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Aydın İli Biyoklimatik Konfor Şartlarının Turizm Konfor İndeksi ile Analizi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 65 - 70, 25.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.56130/tucbis.1175277

Öz

Geçtiğimiz birkaç on yılda turizm birçok ülkede en önemli ekonomik faaliyetlerden biri haline geldi. Son yıllarda Dünya genelinde hem salgın hem de savaş nedeniyle turizm faaliyetlerinde düşüş görülmektedir. Özellikle soğuk ülkelerden yaz aylarında Türkiye’ye turistler gelmektedir. Salgın ve savaşların yanı sıra küresel iklim değişikliğine bağlı olarak artan sıcaklık turizm aktivitelerini de etkilemektedir. İnsanlar bu artan sıcaklık karşısında kendilerini en rahat hissettiği ortamlarda turizm faaliyetlerini sürdürmek istemektedir. İnsan faaliyetlerine etki eden en önemli faktör biyoklimatik konfor koşullarıdır. Bu koşulların belirlenmesi önemlidir. Biyokonfor koşulları için çeşitli indeksler geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Aydın İli 2021 yılı haziran, temmuz ve ağustos aylarına ait sıcaklık, aylık ortalama ve maksimum bağıl nem (%), aylık ortalama rüzgâr şiddeti (km/saat), aylık ortalama yağış (mm) ve aylık ortalama güneşlenme süresi (saat) verileri temin edilmiştir. Veriler excel ortamında düzenlenmiştir. Veriler düzenlendikten sonra turizm iklim konforunun hesaplanmasında en yaygın olarak turizm konfor indeksi (TCI) formülü ile çalışma alanında yer alan meteorolojik gözlem istasyonlarına ait TCI değeri hesaplanmıştır. Açık kaynak koldu QGIS yazılımı içerisine meteorolojik gözlem istasyonları ve TCI değerleri atılmıştır. Ters mesafe ağırlıklı enterpolasyon yöntemi kullanılarak haziran, temmuz ve ağustos aylarına ait TCI haritası üretilmiştir. Bu haritalar üzerinde Aydın İli turizm iklim konforu değerlendirilmiştir.

Teşekkür

Makaleye ait verilerin Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğünden temin edilmesi nedeniyle teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

Kaynakça

  • Adiguzel F., Bozdogan Sert E., Dinc Y. et al. (2022). Determining the relationships between climatic elements and thermal comfort and tourism activities using the tourism climate index for urban planning: a case study of Izmir Province. Theor Appl Climatol 147, 1105–1120 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03874-9
  • Alonso-Pérez, S., López-Solano, J., Rodríguez-Mayor, L., Márquez-Martinón, J.M., (2021). Evaluation of the Tourism Climate Index in the Canary Islands. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7042. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137042
  • Dube K & Nhamo G (2020). Vulnerability of nature-based tourism to climate variability and change: Case of Kariba resort town, Zimbabwe. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 29, 100281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2020.100281
  • De Freitas C R (2003). Tourism climatology: evaluating environmental information for decision making and business planning in the recreation and tourism sector. International Journal of Biometeorology, 48(1), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-003-0177-z
  • Efe B & Gözet E (2021). Samsun ilinin turizm iklim indeksi değerlerinin trend analizi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(4), 1164-1176. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.876949
  • Gao C., Liu, J., Zhang S., Zhu H., Zhang X., (2022). The Coastal Tourism Climate Index (CTCI): Development, Validation, and Application for Chinese Coastal Cities. Sustainability 2022, 14, 1425. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031425
  • Güçlü Y (2010). Doğu Karadeniz Bölümü Kıyı Kuşağında İklim Konforu Şartlarının Kıyı Turizmi Yönünden İncelenmesi. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 8 (2), 111-136. https://doi.org/10.1501/Cogbil_0000000108
  • Güçlü Y (2015). Batı Karadeniz kıyı kuşağında klimatik konfor ve deniz turizmi mevsiminin iklim koşullarına göre belirlenmesi. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 0 (53), 1-14.
  • Hejazizadeh Z, Karbalaee A., Hosseini S A & Tabatabaei S A (2019). Comparison of the holiday climate index (HCI) and the tourism climate index (TCI) in desert regions and Makran coasts of Iran. Arab J Geosci 12, 803 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4997-5
  • Huang Y, Zhang X, Zhang D, Zhang L, Zhang W, Ren C, Pan T, Chu Z & Chen Y (2021). Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Arctic Summer Climate Comfort Level in the Context of Regional Tourism Resources from 1979 to 2019. Sustainability, 13, 13056. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313056
  • Kapetanakis D, Georgopoulou E, Mirasgedis S & Sarafidis Y (2022). Weather Preferences for Urban Tourism: An Empirical Study in the Greek Capital of Athens, Greece. Atmosphere 2022, 13, 282. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020282
  • Kum G & Gönençgil B (2018). Türkiye’nin Güneybatı Kıyılarında Turizm İklim Konforu, Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 17 (1), 70-87, https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.341541
  • Li P, Xiao X, Seekamp E, (2022).Climate adaptation planning for cultural heritages in coastal tourism destinations: A multi-objective optimization approach, Tourism Management, 88, 104380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104380
  • Masoudi M (2021). Estimation of the spatial climate comfort distribution using tourism climate index (TCI) and inverse distance weighting (IDW) (case study: Fars Province, Iran). Arab J Geosci 14, 363 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-06605-6
  • Mieczkowski Z (1985). The tourism climatic index: A method of evaluating world climates for tourism. The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe Canadien 1985, 29, 220–233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.1985.tb00365.x
  • Miszuk B (2021). Evaluation of Tourism-Climate Conditions in the Region of Kłodzko Land (Poland). Atmosphere 2021, 12, 907. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070907
  • Noome K & Fitchett J M (2019). An assessment of the climatic suitability of Afriski Mountain Resort for outdoor tourism using the Tourism Climate Index (TCI). J. Mt. Sci. 16, 2453–2469 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-019-5725-z
  • Öztürk K (2002). Küresel İklim Değişikliği ve Türkiye’ye Olası Etkileri, G.Ü. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 22 (1), 47-65.
  • Öztürk S & Kalaycı M (2018). Kastamonu-Çatalzeytin ve Çevresinin İklim Konforu Şartlarının Ekoturizm Aktiviteleri Yönünden İncelenmesi, Karabük Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8 (1), 12-21.
  • Pathak A, van Beynen P E, Akiwumi F A & Lindeman K C (2021). Impacts of climate change on the tourism sector of a Small Island Developing State: A case study for the Bahamas. Environmental Development 37, 100556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2020.100556
  • Pecelj M, Matzarakis A, Vujadinović M, Radovanović M, Vagić N, Đurić D & Cvetkovic, M. (2021). Temporal Analysis of Urban-Suburban PET, mPET and UTCI Indices in Belgrade (Serbia). Atmosphere 2021, 12, 916. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070916
  • Roshan G, Yousefi R & Fitchett J M (2016). Long-term trends in tourism climate index scores for 40 stations across Iran: the role of climate change and influence on tourism sustainability. Int J Biometeorol, 60, 33–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-015-1003-0
  • Türker A, Özaltın Türker G & Çelik A (2016). Dış Mekân Turizm ve Rekreasyon Faaliyetleri Açısından Muğla İli İklim Konforu Analizi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(4), 555-577. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusbed.36502
  • Tzenkova A, Ivancheva J, Koleva E & Videnov P (2007). The human comfort conditions at Bulgarian black sea side. 3rd International Workshop on Climate, Tourism and Recreation, Freiburg, Germany.
  • Wang H, You Q, Liu G & Wu F (2022). Climatology and trend of tourism climate index over China during 1979–2020. Atmospheric Research, 277, 106321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106321
  • Yang X, Li C, Bilal M & Jin S (2022). Fresh Air–Natural Microclimate Comfort Index: A New Tourism Climate Index Applied in Chinese Scenic Spots. Sustainability, 2022, 14(3), 1911. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031911
  • Zhao J & Wang S (2021). Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Prediction of Tourism Comprehensive Climate Comfort in Henan Province, China. Atmosphere 2021, 12 (7), 823. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070823

Analysis of Bioclimatic Comfort Conditions with Tourism Comfort Index in Aydın Province

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 65 - 70, 25.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.56130/tucbis.1175277

Öz

In the past few decades, tourism has become one of the most important economic activities in many countries. In recent years, there has been a decrease in tourism activities worldwide due to both epidemic and war. In Particular, Tourists come to Turkey from cold countries in the summer months. In addition to epidemics and wars, increasing temperature due to global climate change also affects tourism activities. People want to continue their tourism activities in environments where they feel most comfortable in the face of this increasing temperature. The most important factor affecting human activities is bioclimatic comfort conditions. It is important to identify these conditions. Various indices have been developed for bio comfort conditions. In this study, it was used for the data which are the temperature, monthly average and maximum relative humidity (%), monthly average wind speed (km/hour), monthly average precipitation (mm) and monthly average sunshine duration (hours) data for the months of June, July and August 2021 in Aydın Province has been provided. The data were organized in an excel environment. After the data were arranged, the TCI value of the meteorological observation stations in the study area was calculated with the most common Tourism Comfort Index (TCI) formula in calculating the tourism climate comfort. Meteorological observation stations and TCI values were imported into the open-source QGIS software. TCI maps for the months of June, July and August were produced using the inverse distance-weighted interpolation method. It has been evaluated on these maps for Aydın Province tourism climate comfort.

Kaynakça

  • Adiguzel F., Bozdogan Sert E., Dinc Y. et al. (2022). Determining the relationships between climatic elements and thermal comfort and tourism activities using the tourism climate index for urban planning: a case study of Izmir Province. Theor Appl Climatol 147, 1105–1120 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03874-9
  • Alonso-Pérez, S., López-Solano, J., Rodríguez-Mayor, L., Márquez-Martinón, J.M., (2021). Evaluation of the Tourism Climate Index in the Canary Islands. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7042. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137042
  • Dube K & Nhamo G (2020). Vulnerability of nature-based tourism to climate variability and change: Case of Kariba resort town, Zimbabwe. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 29, 100281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2020.100281
  • De Freitas C R (2003). Tourism climatology: evaluating environmental information for decision making and business planning in the recreation and tourism sector. International Journal of Biometeorology, 48(1), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-003-0177-z
  • Efe B & Gözet E (2021). Samsun ilinin turizm iklim indeksi değerlerinin trend analizi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(4), 1164-1176. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.876949
  • Gao C., Liu, J., Zhang S., Zhu H., Zhang X., (2022). The Coastal Tourism Climate Index (CTCI): Development, Validation, and Application for Chinese Coastal Cities. Sustainability 2022, 14, 1425. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031425
  • Güçlü Y (2010). Doğu Karadeniz Bölümü Kıyı Kuşağında İklim Konforu Şartlarının Kıyı Turizmi Yönünden İncelenmesi. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 8 (2), 111-136. https://doi.org/10.1501/Cogbil_0000000108
  • Güçlü Y (2015). Batı Karadeniz kıyı kuşağında klimatik konfor ve deniz turizmi mevsiminin iklim koşullarına göre belirlenmesi. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 0 (53), 1-14.
  • Hejazizadeh Z, Karbalaee A., Hosseini S A & Tabatabaei S A (2019). Comparison of the holiday climate index (HCI) and the tourism climate index (TCI) in desert regions and Makran coasts of Iran. Arab J Geosci 12, 803 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4997-5
  • Huang Y, Zhang X, Zhang D, Zhang L, Zhang W, Ren C, Pan T, Chu Z & Chen Y (2021). Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Arctic Summer Climate Comfort Level in the Context of Regional Tourism Resources from 1979 to 2019. Sustainability, 13, 13056. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313056
  • Kapetanakis D, Georgopoulou E, Mirasgedis S & Sarafidis Y (2022). Weather Preferences for Urban Tourism: An Empirical Study in the Greek Capital of Athens, Greece. Atmosphere 2022, 13, 282. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020282
  • Kum G & Gönençgil B (2018). Türkiye’nin Güneybatı Kıyılarında Turizm İklim Konforu, Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 17 (1), 70-87, https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.341541
  • Li P, Xiao X, Seekamp E, (2022).Climate adaptation planning for cultural heritages in coastal tourism destinations: A multi-objective optimization approach, Tourism Management, 88, 104380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104380
  • Masoudi M (2021). Estimation of the spatial climate comfort distribution using tourism climate index (TCI) and inverse distance weighting (IDW) (case study: Fars Province, Iran). Arab J Geosci 14, 363 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-06605-6
  • Mieczkowski Z (1985). The tourism climatic index: A method of evaluating world climates for tourism. The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe Canadien 1985, 29, 220–233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.1985.tb00365.x
  • Miszuk B (2021). Evaluation of Tourism-Climate Conditions in the Region of Kłodzko Land (Poland). Atmosphere 2021, 12, 907. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070907
  • Noome K & Fitchett J M (2019). An assessment of the climatic suitability of Afriski Mountain Resort for outdoor tourism using the Tourism Climate Index (TCI). J. Mt. Sci. 16, 2453–2469 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-019-5725-z
  • Öztürk K (2002). Küresel İklim Değişikliği ve Türkiye’ye Olası Etkileri, G.Ü. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 22 (1), 47-65.
  • Öztürk S & Kalaycı M (2018). Kastamonu-Çatalzeytin ve Çevresinin İklim Konforu Şartlarının Ekoturizm Aktiviteleri Yönünden İncelenmesi, Karabük Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8 (1), 12-21.
  • Pathak A, van Beynen P E, Akiwumi F A & Lindeman K C (2021). Impacts of climate change on the tourism sector of a Small Island Developing State: A case study for the Bahamas. Environmental Development 37, 100556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2020.100556
  • Pecelj M, Matzarakis A, Vujadinović M, Radovanović M, Vagić N, Đurić D & Cvetkovic, M. (2021). Temporal Analysis of Urban-Suburban PET, mPET and UTCI Indices in Belgrade (Serbia). Atmosphere 2021, 12, 916. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070916
  • Roshan G, Yousefi R & Fitchett J M (2016). Long-term trends in tourism climate index scores for 40 stations across Iran: the role of climate change and influence on tourism sustainability. Int J Biometeorol, 60, 33–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-015-1003-0
  • Türker A, Özaltın Türker G & Çelik A (2016). Dış Mekân Turizm ve Rekreasyon Faaliyetleri Açısından Muğla İli İklim Konforu Analizi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(4), 555-577. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusbed.36502
  • Tzenkova A, Ivancheva J, Koleva E & Videnov P (2007). The human comfort conditions at Bulgarian black sea side. 3rd International Workshop on Climate, Tourism and Recreation, Freiburg, Germany.
  • Wang H, You Q, Liu G & Wu F (2022). Climatology and trend of tourism climate index over China during 1979–2020. Atmospheric Research, 277, 106321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106321
  • Yang X, Li C, Bilal M & Jin S (2022). Fresh Air–Natural Microclimate Comfort Index: A New Tourism Climate Index Applied in Chinese Scenic Spots. Sustainability, 2022, 14(3), 1911. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031911
  • Zhao J & Wang S (2021). Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Prediction of Tourism Comprehensive Climate Comfort in Henan Province, China. Atmosphere 2021, 12 (7), 823. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070823
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Betül Gülay Kaya 0000-0001-8576-9801

Şenay Güngör 0000-0001-5453-5930

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 20 Aralık 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaya, B. G., & Güngör, Ş. (2022). Aydın İli Biyoklimatik Konfor Şartlarının Turizm Konfor İndeksi ile Analizi. Türkiye Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri Dergisi, 4(2), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.56130/tucbis.1175277