Genç Sürücülere Yönelik Tutumlar Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 28 - 38, 30.04.2021
Beril Deniz
,
Yeşim Üzümcüoğlu Zihni
,
Suzan Ceylan Batur
Öz
Bu araştırmanın amacı, trafikte genç sürücülere yönelik tutumların anlaşılabilmesi için bir ölçüm aracı geliştirmek ve ölçüm aracının geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmalarının yapılmasıdır. Çalışmaya 197 kişi katılmıştır. Faktör analizi sonucunda Genç Sürücülere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği’nin üç faktörden oluştuğu görülmektedir: ihlale yatkın, kaygı uyandıran ve olumlu tutumlar. Güvenirlik için iç tutarlık katsayısı hesaplanmıştır ve sonuçlar yeterli düzeyde bulgulanmıştır. Uyum geçerliği için ölçeğin sürücü davranışları ve sürüş becerileri ile ilişkileri, benzerlik geçerliği için ise sürücü öfke ifadeleri ile ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Yapılan korelasyon ve regresyon analizlerinin sonuçları, geliştirilen ölçeğin geçerli olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarının trafikte karşılaşılan bazı riskli durumların önlenmesine fayda sağlaması hedeflenmektedir. Ayrıca sonuçların, genç sürücülerin güvenli şekilde trafikte yer edinebilmeleri için yapılabilecek uygulamalara da yol göstermesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Kaynakça
- Corneloup, V. ve Burkhardt, J. M., (2016). An exploratory study of higher order driving skills and difficult situations experienced by novice drivers during their first months of driving to develop simulation-based training. Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, 8, 1–8. doi:10.1145/2970930.2970939
- Çağlayan, C., Hamzaoğlu, O., Yavuz, C. I. ve Selim, Y. (2010). Traffic accidents resulting in death and injury on an international road passing through a city in Kocaeli, Turkey. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 65(2), 59–64. doi:10.1080/19338240903390255
- Deffenbacher, J. L., Lynch, R. S., Oetting, E. R. ve Swaim, R. C. (2002). The driving anger expression inventory: a measure of how people express their anger on the road. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(6), 717–737. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00063-8
- Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (2018). Global status report on road safety 2018. https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2018/en/
- Elander, J., West, R. ve French D. (1993). Behavioral correlates of individual differences in road-traffic crash risk: an examination of methods and findings. Psychological Bulletin, 113(2), 279–294. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.2.279
- Engin, O. ve Kaya, İ. (2004). A Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) model to decrease the number of traffic accidents. Polis Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1-2), 41–51.
- Erten, S. (2002). Planlanmış Davranış Teorisi ile uygulamalı öğretim metodu. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2), 217–233.
- Eşiyok, B., Yasak, Y. ve Korkusuz, İ. (2007). Trafikte öfke ifadesi: Sürücü Öfke İfadesi Envanteri'nin geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 18(3), 231–243.
- González-Iglesias, B., Gómez-Fraguela, J. A. ve Luengo, M. Á., (2012). Driving anger and traffic violations: gender differences. Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,15(4), 404–412. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2012.03.002
- Gregersen, N., Berg, H., Engström, I., Nolén, S., Nyberg, A. ve Rimmö, P. (2000). Sixteen years age limit for learner drivers in Sweden- an evaluation of safety effects. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 32(1), 25–35. doi:10.1016/S0001-4575(99)00045-7
- Kocagöz, E. ve Dursun, Y. (2010). Algılanan davranışsal kontrol, Ajzen’in teorisinde nasıl konumlanır? Alternatif model analizleri. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomi̇k Araştırmalar Dergi̇si, 12 (19), 139–152.
- Lajunen, T. ve Summala, H. (1995). Driving experience, personality, and skill and safety-motive dimensions in drivers' self-assessments. Personality and Individual Differences, 19(3), 307–318. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(95)00068-H
- Lawton, M. P., Kleban, M. H., Rajagopal, D. ve Dean, J. (1992). Dimensions of affective experience in three age groups. Psychology and Aging, 7(2), 171–184. doi:10.1037//0882-7974.7.2.171
- Lewin, I. (1982). Driver training: a perceptual-motor skill approach. Ergonomics, 25, 917–924. doi:10.1080/00140138208925051
- Martinussen, L. M., Moller, M. ve Prato C. G. (2014). Assessing the relationship between the Driver Behavior Questionnaire and the Driver Skill Inventory: revealing sub-groups of drivers. Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 26, 82–91. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2014.06.008
- Nabi, H., Rachid Salmi, L., Lafont S., Chiron, M., Zins, M. ve Lagarde, E. (2007). Attitudes associated with behavioral predictors of serious road traffic crashes: results from the GAZEL cohort. Injury Prevention, 13(1), 26–31. doi:10.1136/ip.2006.013342
- Ostapczuk, M., Joseph R., Pufal J. ve Musch J. (2017). Validation of the German version of the Driver Skill Inventory (DSI) and the Driver Social Desirability Scales (DSDS). Traffic Psychology and Behavior, 45, 169–182. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2016.12.003
- Özkan, T., Lajunen, T., Chliaoutakis, J. E., Parker D. ve Summala, H. (2006). Cross-cultural differences in driving behaviours: a comparison of six countries. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 9(3), 227–242. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2006.01.002
- Reason, J. T., Manstead, A., Stradling, S. G., Baxter, J. ve Campbell, K. (1990). Errors and violations on the road – a real distinction. Ergonomics, 33(10/11), 1315–1332. doi:10.1080/00140139008925335
- Reyna, V. F. ve Farley, F. (2006). Is the teen brain too rational?. Scientific American Mind, 17(6), 58–65. doi:10.1038/scientificamericanmind1206-58
- Serin, G., Öz, C., Öz, B. ve Lajunen, T. (2018). Türkiye’de yaya tutumları ve yaya davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Trafik ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 54–68.
- Steinberg, L. (2004). Risk taking in adolescence: what changes, and why?. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1021(1), 51–58. doi:10.1196/annals.1308.005
- Sümer, N., Özkan, T. ve Lajunen T. (2006). Asymmetric relationship between driving and safety skills. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 38(4), 703–711. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2005.12.016
- Treat, J. R., Tumbas, N. S., McDonald, S. T., Shinar, D., Hume, R. D., Mayer, R. E., Stanisfer, R. L. ve Castellan, N. J. (1977). Tri-level study of the causes of traffic accidents. Report No. DOT-HS-034-3-535-77 (TAC).
- Ulleberg, P. ve Rundmo, T. (2003). Personality, attitudes and risk perception as predictors of risky driving behaviour among young drivers. Safety Science, 41(5), 427–443. doi:10.1016/S0925-7535(01)00077-7
The Development of Attitudes towards Young Drivers Scale
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 28 - 38, 30.04.2021
Beril Deniz
,
Yeşim Üzümcüoğlu Zihni
,
Suzan Ceylan Batur
Öz
The aim of the current study is to develop a scale to understand the attitudes towards young drivers in traffic and to conduct validity and reliability studies of the scale. There were 197 participants. The results of the factor analysis showed that the Attitudes Towards Young Drivers Scale consists of three factors: violation tendency, anxiety-provoking and positive attitudes. Internal consistency coefficient was calculated for reliability and the results were satisfactory. The relationships between attitudes towards young drivers, driver behaviors and driving skills were examined for concurrent validity. Also the relationships between attitudes towards young drivers and driver anger expressions were examined for convergent validity. The results of correlation and regression analyses indicate that the developed scale is valid. The results of the research will be fruitful to avoid some risky situations experienced in traffic. In addition, it will guide practices aiming young drivers to take their place in traffic in a safest way.
Kaynakça
- Corneloup, V. ve Burkhardt, J. M., (2016). An exploratory study of higher order driving skills and difficult situations experienced by novice drivers during their first months of driving to develop simulation-based training. Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, 8, 1–8. doi:10.1145/2970930.2970939
- Çağlayan, C., Hamzaoğlu, O., Yavuz, C. I. ve Selim, Y. (2010). Traffic accidents resulting in death and injury on an international road passing through a city in Kocaeli, Turkey. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 65(2), 59–64. doi:10.1080/19338240903390255
- Deffenbacher, J. L., Lynch, R. S., Oetting, E. R. ve Swaim, R. C. (2002). The driving anger expression inventory: a measure of how people express their anger on the road. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(6), 717–737. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00063-8
- Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (2018). Global status report on road safety 2018. https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2018/en/
- Elander, J., West, R. ve French D. (1993). Behavioral correlates of individual differences in road-traffic crash risk: an examination of methods and findings. Psychological Bulletin, 113(2), 279–294. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.2.279
- Engin, O. ve Kaya, İ. (2004). A Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) model to decrease the number of traffic accidents. Polis Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1-2), 41–51.
- Erten, S. (2002). Planlanmış Davranış Teorisi ile uygulamalı öğretim metodu. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2), 217–233.
- Eşiyok, B., Yasak, Y. ve Korkusuz, İ. (2007). Trafikte öfke ifadesi: Sürücü Öfke İfadesi Envanteri'nin geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 18(3), 231–243.
- González-Iglesias, B., Gómez-Fraguela, J. A. ve Luengo, M. Á., (2012). Driving anger and traffic violations: gender differences. Traffic Psychology and Behaviour,15(4), 404–412. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2012.03.002
- Gregersen, N., Berg, H., Engström, I., Nolén, S., Nyberg, A. ve Rimmö, P. (2000). Sixteen years age limit for learner drivers in Sweden- an evaluation of safety effects. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 32(1), 25–35. doi:10.1016/S0001-4575(99)00045-7
- Kocagöz, E. ve Dursun, Y. (2010). Algılanan davranışsal kontrol, Ajzen’in teorisinde nasıl konumlanır? Alternatif model analizleri. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomi̇k Araştırmalar Dergi̇si, 12 (19), 139–152.
- Lajunen, T. ve Summala, H. (1995). Driving experience, personality, and skill and safety-motive dimensions in drivers' self-assessments. Personality and Individual Differences, 19(3), 307–318. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(95)00068-H
- Lawton, M. P., Kleban, M. H., Rajagopal, D. ve Dean, J. (1992). Dimensions of affective experience in three age groups. Psychology and Aging, 7(2), 171–184. doi:10.1037//0882-7974.7.2.171
- Lewin, I. (1982). Driver training: a perceptual-motor skill approach. Ergonomics, 25, 917–924. doi:10.1080/00140138208925051
- Martinussen, L. M., Moller, M. ve Prato C. G. (2014). Assessing the relationship between the Driver Behavior Questionnaire and the Driver Skill Inventory: revealing sub-groups of drivers. Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 26, 82–91. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2014.06.008
- Nabi, H., Rachid Salmi, L., Lafont S., Chiron, M., Zins, M. ve Lagarde, E. (2007). Attitudes associated with behavioral predictors of serious road traffic crashes: results from the GAZEL cohort. Injury Prevention, 13(1), 26–31. doi:10.1136/ip.2006.013342
- Ostapczuk, M., Joseph R., Pufal J. ve Musch J. (2017). Validation of the German version of the Driver Skill Inventory (DSI) and the Driver Social Desirability Scales (DSDS). Traffic Psychology and Behavior, 45, 169–182. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2016.12.003
- Özkan, T., Lajunen, T., Chliaoutakis, J. E., Parker D. ve Summala, H. (2006). Cross-cultural differences in driving behaviours: a comparison of six countries. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 9(3), 227–242. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2006.01.002
- Reason, J. T., Manstead, A., Stradling, S. G., Baxter, J. ve Campbell, K. (1990). Errors and violations on the road – a real distinction. Ergonomics, 33(10/11), 1315–1332. doi:10.1080/00140139008925335
- Reyna, V. F. ve Farley, F. (2006). Is the teen brain too rational?. Scientific American Mind, 17(6), 58–65. doi:10.1038/scientificamericanmind1206-58
- Serin, G., Öz, C., Öz, B. ve Lajunen, T. (2018). Türkiye’de yaya tutumları ve yaya davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Trafik ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 54–68.
- Steinberg, L. (2004). Risk taking in adolescence: what changes, and why?. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1021(1), 51–58. doi:10.1196/annals.1308.005
- Sümer, N., Özkan, T. ve Lajunen T. (2006). Asymmetric relationship between driving and safety skills. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 38(4), 703–711. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2005.12.016
- Treat, J. R., Tumbas, N. S., McDonald, S. T., Shinar, D., Hume, R. D., Mayer, R. E., Stanisfer, R. L. ve Castellan, N. J. (1977). Tri-level study of the causes of traffic accidents. Report No. DOT-HS-034-3-535-77 (TAC).
- Ulleberg, P. ve Rundmo, T. (2003). Personality, attitudes and risk perception as predictors of risky driving behaviour among young drivers. Safety Science, 41(5), 427–443. doi:10.1016/S0925-7535(01)00077-7