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21. Yüzyılda Dijital Reklam Okuryazarlığının Türkiye İçin Önemi

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 38, 505 - 511, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.17829/turcom.933648

Öz

21. yüzyıl, hedef kitlesini istenilen yönde düşünme, davranma ve yaşama konusunda ikna etmek amacıyla
onlara ulaşmak için mümkün olabilecek her kanalı kullanan çeşitli reklam türleri ile sarmalanmış bir
dünyada insanların yaşamlarını sürdürdüğüne ve reklam endüstrisinin dijital teknolojilerin sağladığı
olanakların yardımı ile birlikte her geçen gün ilerleme kaydettiğine tanıklık etmektedir. Bu sebeple, bu
yüzyılda insanların bu ilerlemenin gerisinde kalmaktan kaçınmaları ve dijital reklamlara açık veya gizil
biçimde yerleştirilmiş olan herhangi bir ikna edici mesaj karşısında kendilerini savunmak ve güçlendirmek
için gerekli becerileri kazanmaları önem arz etmektedir. Türkiye açısından duruma bakıldığında, dijital
reklam yatırımı ve harcamaları oranının son zamanlarda önemli düzeyde artış sergilediği görülmektedir ve
dijital ortamlarda daha fazla zaman geçirmeye başlayan insanların da bu durumdan ötürü dijital reklamın
sayısız ve farklı türleri ile karşılaşma olasılığının artması söz konusu olabilmektedir. Bu bakış açısından
hareketle, değerlendirme türündeki bu çalışma konuya ilişkin öncül araştırmaların bulguları ışığında dijital
reklam okuryazarlığının önemini Türkiye bağlamında tartışmayı amaç edinmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • An, S., Jin, H. S. & Park, E. H. (2014). Children’s Advertising Literacy for Advergames: Perception of the Game as Advertising. Journal of Advertising, 43(1), 63-72. DOI: 10.1080/00913.367.2013.795123.
  • Ardıç Çobaner, A. & Öğüt, P. (2017). Watching food commercials with children: A critical advertising literacy study. CIM2017 Symposium Book (pp. 202-211), 16-19 May 2017, Irvine, USA.
  • Buijzen, M. & Valkenburg, P. M. (2005). Parental Mediation of Undesired Advertising Effects. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 49(2), 153-165. DOI: 10.1207/s15506878jobem4902_1.
  • Cornish, L. S. (2014). ‘Mum, can I play on the internet?’: Parents’ understanding, perception and responses to online advertising designed for children. International Journal of Advertising: The Review of Marketing Communication, 33(3), 437-473. DOI: 10.2501/IJA-33-3-437-473.
  • Çalışkan, S. & Baytimur, T. (2019). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Reklam Okuryazarlığı Üzerine Bir Çalışma. INJOSS Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(Ek Sayı), 27-44.
  • Çelik, Y. (2016). An Evaluation on Advertising Literacy Education: An Assessment of Media Literacy Curriculum in Terms of Advertising Literacy in Turkey. Humanitas, 4(8), 65-83. DOI: 10.20304/humanitas.277537.
  • De Pauw, P., De Wolf, R., Hudders, L. & Cauberghe, V. (2018). From persuasive messages to tactics: Exploring children’s knowledge and judgement of new advertising formats. New Media & Society, 20(7), 2604- 2628. DOI: 10.1177/146.144.4817728425.
  • Del Mar Pàmies, M., Ryan, G. & Valverde, M. (2016). How Intervention Can Empower Children As Consumers in Dealing with Advertising. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 40, 601-609. DOI: 10.1111/ ijcs.12305.
  • Erdem, M. N. (2014). Tüketime Dayalı Bilinç Endüstrisi ve Reklam Bağlamında Bir Dijital Reklam Okuryazarlığı Eğitim Modeli Önerisi. (Unpublished PhD Dissertation). Kocaeli University – Institute of Social Sciences, Kocaeli.
  • Hudders, L., Cauberghe, V. & Panic, K. (2016). How Advertising Literacy Training Affect Children’s Responses to Television Commercials versus Advergames. International Journal of Advertising, 35(6), 909-931. DOI: 10.1080/02650.487.2015.1090045.
  • Hudders, L., De Pauw, P., Cauberghe, V., Panic, K., Zarouali, B. & Rozendaal, E. (2017). Shedding New Light on How Advertising Literacy Affect Children’s Processing of Embedded Advertising Formats: A Future Research Agenda. The Journal of Advertising, 46(2), 333-349. DOI: 10.1080/00913.367.2016.1269303.
  • Hwang, Y., Yum, J.-Y. & Jeong, S.-H. (2018). What Components Should Be Included in Advertising Literacy Education? Effect of Component Types and the Moderating Role of Age. Journal of Advertising, 47(4), 347-361. DOI: 10.1080/00913.367.2018.1546628.
  • IAB Turkey. (2019a). Dijital Reklamcılık Dünyasında Çalışmak. Accessed on 21.05.2020 from https://bit. ly/3yXliUN.
  • IAB Turkey. (2019b). IAB Avrupa AdEx Benchmark 2019. Accessed on 21.05.2020 from https://bit.ly/3z7fFDE.
  • Kelly-Holmes, H. (2016). Digital Advertising. In: A. Georgakopoulou & T. Spilioti (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Language and Digital Communication, (pp. 212-225), Abingdon Oxon: Routledge.
  • Kömür, M. (2019). Tüketicilerin Reklam Okuryazarlık Düzeyinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma: Tokat İli Örneği. (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Institute of Social Sciences, Tokat.
  • Livingstone, S. & Helsper, E. J. (2006). Does Advertising Literacy Mediate the Effects of Advertising on Children? A Critical Examination of Two Linked Research Literatures in Relation to Obesity and Food Choice. Journal of Communication, 56(3), 560-584. DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00301.x.
  • Macdonald, E. K. & Uncles, M. D. (2007). Consumer Savvy: Conceptualisation and Measurement. Journal of Marketing Management, 23(5-6), 497-517. DOI: 10.1362/026725707X212793.
  • Malmelin, N. (2010). What is Advertising Literacy? Exploring the Dimensions of Advertising Literacy. Journal of Visual – 142. DOI: 10.1080/23796.529.2010.11674677.
  • Nas, A. (2013). Reklamlarda Gençlik Kimliğinin Kurgulanması: “Genç Turkcell” Örneği. Selçuk İletişim, 8(1), 116-127.
  • Nas, A. (2015a). Kadına Yönelik Simgesel Şiddet Aracı Olarak Temizlik Ürünleri Reklamlarının Eleştirel Analizi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24, 11-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.437205.
  • Nas, A. (2015b). Women Chewing Gum: Feminist Critical Analysis of Advertising as Symbolic Violence. ilef dergisi, 2(2), 35-54.
  • Nas, A. (2016). Familialization of women: Gender ideology in Turkey’s public service advertisements. Fe Dergi: Feminist Eleştiri, 8(1), 168-182. DOI: 10.1501/Fe0001_000.000.0159.
  • Nas, A. (2018). Reconsidering Advertising Literacy from a Semiotic Perspective. Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Teaching, Education & Learning (ICTEL), 23-24 May 2018, Lisbon, Portugal.
  • Nelson, M. R. (2016). Developing Persuasion Knowledge by Teaching Advertising Literacy in Primary School. Journal of Advertising, 45(2), 169-182. DOI: 10.1080/00913.367.2015.1107871.
  • Owen, L., Lewis, C., Auty, S. & Buijzen, M. (2013). Is Children’s Understanding of Nontraditional Advertising Comparable to Their Understanding of Television Advertising?. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 32(2), 195-206. DOI: 10.1509/jppm.09.003.
  • Panic, K., Cauberghe, V. & de Pelsmacker, P. (2013). Comparing TV Ads and Advergames Targeting Children: The Impact of Persuasion Knowledge on Behavioral Responses. Journal of Advertising, 42(2-3), 264-273. DOI: 10.1080/00913.367.2013.774605.
  • Ponelienė, R. (2012). Children’s Knowledge of Branding: Guidelines for Nurturing Resistance to Advertising. Issues in Early Education: Political Contexts of Childhood, 8(2), 109-115.
  • Reklamcılar Derneği. (2020). Türkiye’de Tahmini Medya ve Reklam Yatırımları: 2019 Yıl Sonu Raporu. Accessed on 21.05.2020 from https://bit.ly/3cgqtpa.
  • Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M. & Valkenburg, P. (2009). Do Children’s Cognitive Advertising Defenses Reduce Their Desire for Advertised Products? Communications, 34, 287-303. DOI: 10.1515/COMM.2009.018.
  • Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M. & Valkenburg, P. (2010). Comparing Children’s and Adults’ Cognitive Advertising Competences in the Netherlands. Journal of Children and Media, 4(1), 77-89. DOI: 10.1080/174.827.90903407333.
  • Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M. & Valkenburg, P. (2011). Children’s Understanding of Advertisers’ Persuasive Tactics. International Journal of Advertising, 30(2), 329-350. DOI: 10.2501/IJA-30-2-329-350.
  • Rozendaal, E., Opree, S. J. & Buijzen, M. (2016). Development and Validation of a Survey Instrument to Measure Children’s Advertising Literacy. Media Psychology, 19(1), 72-100. DOI: 10.1080/15213.269.2014.885843.
  • Samav, U. (2019). Ebeveynlerin Televizyonlarda Çocuklara Yönelik Yapılan Gıda Reklamlarına İlişkin Tutumlarının, Kaygılarının ve Yasal Düzenlemelere İlişkin Görüşlerinin Belirlenmesi. (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). Balıkesir University, Institute of Social Sciences, Balıkesir.
  • Spielvogel, J. & Terlutter, R. (2011). Children’s Advertising Literacy: Do BMI, Body Shape Perception, Self- Esteem and TV Exposure Matter? In: S. Okazaki (Ed.), Advances in Advertising Research: Breaking New Ground in Theory and Practice, Vol. 2, (pp. 145-160), Germany: Gabler.
  • Statista. (2020). Digital advertising spending in Turkey 2007-2019, by type. Accessed on 21.05.2020 from https:// bit.ly/3vSnkDK.
  • Taşkaya, M. & Aydoğan, H. (2019). Advertainment Dünyasının ‘Oyun’una Karşı, Eleştirel Medya Okuryazarlığı. ETHOS: Felsefe ve Toplumsal Bilimlerde Diyaloglar, 12(1), 94-131.
  • Taylor, C. R. (2009). Editorial. International Journal of Advertising: The Review od Marketing Communications, 28(3), 411-418. DOI: 10.2501/S026.504.8709200679.
  • Tutaj, K. & van Reijmersdal, E. A. (2012). Effects of Online Advertising Format and Persuasion Knowledge on Audience Reactions. Journal of Marketing Communication, 18(1), 5-18. DOI: 10.1080/13527.266.2011.620765.
  • Valkenburg, P. M. & Buijzen, M. (2005). Identifying determinants of young children’s brand awareness: Television, parents, and peers. Applied Developmental Psychology, 26, 456-468. DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2005.04.004.
  • van Reijmersdal, E. A., Rozendaal, E. & Buijzen, M. (2011). Effects of Prominence, Involvement, and Persuasion Knowledge on Children’s Cognitive and Affective Responses to Advergames. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26, 33-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.intmar.2011.04.005.
  • Verhellen, Y., Oates, C., de Pelsmacker, P. & Dens, N. (2014). Children’s Responses to Traditional versus Hybrid Advertising Formats: The Moderating Role of Persuasion Knowledge. Journal of Consumer Policy, 37(2), 235-255. DOI: 10.1007/s10603.014.9257-1.
  • We Are Social & Hootsuite. (2020a). Digital 2020: Turkey. Accessed on 21.05.2020 from https://bit.ly/2SZShXM.
  • We Are Social & Hootsuite. (2020b). Digital 2020: April Global Statshot Report. Accessed on 21.05.2020 from https://bit.ly/3uRp0vT.
  • Wei, M.-L., Fischer, E. & Main, K. J. (2008). An Examination of the Effects of Activating Persuasion Knowledge on Consumer Response to Brands Engaging in Covert Marketing. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 27(1), 34-44. DOI: 10.1509/jppm.27.1.34.
  • Wright, P., Friestad, M. & Boush, D. M. (2005). The Development of Marketplace Persuasion Knowledge in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 24(2), 222-233. DOI: 10.1509/jppm.2005.24.2.222.
  • Yates, B. L. (2001). Media Literacy and Attitude Change: Assessing the Effectiveness of Media Literacy Training on Children’s Responses to Persuasive Messages within the ELM. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the Broadcast Education Association, pp. 1-33, 20-23 April 2001, Las Vegas, NV, USA.

The Necessity of Digital Advertising Literacy for Turkey in the 21st Century

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 38, 505 - 511, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.17829/turcom.933648

Öz

The 21st century witnesses that people live in a world intertwined with various kinds of advertising, which
utilize any possible channel to reach its audience to persuade them to think, behave and live in the desired
way, and that the advertising industry progresses further each passing day with the help of opportunities
provided by digital technologies. Therefore, it is vital for the people in this century to avoid falling behind
this progress and develop the necessary skills to defend and empower themselves against any persuasive
messages embedded explicitly or implicitly in digital advertisements. When Turkey is considered, it is seen that the rates of digital ad investments and spending have shown a considerable increase lately, resulting
in a possible increase in the probability of people encountering numerous and different types of digital
advertising during their time spent online, which has also increased dramatically in recent years. From
this point of view, drawing from some preliminary research, this paper attempts to discuss the necessity of
digital advertising literacy in the context of Turkey.

Kaynakça

  • An, S., Jin, H. S. & Park, E. H. (2014). Children’s Advertising Literacy for Advergames: Perception of the Game as Advertising. Journal of Advertising, 43(1), 63-72. DOI: 10.1080/00913.367.2013.795123.
  • Ardıç Çobaner, A. & Öğüt, P. (2017). Watching food commercials with children: A critical advertising literacy study. CIM2017 Symposium Book (pp. 202-211), 16-19 May 2017, Irvine, USA.
  • Buijzen, M. & Valkenburg, P. M. (2005). Parental Mediation of Undesired Advertising Effects. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 49(2), 153-165. DOI: 10.1207/s15506878jobem4902_1.
  • Cornish, L. S. (2014). ‘Mum, can I play on the internet?’: Parents’ understanding, perception and responses to online advertising designed for children. International Journal of Advertising: The Review of Marketing Communication, 33(3), 437-473. DOI: 10.2501/IJA-33-3-437-473.
  • Çalışkan, S. & Baytimur, T. (2019). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Reklam Okuryazarlığı Üzerine Bir Çalışma. INJOSS Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(Ek Sayı), 27-44.
  • Çelik, Y. (2016). An Evaluation on Advertising Literacy Education: An Assessment of Media Literacy Curriculum in Terms of Advertising Literacy in Turkey. Humanitas, 4(8), 65-83. DOI: 10.20304/humanitas.277537.
  • De Pauw, P., De Wolf, R., Hudders, L. & Cauberghe, V. (2018). From persuasive messages to tactics: Exploring children’s knowledge and judgement of new advertising formats. New Media & Society, 20(7), 2604- 2628. DOI: 10.1177/146.144.4817728425.
  • Del Mar Pàmies, M., Ryan, G. & Valverde, M. (2016). How Intervention Can Empower Children As Consumers in Dealing with Advertising. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 40, 601-609. DOI: 10.1111/ ijcs.12305.
  • Erdem, M. N. (2014). Tüketime Dayalı Bilinç Endüstrisi ve Reklam Bağlamında Bir Dijital Reklam Okuryazarlığı Eğitim Modeli Önerisi. (Unpublished PhD Dissertation). Kocaeli University – Institute of Social Sciences, Kocaeli.
  • Hudders, L., Cauberghe, V. & Panic, K. (2016). How Advertising Literacy Training Affect Children’s Responses to Television Commercials versus Advergames. International Journal of Advertising, 35(6), 909-931. DOI: 10.1080/02650.487.2015.1090045.
  • Hudders, L., De Pauw, P., Cauberghe, V., Panic, K., Zarouali, B. & Rozendaal, E. (2017). Shedding New Light on How Advertising Literacy Affect Children’s Processing of Embedded Advertising Formats: A Future Research Agenda. The Journal of Advertising, 46(2), 333-349. DOI: 10.1080/00913.367.2016.1269303.
  • Hwang, Y., Yum, J.-Y. & Jeong, S.-H. (2018). What Components Should Be Included in Advertising Literacy Education? Effect of Component Types and the Moderating Role of Age. Journal of Advertising, 47(4), 347-361. DOI: 10.1080/00913.367.2018.1546628.
  • IAB Turkey. (2019a). Dijital Reklamcılık Dünyasında Çalışmak. Accessed on 21.05.2020 from https://bit. ly/3yXliUN.
  • IAB Turkey. (2019b). IAB Avrupa AdEx Benchmark 2019. Accessed on 21.05.2020 from https://bit.ly/3z7fFDE.
  • Kelly-Holmes, H. (2016). Digital Advertising. In: A. Georgakopoulou & T. Spilioti (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Language and Digital Communication, (pp. 212-225), Abingdon Oxon: Routledge.
  • Kömür, M. (2019). Tüketicilerin Reklam Okuryazarlık Düzeyinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma: Tokat İli Örneği. (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Institute of Social Sciences, Tokat.
  • Livingstone, S. & Helsper, E. J. (2006). Does Advertising Literacy Mediate the Effects of Advertising on Children? A Critical Examination of Two Linked Research Literatures in Relation to Obesity and Food Choice. Journal of Communication, 56(3), 560-584. DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00301.x.
  • Macdonald, E. K. & Uncles, M. D. (2007). Consumer Savvy: Conceptualisation and Measurement. Journal of Marketing Management, 23(5-6), 497-517. DOI: 10.1362/026725707X212793.
  • Malmelin, N. (2010). What is Advertising Literacy? Exploring the Dimensions of Advertising Literacy. Journal of Visual – 142. DOI: 10.1080/23796.529.2010.11674677.
  • Nas, A. (2013). Reklamlarda Gençlik Kimliğinin Kurgulanması: “Genç Turkcell” Örneği. Selçuk İletişim, 8(1), 116-127.
  • Nas, A. (2015a). Kadına Yönelik Simgesel Şiddet Aracı Olarak Temizlik Ürünleri Reklamlarının Eleştirel Analizi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24, 11-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.437205.
  • Nas, A. (2015b). Women Chewing Gum: Feminist Critical Analysis of Advertising as Symbolic Violence. ilef dergisi, 2(2), 35-54.
  • Nas, A. (2016). Familialization of women: Gender ideology in Turkey’s public service advertisements. Fe Dergi: Feminist Eleştiri, 8(1), 168-182. DOI: 10.1501/Fe0001_000.000.0159.
  • Nas, A. (2018). Reconsidering Advertising Literacy from a Semiotic Perspective. Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Teaching, Education & Learning (ICTEL), 23-24 May 2018, Lisbon, Portugal.
  • Nelson, M. R. (2016). Developing Persuasion Knowledge by Teaching Advertising Literacy in Primary School. Journal of Advertising, 45(2), 169-182. DOI: 10.1080/00913.367.2015.1107871.
  • Owen, L., Lewis, C., Auty, S. & Buijzen, M. (2013). Is Children’s Understanding of Nontraditional Advertising Comparable to Their Understanding of Television Advertising?. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 32(2), 195-206. DOI: 10.1509/jppm.09.003.
  • Panic, K., Cauberghe, V. & de Pelsmacker, P. (2013). Comparing TV Ads and Advergames Targeting Children: The Impact of Persuasion Knowledge on Behavioral Responses. Journal of Advertising, 42(2-3), 264-273. DOI: 10.1080/00913.367.2013.774605.
  • Ponelienė, R. (2012). Children’s Knowledge of Branding: Guidelines for Nurturing Resistance to Advertising. Issues in Early Education: Political Contexts of Childhood, 8(2), 109-115.
  • Reklamcılar Derneği. (2020). Türkiye’de Tahmini Medya ve Reklam Yatırımları: 2019 Yıl Sonu Raporu. Accessed on 21.05.2020 from https://bit.ly/3cgqtpa.
  • Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M. & Valkenburg, P. (2009). Do Children’s Cognitive Advertising Defenses Reduce Their Desire for Advertised Products? Communications, 34, 287-303. DOI: 10.1515/COMM.2009.018.
  • Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M. & Valkenburg, P. (2010). Comparing Children’s and Adults’ Cognitive Advertising Competences in the Netherlands. Journal of Children and Media, 4(1), 77-89. DOI: 10.1080/174.827.90903407333.
  • Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M. & Valkenburg, P. (2011). Children’s Understanding of Advertisers’ Persuasive Tactics. International Journal of Advertising, 30(2), 329-350. DOI: 10.2501/IJA-30-2-329-350.
  • Rozendaal, E., Opree, S. J. & Buijzen, M. (2016). Development and Validation of a Survey Instrument to Measure Children’s Advertising Literacy. Media Psychology, 19(1), 72-100. DOI: 10.1080/15213.269.2014.885843.
  • Samav, U. (2019). Ebeveynlerin Televizyonlarda Çocuklara Yönelik Yapılan Gıda Reklamlarına İlişkin Tutumlarının, Kaygılarının ve Yasal Düzenlemelere İlişkin Görüşlerinin Belirlenmesi. (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). Balıkesir University, Institute of Social Sciences, Balıkesir.
  • Spielvogel, J. & Terlutter, R. (2011). Children’s Advertising Literacy: Do BMI, Body Shape Perception, Self- Esteem and TV Exposure Matter? In: S. Okazaki (Ed.), Advances in Advertising Research: Breaking New Ground in Theory and Practice, Vol. 2, (pp. 145-160), Germany: Gabler.
  • Statista. (2020). Digital advertising spending in Turkey 2007-2019, by type. Accessed on 21.05.2020 from https:// bit.ly/3vSnkDK.
  • Taşkaya, M. & Aydoğan, H. (2019). Advertainment Dünyasının ‘Oyun’una Karşı, Eleştirel Medya Okuryazarlığı. ETHOS: Felsefe ve Toplumsal Bilimlerde Diyaloglar, 12(1), 94-131.
  • Taylor, C. R. (2009). Editorial. International Journal of Advertising: The Review od Marketing Communications, 28(3), 411-418. DOI: 10.2501/S026.504.8709200679.
  • Tutaj, K. & van Reijmersdal, E. A. (2012). Effects of Online Advertising Format and Persuasion Knowledge on Audience Reactions. Journal of Marketing Communication, 18(1), 5-18. DOI: 10.1080/13527.266.2011.620765.
  • Valkenburg, P. M. & Buijzen, M. (2005). Identifying determinants of young children’s brand awareness: Television, parents, and peers. Applied Developmental Psychology, 26, 456-468. DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2005.04.004.
  • van Reijmersdal, E. A., Rozendaal, E. & Buijzen, M. (2011). Effects of Prominence, Involvement, and Persuasion Knowledge on Children’s Cognitive and Affective Responses to Advergames. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26, 33-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.intmar.2011.04.005.
  • Verhellen, Y., Oates, C., de Pelsmacker, P. & Dens, N. (2014). Children’s Responses to Traditional versus Hybrid Advertising Formats: The Moderating Role of Persuasion Knowledge. Journal of Consumer Policy, 37(2), 235-255. DOI: 10.1007/s10603.014.9257-1.
  • We Are Social & Hootsuite. (2020a). Digital 2020: Turkey. Accessed on 21.05.2020 from https://bit.ly/2SZShXM.
  • We Are Social & Hootsuite. (2020b). Digital 2020: April Global Statshot Report. Accessed on 21.05.2020 from https://bit.ly/3uRp0vT.
  • Wei, M.-L., Fischer, E. & Main, K. J. (2008). An Examination of the Effects of Activating Persuasion Knowledge on Consumer Response to Brands Engaging in Covert Marketing. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 27(1), 34-44. DOI: 10.1509/jppm.27.1.34.
  • Wright, P., Friestad, M. & Boush, D. M. (2005). The Development of Marketplace Persuasion Knowledge in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 24(2), 222-233. DOI: 10.1509/jppm.2005.24.2.222.
  • Yates, B. L. (2001). Media Literacy and Attitude Change: Assessing the Effectiveness of Media Literacy Training on Children’s Responses to Persuasive Messages within the ELM. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the Broadcast Education Association, pp. 1-33, 20-23 April 2001, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Derleme Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hediye Aydoğan 0000-0001-9696-8742

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Mayıs 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 38

Kaynak Göster

APA Aydoğan, H. (2021). The Necessity of Digital Advertising Literacy for Turkey in the 21st Century. Türkiye İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi(38), 505-511. https://doi.org/10.17829/turcom.933648

Türkiye İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi'nde yayımlanan tüm makaleler Creative Commons Atıf-Gayri Ticari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.