Metal Military Equipment from Tepecik Settlement at Patara

Feyzullah Şahin

doi:10.37879/belleten.2023.733

Araştırma Makalesi

Metal Military Equipment from Tepecik Settlement at Patara

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 87 Sayı: 310, 733 - 792, 06.12.2023

Feyzullah Şahin

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2023.733

Öz

The subject matter of this work is the metal military equipment that was found in the military settlement of Tepecik, situated on a natural rock north of the Patara city center and east of the inner harbor. Construction activities for defense purposes can be traced back to the 6th century B.C. in the settlement. During the excavations conducted in recent years, a garrison was unearthed, that had been built in the middle of the 4th century B.C. and remained in use until the end of the 3rd century B.C. with some architectural transformation.
The metal military equipment comprises a pilum, arrowheads, bolt-heads / spear butts, javelin heads, a catapult trigger mechanism part, sling bullets and a dagger. A limited number of metal military tools are dated to the 6th/5th century B.C. Apart from these, the great majority of the weapons pertain to the period to the middle of the 4th century B.C. and the 3rd century B.C. with a few other examples dating to the 2nd century B.C. All the metal equipment accords well with the history of Patara and strengthens the data on various architectural phases detected in the Tepecik settlement. Furthermore, we can say that certain weapons found among the military equipment stand out as rarely seen specimens: A pilum and a curved dagger which are known to have very few examples in Anatolia. A lead sling bullet inscribed with the names of Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great is the one and only example of this specimen in Anatolia. The trigger claw of a catapult is also of capital importance since it provides evidence for a much-debated mechanism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Patara, metal, military equipment, war, weapon, Lycia

Kaynakça

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Patara Tepecik Yerleşimi’nde Ele Geçen Metal Savaş Teçhizatı

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 87 Sayı: 310, 733 - 792, 06.12.2023

Feyzullah Şahin

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2023.733

Öz

Çalışmanın temel konusunu, Patara kent merkezinin kuzeyinde ve iç limanın doğu- sunda doğal bir tepe üzerinde konumlanan Tepecik askerî yerleşiminde ele geçmiş me- tal savaş teçhizatı oluşturmaktadır. Yerleşimde savunmaya yönelik inşa faaliyetlerinin izleri MÖ 6. yüzyıla kadar uzanır. Son yıllarda gerçekleştirilen kazı çalışmalarında, bir garnizon yerleşimine ait savunma yapıları ve çok sayıda konut temelleri ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Garnizonun, MÖ 4. yüzyılın ortalarında inşa edildiği ve geçirdiği mimari dönüşümlerle MÖ 3. yüzyıl sonlarına kadar kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Tepecik askerî yerleşiminde ele geçen metal savaş teçhizatı, bir pilum, ok uçları, kata- pult ok uçları, kargı ok uçları, bir katapultun tetik mekanizması parçası, sapan mer- mileri ve bir kıvrık hançerden oluşmaktadır. Bu savaş araç-gereçleri içinde az sayıda MÖ 6/5. yüzyıla ait örnekler tespit edilmiştir. Buluntuların büyük çoğunluğu, MÖ 4. yüzyıl ortası ile MÖ 3. yüzyıl arasına tarihlendirilmektedir. Az sayıda örnek ise MÖ erken 2. yüzyıla aittir. Zamansal açıdan bakıldığında, tüm bu metal savaş teçhizatı Patara’nın tarihsel ortamıyla uyum göstermekte ve ayrıca, uzun süre askerî amaçlı kullanılan Tepecik yerleşimindeki çeşitli mimari evrelerle ilgili bilgilerimizi de güçlen- dirmektedir. Yerleşimle ilgili verilerin yanı sıra metal savaş teçhizatı içinde yer alan bazı silahlar, nadir görülen örneklerden olmalarıyla ön plana çıkmaktadır. Anadolu’da az sayıda örneği bilinen bir demir pilum ve bir demir kıvrık hançer bunlar arasındadır. Ayrıca bir yüzünde Makedon Kral II. Philippos’un diğer yüzünde Büyük İskender’in isminin yazıldığı kurşun bir sapan mermisi, Anadolu’da bilinen tek örnek olma özel- liğini taşımaktadır. Bir gastraphetes ya da katapulta ait olması gereken tetik mekaniz- ması parçası ise üzerine çok tartışılan bir mekanizmanın kanıtı olması açısından son derece önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Patara, metal, askerî teçhizat, savaş, silah, Likya

Kaynakça

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Sîrbu, Valeriu-Borangic, Cătălin, “Curved Dagger of the Sica Type From The North- Danubian Dacian Graves (2nd c. BC - 2nd c. AD”, Funerary Practices During the Bronze and Iron Ages in Central and Southeast Europe, Proceedings of the 14th International Colloquium of Funerary Archaeology in Čačak, Serbia, 24th - 27th September 2015, ed. Valeriu Sîrbu-Miloš Jevtić-Katarina Dmitrović-Marija Ljuština, Beograd - Čačak 2016, pp. 333-357.
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Sulimirski, Tadeusz, “Scythian Antiquities in Western Asia.” Artibus Asiae, Vol. 17/ No. 3-4, pp. 282-318.
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Toplam 148 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Arkeoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm	Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar	Feyzullah Şahin 0000-0001-7110-8367
Yayımlanma Tarihi	6 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2023 Cilt: 87 Sayı: 310

Kaynak Göster

APA	Şahin, F. (2023). Metal Military Equipment from Tepecik Settlement at Patara. BELLETEN, 87(310), 733-792. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2023.733
AMA	Şahin F. Metal Military Equipment from Tepecik Settlement at Patara. TTK BELLETEN. Aralık 2023;87(310):733-792. doi:10.37879/belleten.2023.733
Chicago	Şahin, Feyzullah. “Metal Military Equipment from Tepecik Settlement at Patara”. BELLETEN 87, sy. 310 (Aralık 2023): 733-92. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2023.733.
EndNote	Şahin F (01 Aralık 2023) Metal Military Equipment from Tepecik Settlement at Patara. BELLETEN 87 310 733–792.
IEEE	F. Şahin, “Metal Military Equipment from Tepecik Settlement at Patara”, TTK BELLETEN, c. 87, sy. 310, ss. 733–792, 2023, doi: 10.37879/belleten.2023.733.
ISNAD	Şahin, Feyzullah. “Metal Military Equipment from Tepecik Settlement at Patara”. BELLETEN 87/310 (Aralık 2023), 733-792. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2023.733.
JAMA	Şahin F. Metal Military Equipment from Tepecik Settlement at Patara. TTK BELLETEN. 2023;87:733–792.
MLA	Şahin, Feyzullah. “Metal Military Equipment from Tepecik Settlement at Patara”. BELLETEN, c. 87, sy. 310, 2023, ss. 733-92, doi:10.37879/belleten.2023.733.
Vancouver	Şahin F. Metal Military Equipment from Tepecik Settlement at Patara. TTK BELLETEN. 2023;87(310):733-92.

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