There are times when there is no need for medication: psychiatric medicalization

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 111 - 119, 28.12.2024

M. Kemal Temel

Öz

The medicalization of human conditions previously not within the scope of medical intervention, i.e., their description in medical terms and presentation as problematic, pathological conditions that need to be resolved by medical intervention (treatment), has since the 1970s been an increasingly frequent phenomenon, increasingly addressed in biomedical ethics. Since the notions of “normal” and “abnormal”, or “healthy” and “ill”, are particularly subjective in psychiatry compared to other branches of medicine, psychological conditions were among the first human conditions to be medicalized, and psychiatry is among the first medical specialties to have been associated with medicalization. The present research study deals with medicalization, particularly pharmaceuticalization, by reviewing the historical evolution of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association), giving examples in terms of two mental entities (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and depression), and focusing on industrial manipulators/mechanisms. Findings are presented together with bioethical reflection.

Anahtar Kelimeler

depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, pharmaceuticalization, medicalization, psychiatry

Proje Numarası

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Bazen de İlaç İçilmeyebilir: Psikiyatrik Medikalizasyon

Öz

Daha önce tıpla ilintili olmayan, tıbbın müdahale alanında yer almayan kimi insanî hâllerin tıbbî terminoloji ile tarifi ve de tıbbî müdahale (tedavi) ile giderilmesi gereken problematik, patolojik hâller olarak takdimi, yani medikalize edilişi, 1970’lerden beri giderek daha sıkça gözlemlenen, böylece biyomedikal etikte giderek daha fazla değinilen bir olgudur. “Normal” ve “anormal”, ya da “sağlıklı” ve “hasta” kavramları tıbbın diğer branşlarına kıyasla psikiyatride bilhassa göreceli, öznel bir mahiyette olduğundan, psikolojik hâller medikalize edilen ilk insanî hâllerden, psikiyatri ise medikalizasyonla anılan ilk tıbbî branşlardan olmuştur. Bu araştırmada medikalizasyon, özellikle de farmasötikalizasyon, Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği’nce yayımlanan Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal Elkitabı’nın tarihsel değişimi incelenerek, iki mental antite (dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu ile depresyon) üzerinden örnekler verilerek, ve de endüstriyel manipülatörler/mekanizmalar üzerinde durularak ele alınmıştır. Bulgular biyoetik refleksiyonla birlikte sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

depresyon, dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu, farmasötikalizasyon, medikalizasyon, psikiyatri

Etik Beyan

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Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

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Kaynakça

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