Search for a Probable Linguistic and Cultural Kinship Between the Turkish People of Asia and the Native Peoples of Americas

Yıl 1986, Cilt: 50 Sayı: 198, 650 - 678, 20.12.1986

Polat Kaya

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.1986.650

Öz

This study tries to show probable linguistic and cultural kinship between the Turkish people in Asia and the Native Peoples of Americas, i.e., the north, central and south Americas. In this study, we have shown that the use of the Turkish words "ata" and "apa" for "father and ancestor" and "ana" for "mother" and their derivatives are quite common in the languages of considerable number of the Native Peoples of Americas. The study shows that these three words, i.e., "ata", "apa" and "ana" are probably among the oldest living words in the human languages. In addition, this study points out some other words, aspects of languages and cultures of some of the Native Peoples of Americas which seem to be common with the Turkish people of Asia. The purpose of this study was to indicate with evidence the presence of correlation between the languages of the Native Peoples of Americas and the Turks in Asia and hopefully to attract the attention of linguistic scholars to carry out further studies to possibly illuminate past background of both the Native Peoples of Americas and the Turks of Asia.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Turks, Linguistics, Culture, Asia, Americas, History

Kaynakça

• A. Vahid Moran, "Türkçe-İngilizce Sözlük (A Turkish-English Dictionary)", Published by the Turkish Ministry of Public Instruction, İstanbul, 1945.
• Sir Gerard Clauson, "An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth Century Turkish", Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1972 (Ref P1183. C5).
• Gunnar Jarring, "An Eastern Turki-English Dialect Dictionary", 1964 (Ref. PL26 J37).
• Don Dedero, "Navajo Rugs", Northland Press, 1982.
• Philip Ainsworth Means, "Ancient Civilizations of the Andes", Gordian Press, Inc., New York 1964 (F3429 M53).
• Arthur Thibert, O.M.I., "English-Eskimo, Eskimo-English Dictionary", Canadian Research Centre for Antropology, Saint Paul University, Ottawa, Canada, 1972.
• Richard Henry Geoghegan, "The Aleut Language", edited by Fredericka I. Martin, United States Department of Interior, 1944.
• George F. Aubin, "A Proto-Algonquian Dictionary", National Museum of Canada, Ottawa, 1975 (Ref PM 605 A92).
• Edwin James, "Account of an Expedition from Pitsburgh to the Rocky Mountains", vol 2, 1823 (F592. J3 1823 a).
• H. Christoph and Janet F. Carrol, "Meet Cree a Guide to Cree Language", University of Alberta Press, 1981.
• Marvin K. Mayers, "Languages of Guatemala", Mouton & Co., The Hague, 1966 (PM3361 M3).
• Catherine A. Callaghan, "Lake Miwok Dictionary" (P25. C25, vo. 39).
• Jesse O. Sawyer, "English-Wappo Dictionary", 1965, (P25. C25, vo. 43).
• Washington Matthews, "Grammer and Dictionary of the Language of the Hidatsa", New York Cramoisy Press, 1873 (Ref. PM1331. M4).
• H. Jakob Seiler and Kojiro Hioki, "Cahuilla Dictionary", Malki Museum Press, 1979, Morongo Indian Reservation, Banning, California (PM731 Z5 S44).
• R.R. Bishop Baraga, "A Dictionary of Otchipwe Language", Reprinted 1966 from 1878 original, Ross & Haines, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1966 (Ref. PM853. B28).
• George Gibbs, "Alphabetical Vocabularies of the Challan and Lumni Languages", Shea's Library of American Linguistics, vol. XI, AMS Press Inc., New York, 1863. Cramoisy Press, New York 1863 (PM102. S4).
• Abdulkadir İnan, "Yusuf Has Hacib ve Eseri Kutatgu Bilig Üzerine Notlar", Türk Kültürü, sayı 98, Aralık 1970, p. 114-115.
• Abdulkadir, "Oba ve Obo Sözleri Hakkında", Azerbaycan Yurt Bilgisi, Eylül-I.Teşrin, 1933, sayı 21-22, sahife 377-379.
• George Gibbs, "Alphabetical Vocabulary of the Chinook Language", Same Press as Ref. No. 16.
• Rev. F. Felipe Arroyo De La Cuesta, "A Vocabulary or Phrase Book of the Mutsun Language of Alta California", Shea's Library of American Linguistics, vol. VIII, Same Press as Ref No. 16.
• Mauricio Swadesh, Ma. Cristina Alvarez and Juan R. Bastarrachea, "Diccionario De Elementos Del Maya Yucateco Colonial", Mexico, 1970 (Ref. PM3966. S9).
• Dean Saxton, Lucille Saxton and Susie Enos, "English-Papago / Pima Dictionary", University of Arizona Press, Tuscon, Arizona, 1983.
• Berard Haile, "A Stem Vocabulary of the Navaho Language", St. Michaels Press, Arizona, 1951 (Ref. PM2008. H26).
• J.O. Dorsey and J.R. Swanton, "Dictionary of the Bloxi and Ufo Languages", Government Printing Office, Washington, 1912.
• Ann Anderson, "Plains Cree Dictionary in the Y Dialect", Edminton, 1971.
• John Asher Dunn, "A Practical Dictionary of the Coast Tsimshian Language" (Ref. PM831 Z5 D8).
• Durbin Feeling, "Cherokee-English Dictionary".
• J. Richard Andrews, "Introduction to Classical Nahuatl" The Aztec Language, University of Texas Press, Austin & London (PM 4063 A66).
• Benjamin F. Elson, Editor, "Studies in Peruvian Indian Languages: I", A Publication of the Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma (PM5271 S8).
• Mildred L. Larsen, "Emic Classes Which Manifest the Obligatory Tagmemes in Major Independent Clause Types of Aguaruna (Jivaro)", first article in Ref. 30.
• G. L. Piggott and A. Grafstein, "An Ojibwa Lexicon", National Museum of Man Mercuri Series, Ottawa, 1983.
• Albert D. DeBlois and Alphonse Metallie, "English-Micmac Lexicon", National Museum of Man Mercuri Series, Ottawa, 1983.
• Encyclopaedia Brittanica, 1963 Edition.
• Edna Nunez de Rodas, Directora de Insttuto de Antropologia e Historia de Guatemala, private communication dated 13 August 1985.
• Arthur J.O. Anderson, "Rules of the Aztec Language Classical Nahuatl Grammar", University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1973 (PM4063 A6).
• Encyclopaedia Brittanica, 1974 Edition, vol. 1 and 13.
• Bart McDowel and B. Anthony Stewart, "Mexico's New Museum, Window on the Past", the National Geographic Magazine, Vol. 134, No. 4, October 1968.
• "Archeological Map of Middle America" idem.
• John Gilmary Shea, "French-Onandaga Dictionary From a Manuscript of the Seventeenth Century", Cramoisy Press, New York 1860.
• Encyclopaedia Brittanica, 1974 Edition, vol. 13, p. 719-722.
• Christopher Day, "The Jacaltec Language", Indiana University, Bloomington, USA.
• T. Yılmaz Öztuna, "Başlangıcından Zamanımıza Kadar Türkiye Tarihi", vol. 2, Hayat Kitapları Serisi, 1963.
• J.F.H. Adelaar, "Tarma Quechua Frammar, Texts, Dictionary", The Peter De Ridder Press, 1977.
• Encyclopaedia Brittanica, 1974 edition, vol. 9, p. 259.
• A. Dilaçar, "900. Yıldönümü Dolayısıyle Kutatgu Bilig İncelemesi", Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, No. 340, Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi, 1972, p. 61.