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Improving Coverage of Travel Customer Loyalty Programs

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 25, 71 - 93, 30.12.2024

Öz

To make sound decisions using customer data, travel and tourism marketers need quality information on all buyer segments. Individuals who belong to many loyalty programs may join more programs and are probably over-represented in databases. This research identifies the factors associated with widespread participation in frequent traveler and retail shopper programs with a national survey of US adults (N=1399) to identify factors associated with having more memberships. The ordered probit regression results for both types of programs were compared. Individuals with a future-focus, higher impulsivity, and more education tended to have more memberships in both program classes. Those with a today-focus, lower impulsivity, and less education tended to have fewer memberships and could be targeted with incentives to boost database coverage. Differences in results for the two types of programs suggest that loyalty membership studies need to be specific to the travel and tourism industries.

Kaynakça

  • Abbey, J. D., and Meloy, M. G. (2017). Attention by design: Using attention checks to detect inattentive respondents and improve data quality. Journal of Operations Management, 53-56, 63-70.
  • Allaway, A. W., Berkowitz, D., and D’Souza, G. (2003). Spatial diffusion of a new loyalty program through a retail market. Journal of Retailing, 79(3), 137-151.
  • Antavo (2023). 2023 Global Customer Loyalty Report: Loyalty Pays Back. https://antavo.com/reports/global-customer-loyalty-report-2023/
  • Ashley, C., Noble, S. M., Donthu, N., and Lemon, K. N. (2011). Why customers won’t relate: Obstacles to relationship marketing engagement. Journal of Business Research, 64(7), 749-756.
  • Azeem, M. M., Baker, D., Villano, R. A., Mounter, S., and Griffith, G. (2018). Food shoppers’ share of wallet: A small city case in a changing competitive environment. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 43, 119-130.
  • Belli, A., O’Rourke, A., Carrillat, F. A., Pupovac, L., Melnyk, V., and Napolova, E. (2022). 40 years of loyalty programs: how effective are they? Generalizations from a meta-analysis. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 50(1), 147-173.
  • Blake, B. F., Valdiserri, J., Neuendorf, K. A., and Nemeth, J. (2006). Validity of the SDS-17 measure of social desirability in the American context. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(8), 1625-1636.
  • Bond (2024). Bond Loyalty Report 2023, https://info.bondbrandloyalty.com/loyaltyreport-2023-2-0 Campbell, A. J. (1997). Relationship marketing in consumer markets: a comparison of managerial and consumer attitudes about information privacy. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 11(3), 44-57.
  • Chih, W., Wu, C. H., and Li, H. (2012). The antecedents of consumer online buying impulsiveness on a travel website: individual internal factor perspectives. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 29(5), 430-443.
  • Cortinas, M., Elorz, M., and Mugica, J. M. (2008). The use of loyalty-cards databases: differences in regular price and discount sensitivity in the brand choice decision between card and non-card holders. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 15(1), 52-62.
  • Davis, B. (2019). 10 biggest loyalty program mistakes. https://www.stampme.com/blog/10-biggest-loyalty-program-mistakes
  • Demoulin, N. T. M., and Zidda, P. (2008). On the impact of loyalty cards on store loyalty: Does the customers’ satisfaction with the reward scheme matter? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 15(5), 386-398.
  • Demoulin, N. T. M., and Zidda, P. (2009). Drivers of customers’ adoption and adoption timing of a new loyalty card in the grocery retail market. Journal of Retailing, 85(3), 391-405.
  • De Wulf, K., Odekerken-Schroder, G., De Canniere, M. H., and Van Oppen, C. (2003). What drives consumer participation to loyalty programs? Journal of Relationship Marketing, 2(1-2), 69-83.
  • Dorotic, M., Bijmolt, T. H. A., and Verhoef, P. C. (2012). Loyalty programmes: Current knowledge and research directions. International Journal of Management Reviews, 14(3), 217-237.
  • Dowling, G. R., and Uncles, M. (1997). Do customer loyalty programs really work? Sloan Management Review, 38(4), 71-82.
  • Egeonu, E. (2021). Why loyalty programs fail. https://www.candybar.co/whyloyalty-programs-fail-and-examples/
  • Filipe, S., Marques, S. H., and Salgueiro, M. D. (2017). Customers’ relationship with their grocery store: Direct and moderating effects from store format and loyalty programs. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 37, 78-88.
  • George, D., and Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference. 4th ed., Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Giuliano, G. (2003). Travel, location and race/ethnicity. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 37(4), 351-372.
  • Gomez, B. G., Arranz, A. M. G., and Cillan, J. G. (2012). Drivers of customer likelihood to join grocery retail loyalty programs. An analysis of reward programs and loyalty cards. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 19(5), 492-500.
  • Graeff, T. R., and Harmon, S. (2002). Collecting and using personal data: consumers’ awareness and concerns. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 19(4), 302-318.
  • Gultekin, B., and Ozer, L. (2012). The influence of hedonic motives and browsing on impulse buying. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 4(3), 180-189.
  • Hausman, A. (2000). A multi-method investigation of consumer motivations in impulse buying behavior. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 17(5), 403-426.
  • Hearne, E., Crouch, E., Eppler, B., Nelson, C., and Shekar, H. C. (2023). Loyalty Programs Need Next-Generation Design. Boston Consulting Group Report, May. https://www.bcg.com/publications/2023/loyalty-programs-need-to-continue-to-evolve
  • Hinz, O., Gerstmeier, E., Tafreschi, O., Enzmann, M., and Schneider, M. (2007). Customer loyalty programs and privacy concerns. Proceedings of the 20th BLED Conference in Bled, Slovenia: Merging and Emerging Technologies, Processes, and Institutions, June 4-6, 2007, 372-383.
  • Hong, W., and Thong, J. Y. L. (2013). Internet privacy concerns: An integrated conceptualization and four empirical studies. MIS Quarterly, 37(1), 275-298.
  • Johnnygrow.com, undated. CRM failure rates, causes and lessons: what you need to know. https://johnnygrow.com/crm/crm-failure-rates-causes-and-lessons-what-youneed-to-know/
  • Karpus-Romain, J. (2022). 25 Reasons why your CRM Fails and How to Fix Them. FAYE, October 17, https://fayedigital.com/blog/25-reasons-why-your-crm-failsand-how-to-fix-them/
  • Kim, D., Lee, S., Bu, K., and Lee, S. (2009). Do VIP programs always work well? The moderating role of loyalty. Psychology and Marketing, 26(7), 590-609.
  • Krigsman, M. (2009). CRM failure rates: 2001-2009. ZDNET, August 2, https://www.zdnet.com/article/crm-failure-rates-2001-2009/
  • Lacey, R. (2009). Limited influence of loyalty program membership on relational outcomes. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 26(6), 392-402.
  • Lal, R., and Bell, D. E. (2003). The impact of frequent shopper programs in grocery retailing. Quantitative Marketing and Economics, 1(2), 179-202.
  • Lara, P. R., and De Madariaga, J. G. (2007). The importance of rewards in the management of multisponsor loyalty programmes. Journal of Database Marketing and Customer Strategy Management, 15(1), 37-48.
  • Larson, R.B. (2018a). Examining consumer attitudes toward genetically modified and organic foods. British Food Journal, 120(5), 999-1014.
  • Larson, R. B. (2018b). Profiling prospective private-label buyers. International Review of Retail, Distribution, and Consumer Research, 28(5), 516-530.
  • Larson, R. B. (2019). Controlling social desirability bias. International Journal of Market Research, 61(5), 534-547.
  • Larson, R. B. (2021). Raising the value of loyalty program databases. Journal of Applied Economics and Business, 9(4), 21-39
  • Larson, R. B. (2024). Privacy concerns and social desirability bias. International Journal of Market Research, 66(4), 428-450.
  • Larson, R. B., and Farac, J. (2019). Profiling green consumers. Social Marketing Quarterly, 25(4), 275-290.
  • Leenheer, J., Van Heerde, H. J., Bijmolt, T. H. A., and Smidts, A. (2007). Do loyalty programs really enhance behavioral loyalty? An empirical analysis accounting for self-selecting members. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 24(1), 31-47.
  • Lian, J., and Lin, T. (2008). Effects of consumer characteristics on their acceptance of online shopping: Comparisons among different product types. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(1), 48-65.
  • Lin, Z., and Bennett, D. (2014). Examining retail customer experience and the moderation effect of loyalty programmes. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 42(10), 929-947.
  • Liu, Y. (2007). The long-term impact of loyalty programs on consumer purchase behavior and loyalty. Journal of Marketing, 71(4), 19-35.
  • Liu-Thompkins, Y., Khoshghadam, L., Shoushtari, A. A., and Zal, S. (2022). What drives retailer loyalty? A meta-analysis of the role of cognitive, affective, and social factors across five decades. Journal of Retailing, 98(1), 92-110.
  • Magi, A. W. (2003). Share of wallet in retailing: the effects of customer satisfaction, loyalty cards and shopper characteristics. Journal of Retailing, 79(2), 97-106
  • Maklan, S., Knox, S., and Peppard, J. (2011). Why CRM Fails – and how to fix it. MIT Sloan Management Review, 52(4), 77-85.
  • Malhotra, N. K., Kim, S. S., and Agarwal, J. (2004). Internet users’ information privacy concerns (IUIPC): The construct, the scale, and a causal model. Information Systems Research, 15(4), 336-355.
  • McEwen, W. J. (2005). Married to the Brand: Why Consumers Bond with Some Brands for Life. New York: Gallup Press.
  • Melnyk, V., and Van Osselaer, S. M. J. (2012). Make me special: Gender differences in consumers’ responses to loyalty programs. Marketing Letters, 23(3), 545-59.
  • Meyer-Waarden, L. (2008). The influence of loyalty programme membership on customer purchase behaviour. European Journal of Marketing, 42(1-2), 87-114.
  • Meyer-Waarden, L., and Benavent, C. (2006). The impact of loyalty programmes on repeat purchase behaviour. Journal of Marketing Management, 22(1-2), 61-88.
  • Milberg, S. J., Burke, S. J., Smith, H. J., and Kallman, E. A. (1995). Values, personal information privacy, and regulatory approaches. Communications of the ACM, 38(12), 65-74.
  • Murthi, B. P. S., Steffes, E. M., and Rasheed, A. A. (2011). What price loyalty? A fresh look at loyalty programs in the credit card industry. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 16(1), 5-13.
  • Nunes, J. C., and Dreze, X. (2006). Your loyalty program is betraying you. Harvard Business Review, 84(4), 124-31. Parasuraman, S., and Igbaria, M. (1990). An examination of gender differences in the determinants of computer anxiety and attitudes toward microcomputers among managers. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 32(3), 327-40.
  • Policella, G. (2021). Why large rewards programs failed and what you can learn from them. https://blog.smile.io/why-large-rewards-programs-failed-and-what-you-canlearn-from-them/
  • Preibusch, S. (2013). Guide to measuring privacy concern: review of survey and observational instruments. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 71(2), 1133-43.
  • Reid, A., and Catterall, M. (2005). Invisible data quality issues in a CRM implementation. Database Marketing and Customer Strategy Management, 12(4), 305-14.
  • Rigby, D. K., Reichheld, F. F., and Schefter, P. (2002). Avoid the four perils of CRM. Harvard Business Review, 80(2), 101-09.
  • Schwaig, K. S., Segars, A. H., Grover, V., and Fiedler, K. D. (2013). A model of consumers’ perceptions of the invasion of information privacy. Information and Management, 50(1), 1-12.
  • Skogland, I., and Siguaw, J. A. (2004). Are your satisfied customers loyal? Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 45(3), 221-34.
  • Smith, A., Sparks, L., Hart, S., and Tzokas, N. (2003). Retail loyalty schemes: results from a consumer diary study. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 10(2), 109-19.
  • Smith, H. J., Milberg, S. J., and Burke, S. J. (1996). Information privacy:measuring individuals’ concerns about organizational practices. MIS Quarterly, 20(2), 167-96.
  • Statista. (2023). Average loyalty program memberships in the United States from 2015 to 2022. https://www.statista.com/statistics/618744/average-number-of-loyaltyprograms-us- consumers-belong-to/
  • Stewart, K. A., and Segars, A. H. (2002). An empirical examination of the concern for information privacy instrument. Information Systems Research, 13(1), 36-49.
  • Stober, J. (2001). The Social Desirability Scale-17 (SDS-17): Convergent validity, discriminant validity, and relationship with age. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 17(3), 222-32.
  • Tatman, A. W., and Kreamer, S. (2014). Psychometric properties of the Social Desirability Scale-17 with individuals on probation and parole in the United States. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 9(1), 122-130.
  • Tran, U. S., Stieger, S., and Voracek, M. (2012). Psychometric analysis of Stober’s social desirability scale (SDS-17): An item response theory perspective. Psychological Reports, 111(3), 870-884.
  • Van Doorn, J., Verhoef, P. C., and Bijmolt, T. H. A. (2007). The importance of non-linear relationships between attitude and behaviour in policy research. Journal of Consumer Policy, 30(2), 75-90.
  • Vilches-Montero, S., Pandit, A., Bravo-Olavarria, R., and Chao, C. F. (2018). What loyal women (and men) want: The role of gender and loyalty program characteristics in driving store loyalty. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 44, 64-70.
  • Vuorinen, A., Erkkola, M., Fogelholm, M., Kinnunen, S., Saarijarvi, H., Uusitalo, L., Nappila, T., and Nevalainen, J. (2020). Characterization and correction of bias due to nonparticipation and the degree of loyalty in large-scale Finnish loyalty card data on grocery purchases: Cohort study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22:7, Articlee18059.
  • Wright, C., and Sparks, L. (1999). Loyalty saturation in retailing: Exploring the end of retail loyalty cards? International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 27(10), 429-39.
  • Yim, M. Y., Yoo, S., Sauer, P. L., and Seo, J. H. (2014). Hedonic shopping motivation and co-shopper influence on utilitarian grocery shopping in superstores. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 42(5), 528-44.

Improving Coverage of Travel Customer Loyalty Programs

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 25, 71 - 93, 30.12.2024

Öz

To make sound decisions using customer data, travel and tourism marketers need quality information on all buyer segments. Individuals who belong to many loyalty programs may join more programs and are probably over-represented in databases. This research identifies the factors associated with widespread participation in frequent traveler and retail shopper programs with a national survey of US adults (N=1399) to identify factors associated with having more memberships. The ordered probit regression results for both types of programs were compared. Individuals with a future-focus, higher impulsivity, and more education tended to have more memberships in both program classes. Those with a today-focus, lower impulsivity, and less education tended to have fewer memberships and could be targeted with incentives to boost database coverage. Differences in results for the two types of programs suggest that loyalty membership studies need to be specific to the travel and tourism industries.

Kaynakça

  • Abbey, J. D., and Meloy, M. G. (2017). Attention by design: Using attention checks to detect inattentive respondents and improve data quality. Journal of Operations Management, 53-56, 63-70.
  • Allaway, A. W., Berkowitz, D., and D’Souza, G. (2003). Spatial diffusion of a new loyalty program through a retail market. Journal of Retailing, 79(3), 137-151.
  • Antavo (2023). 2023 Global Customer Loyalty Report: Loyalty Pays Back. https://antavo.com/reports/global-customer-loyalty-report-2023/
  • Ashley, C., Noble, S. M., Donthu, N., and Lemon, K. N. (2011). Why customers won’t relate: Obstacles to relationship marketing engagement. Journal of Business Research, 64(7), 749-756.
  • Azeem, M. M., Baker, D., Villano, R. A., Mounter, S., and Griffith, G. (2018). Food shoppers’ share of wallet: A small city case in a changing competitive environment. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 43, 119-130.
  • Belli, A., O’Rourke, A., Carrillat, F. A., Pupovac, L., Melnyk, V., and Napolova, E. (2022). 40 years of loyalty programs: how effective are they? Generalizations from a meta-analysis. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 50(1), 147-173.
  • Blake, B. F., Valdiserri, J., Neuendorf, K. A., and Nemeth, J. (2006). Validity of the SDS-17 measure of social desirability in the American context. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(8), 1625-1636.
  • Bond (2024). Bond Loyalty Report 2023, https://info.bondbrandloyalty.com/loyaltyreport-2023-2-0 Campbell, A. J. (1997). Relationship marketing in consumer markets: a comparison of managerial and consumer attitudes about information privacy. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 11(3), 44-57.
  • Chih, W., Wu, C. H., and Li, H. (2012). The antecedents of consumer online buying impulsiveness on a travel website: individual internal factor perspectives. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 29(5), 430-443.
  • Cortinas, M., Elorz, M., and Mugica, J. M. (2008). The use of loyalty-cards databases: differences in regular price and discount sensitivity in the brand choice decision between card and non-card holders. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 15(1), 52-62.
  • Davis, B. (2019). 10 biggest loyalty program mistakes. https://www.stampme.com/blog/10-biggest-loyalty-program-mistakes
  • Demoulin, N. T. M., and Zidda, P. (2008). On the impact of loyalty cards on store loyalty: Does the customers’ satisfaction with the reward scheme matter? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 15(5), 386-398.
  • Demoulin, N. T. M., and Zidda, P. (2009). Drivers of customers’ adoption and adoption timing of a new loyalty card in the grocery retail market. Journal of Retailing, 85(3), 391-405.
  • De Wulf, K., Odekerken-Schroder, G., De Canniere, M. H., and Van Oppen, C. (2003). What drives consumer participation to loyalty programs? Journal of Relationship Marketing, 2(1-2), 69-83.
  • Dorotic, M., Bijmolt, T. H. A., and Verhoef, P. C. (2012). Loyalty programmes: Current knowledge and research directions. International Journal of Management Reviews, 14(3), 217-237.
  • Dowling, G. R., and Uncles, M. (1997). Do customer loyalty programs really work? Sloan Management Review, 38(4), 71-82.
  • Egeonu, E. (2021). Why loyalty programs fail. https://www.candybar.co/whyloyalty-programs-fail-and-examples/
  • Filipe, S., Marques, S. H., and Salgueiro, M. D. (2017). Customers’ relationship with their grocery store: Direct and moderating effects from store format and loyalty programs. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 37, 78-88.
  • George, D., and Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference. 4th ed., Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Giuliano, G. (2003). Travel, location and race/ethnicity. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 37(4), 351-372.
  • Gomez, B. G., Arranz, A. M. G., and Cillan, J. G. (2012). Drivers of customer likelihood to join grocery retail loyalty programs. An analysis of reward programs and loyalty cards. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 19(5), 492-500.
  • Graeff, T. R., and Harmon, S. (2002). Collecting and using personal data: consumers’ awareness and concerns. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 19(4), 302-318.
  • Gultekin, B., and Ozer, L. (2012). The influence of hedonic motives and browsing on impulse buying. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 4(3), 180-189.
  • Hausman, A. (2000). A multi-method investigation of consumer motivations in impulse buying behavior. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 17(5), 403-426.
  • Hearne, E., Crouch, E., Eppler, B., Nelson, C., and Shekar, H. C. (2023). Loyalty Programs Need Next-Generation Design. Boston Consulting Group Report, May. https://www.bcg.com/publications/2023/loyalty-programs-need-to-continue-to-evolve
  • Hinz, O., Gerstmeier, E., Tafreschi, O., Enzmann, M., and Schneider, M. (2007). Customer loyalty programs and privacy concerns. Proceedings of the 20th BLED Conference in Bled, Slovenia: Merging and Emerging Technologies, Processes, and Institutions, June 4-6, 2007, 372-383.
  • Hong, W., and Thong, J. Y. L. (2013). Internet privacy concerns: An integrated conceptualization and four empirical studies. MIS Quarterly, 37(1), 275-298.
  • Johnnygrow.com, undated. CRM failure rates, causes and lessons: what you need to know. https://johnnygrow.com/crm/crm-failure-rates-causes-and-lessons-what-youneed-to-know/
  • Karpus-Romain, J. (2022). 25 Reasons why your CRM Fails and How to Fix Them. FAYE, October 17, https://fayedigital.com/blog/25-reasons-why-your-crm-failsand-how-to-fix-them/
  • Kim, D., Lee, S., Bu, K., and Lee, S. (2009). Do VIP programs always work well? The moderating role of loyalty. Psychology and Marketing, 26(7), 590-609.
  • Krigsman, M. (2009). CRM failure rates: 2001-2009. ZDNET, August 2, https://www.zdnet.com/article/crm-failure-rates-2001-2009/
  • Lacey, R. (2009). Limited influence of loyalty program membership on relational outcomes. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 26(6), 392-402.
  • Lal, R., and Bell, D. E. (2003). The impact of frequent shopper programs in grocery retailing. Quantitative Marketing and Economics, 1(2), 179-202.
  • Lara, P. R., and De Madariaga, J. G. (2007). The importance of rewards in the management of multisponsor loyalty programmes. Journal of Database Marketing and Customer Strategy Management, 15(1), 37-48.
  • Larson, R.B. (2018a). Examining consumer attitudes toward genetically modified and organic foods. British Food Journal, 120(5), 999-1014.
  • Larson, R. B. (2018b). Profiling prospective private-label buyers. International Review of Retail, Distribution, and Consumer Research, 28(5), 516-530.
  • Larson, R. B. (2019). Controlling social desirability bias. International Journal of Market Research, 61(5), 534-547.
  • Larson, R. B. (2021). Raising the value of loyalty program databases. Journal of Applied Economics and Business, 9(4), 21-39
  • Larson, R. B. (2024). Privacy concerns and social desirability bias. International Journal of Market Research, 66(4), 428-450.
  • Larson, R. B., and Farac, J. (2019). Profiling green consumers. Social Marketing Quarterly, 25(4), 275-290.
  • Leenheer, J., Van Heerde, H. J., Bijmolt, T. H. A., and Smidts, A. (2007). Do loyalty programs really enhance behavioral loyalty? An empirical analysis accounting for self-selecting members. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 24(1), 31-47.
  • Lian, J., and Lin, T. (2008). Effects of consumer characteristics on their acceptance of online shopping: Comparisons among different product types. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(1), 48-65.
  • Lin, Z., and Bennett, D. (2014). Examining retail customer experience and the moderation effect of loyalty programmes. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 42(10), 929-947.
  • Liu, Y. (2007). The long-term impact of loyalty programs on consumer purchase behavior and loyalty. Journal of Marketing, 71(4), 19-35.
  • Liu-Thompkins, Y., Khoshghadam, L., Shoushtari, A. A., and Zal, S. (2022). What drives retailer loyalty? A meta-analysis of the role of cognitive, affective, and social factors across five decades. Journal of Retailing, 98(1), 92-110.
  • Magi, A. W. (2003). Share of wallet in retailing: the effects of customer satisfaction, loyalty cards and shopper characteristics. Journal of Retailing, 79(2), 97-106
  • Maklan, S., Knox, S., and Peppard, J. (2011). Why CRM Fails – and how to fix it. MIT Sloan Management Review, 52(4), 77-85.
  • Malhotra, N. K., Kim, S. S., and Agarwal, J. (2004). Internet users’ information privacy concerns (IUIPC): The construct, the scale, and a causal model. Information Systems Research, 15(4), 336-355.
  • McEwen, W. J. (2005). Married to the Brand: Why Consumers Bond with Some Brands for Life. New York: Gallup Press.
  • Melnyk, V., and Van Osselaer, S. M. J. (2012). Make me special: Gender differences in consumers’ responses to loyalty programs. Marketing Letters, 23(3), 545-59.
  • Meyer-Waarden, L. (2008). The influence of loyalty programme membership on customer purchase behaviour. European Journal of Marketing, 42(1-2), 87-114.
  • Meyer-Waarden, L., and Benavent, C. (2006). The impact of loyalty programmes on repeat purchase behaviour. Journal of Marketing Management, 22(1-2), 61-88.
  • Milberg, S. J., Burke, S. J., Smith, H. J., and Kallman, E. A. (1995). Values, personal information privacy, and regulatory approaches. Communications of the ACM, 38(12), 65-74.
  • Murthi, B. P. S., Steffes, E. M., and Rasheed, A. A. (2011). What price loyalty? A fresh look at loyalty programs in the credit card industry. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 16(1), 5-13.
  • Nunes, J. C., and Dreze, X. (2006). Your loyalty program is betraying you. Harvard Business Review, 84(4), 124-31. Parasuraman, S., and Igbaria, M. (1990). An examination of gender differences in the determinants of computer anxiety and attitudes toward microcomputers among managers. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 32(3), 327-40.
  • Policella, G. (2021). Why large rewards programs failed and what you can learn from them. https://blog.smile.io/why-large-rewards-programs-failed-and-what-you-canlearn-from-them/
  • Preibusch, S. (2013). Guide to measuring privacy concern: review of survey and observational instruments. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 71(2), 1133-43.
  • Reid, A., and Catterall, M. (2005). Invisible data quality issues in a CRM implementation. Database Marketing and Customer Strategy Management, 12(4), 305-14.
  • Rigby, D. K., Reichheld, F. F., and Schefter, P. (2002). Avoid the four perils of CRM. Harvard Business Review, 80(2), 101-09.
  • Schwaig, K. S., Segars, A. H., Grover, V., and Fiedler, K. D. (2013). A model of consumers’ perceptions of the invasion of information privacy. Information and Management, 50(1), 1-12.
  • Skogland, I., and Siguaw, J. A. (2004). Are your satisfied customers loyal? Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 45(3), 221-34.
  • Smith, A., Sparks, L., Hart, S., and Tzokas, N. (2003). Retail loyalty schemes: results from a consumer diary study. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 10(2), 109-19.
  • Smith, H. J., Milberg, S. J., and Burke, S. J. (1996). Information privacy:measuring individuals’ concerns about organizational practices. MIS Quarterly, 20(2), 167-96.
  • Statista. (2023). Average loyalty program memberships in the United States from 2015 to 2022. https://www.statista.com/statistics/618744/average-number-of-loyaltyprograms-us- consumers-belong-to/
  • Stewart, K. A., and Segars, A. H. (2002). An empirical examination of the concern for information privacy instrument. Information Systems Research, 13(1), 36-49.
  • Stober, J. (2001). The Social Desirability Scale-17 (SDS-17): Convergent validity, discriminant validity, and relationship with age. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 17(3), 222-32.
  • Tatman, A. W., and Kreamer, S. (2014). Psychometric properties of the Social Desirability Scale-17 with individuals on probation and parole in the United States. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 9(1), 122-130.
  • Tran, U. S., Stieger, S., and Voracek, M. (2012). Psychometric analysis of Stober’s social desirability scale (SDS-17): An item response theory perspective. Psychological Reports, 111(3), 870-884.
  • Van Doorn, J., Verhoef, P. C., and Bijmolt, T. H. A. (2007). The importance of non-linear relationships between attitude and behaviour in policy research. Journal of Consumer Policy, 30(2), 75-90.
  • Vilches-Montero, S., Pandit, A., Bravo-Olavarria, R., and Chao, C. F. (2018). What loyal women (and men) want: The role of gender and loyalty program characteristics in driving store loyalty. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 44, 64-70.
  • Vuorinen, A., Erkkola, M., Fogelholm, M., Kinnunen, S., Saarijarvi, H., Uusitalo, L., Nappila, T., and Nevalainen, J. (2020). Characterization and correction of bias due to nonparticipation and the degree of loyalty in large-scale Finnish loyalty card data on grocery purchases: Cohort study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22:7, Articlee18059.
  • Wright, C., and Sparks, L. (1999). Loyalty saturation in retailing: Exploring the end of retail loyalty cards? International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 27(10), 429-39.
  • Yim, M. Y., Yoo, S., Sauer, P. L., and Seo, J. H. (2014). Hedonic shopping motivation and co-shopper influence on utilitarian grocery shopping in superstores. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 42(5), 528-44.
Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ronald Larson 0000-0001-9313-9236

Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 5 Aralık 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 25

Kaynak Göster

APA Larson, R. (2024). Improving Coverage of Travel Customer Loyalty Programs. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research, 25(25), 71-93.

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