Military and Fiscal Transformation in the Ottoman Empire, 1600-1700", AO, VI (1980): 283-337.
  • Lütfi Paşa Asafnâmesi (Yeni Bir Metin Tesisi Denemesi), Mübahat Kütükoğlu ed., (İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Araştırmaları Merkezi, Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımı, İstanbul, 1991.
  • McGowan, Bruce; "Osmanli Avariz-nüzul teşekkülü, 1600-1830" in VIII. Türk Tarih Kongresi, 3 volumes, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi, Ankara 1981, vol 2: 1327-31.
  • Economic Life in Ottoman Europe: Taxation, Trade and Struggle for Land, 1600-1800, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
  • Tabakoğlu, Ahmet; Gerileme Dönemine Girerken Osmanli Maliyesi, Dergâh Yayınları, 117;Tarih Dizisi, 10 İstanbul, 1985
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Süleyman Demirci Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Aralık 2005
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2005 Cilt: 69 Sayı: 256

Kaynak Göster

APA Demirci, S. (2005). Collection of Avâriz and Nüzul Levies in the Ottoman Empire: A Case Study of the Province of Karaman, 1620-1700. BELLETEN, 69(256), 897-912. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2005.897
AMA Demirci S. Collection of Avâriz and Nüzul Levies in the Ottoman Empire: A Case Study of the Province of Karaman, 1620-1700. TTK BELLETEN. Aralık 2005;69(256):897-912. doi:10.37879/belleten.2005.897
Chicago Demirci, Süleyman. “Collection of Avâriz and Nüzul Levies in the Ottoman Empire: A Case Study of the Province of Karaman, 1620-1700”. BELLETEN 69, sy. 256 (Aralık 2005): 897-912. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2005.897.
EndNote Demirci S (01 Aralık 2005) Collection of Avâriz and Nüzul Levies in the Ottoman Empire: A Case Study of the Province of Karaman, 1620-1700. BELLETEN 69 256 897–912.
IEEE S. Demirci, “Collection of Avâriz and Nüzul Levies in the Ottoman Empire: A Case Study of the Province of Karaman, 1620-1700”, TTK BELLETEN, c. 69, sy. 256, ss. 897–912, 2005, doi: 10.37879/belleten.2005.897.
ISNAD Demirci, Süleyman. “Collection of Avâriz and Nüzul Levies in the Ottoman Empire: A Case Study of the Province of Karaman, 1620-1700”. BELLETEN 69/256 (Aralık 2005), 897-912. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2005.897.
JAMA Demirci S. Collection of Avâriz and Nüzul Levies in the Ottoman Empire: A Case Study of the Province of Karaman, 1620-1700. TTK BELLETEN. 2005;69:897–912.
MLA Demirci, Süleyman. “Collection of Avâriz and Nüzul Levies in the Ottoman Empire: A Case Study of the Province of Karaman, 1620-1700”. BELLETEN, c. 69, sy. 256, 2005, ss. 897-12, doi:10.37879/belleten.2005.897.
Vancouver Demirci S. Collection of Avâriz and Nüzul Levies in the Ottoman Empire: A Case Study of the Province of Karaman, 1620-1700. TTK BELLETEN. 2005;69(256):897-912.