Evaluation of Flow Conveyance in Compound Channels with a Neuro-Fuzzy Modeling Approach

Öz

Accurate estimation of river discharge is a fundamental requirement for flood management, hydraulic design, and river engineering applications. Compound open channels provide a realistic representation of natural rivers due to the interaction between the main channel and adjacent floodplains. However, predicting discharge in compound channels through conventional analytical methods often involves solving complex nonlinear equations, which can be computationally demanding and time-consuming. To overcome these limitations, intelligent data-driven approaches have gained increasing attention in recent years. In this study, an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) was employed to model and predict flow discharge in compound open channels. The performance of the proposed ANFIS model was evaluated and compared with conventional analytical approaches, including the divided channel method using horizontal interface lines. The results indicated that the analytical method achieved a correlation coefficient of approximately 0.87, whereas the ANFIS model provided superior predictive capability with a correlation coefficient of 0.92. Sensitivity analysis further revealed that the depth ratio, hydraulic radius ratio, and area ratio were the most influential parameters affecting discharge prediction. The findings demonstrate that the ANFIS approach offers a reliable and efficient alternative to traditional methods for estimating discharge in compound open channels and can be effectively applied to complex hydraulic systems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Flow conveyance
• Compound Open Channel
• divided channel method
• ANFIS.

Kaynakça

1. [1] Greco M, Carravetta A, Morte RD (2004) River Flow 2004. vol v. 1. A.A. Balkema.
2. [2] Te Chow V, Maidment D, Mays L (2013) Applied Hydrology, 2nd Edition. McGraw-Hill Companies,Incorporated.
3. [3] Te Chow V (2009) Open-channel Hydraulics. Blackburn Press.
4. [4] Bousmar D, Zech Y (1999) Momentum Transfer for Practical Flow Computation in Compound Channels. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 125 (7): 696-706. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429 (1999) 125:7 (696)
5. [5] Prinos P, Townsend R, Tavoularis S (1985) Structure of Turbulence in Compound Channel Flows. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 111 (9):1246-1261. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1985)111:9(1246).
6. [6] Wormleaton P, Hadjipanos P (1985) Flow Distribution in Compound Channels. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 111 (2):357-361. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1985)111:2(357)
7. [7] Bousmar D, Wilkin N, Jacquemart J, Zech Y (2004) Overbank Flow in Symmetrically Narrowing Floodplains. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 130 (4):305-312. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:4(305)
8. [8] Hosseini SM (2004) Equations for Discharge Calculation in Compound Channels having Homogeneous Roughness. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology Transaction B-Engineering, Vol. 28, No. B5

9. [9] Myers W (1987) Velocity and Discharge in Compound Channels. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 113 (6):753-766. doi:doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1987)113:6(753)
10. [10] Stephenson D, Kolovopoulos P (1990) Effects of Momentum Transfer in Compound Channels. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 116 (12):1512-1522. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1990)116:12(1512).
11. [11] Ghahramanzadeh, A., Mohammadi, M., & Daneshfaraz, R. (2025).The effect of sloping floodplain on flow resistance and discharge in straight compound channels with single floodplain. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 102, 102810.
12. [12] Al-Khatib IA, Dweik AA, Gogus M (2012) Evaluation of separate channel methods for discharge computation in asymmetric compound channels. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 24 (0):19-25. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2012.02.004
13. [13] Huthoff F, Roos P, Augustijn D, Hulscher S (2008) Interacting Divided Channel Method for Compound Channel Flow. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 134 (8):1158-1165. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:8(1158)
14. [14] Liao H, Knight D (2007) Analytic Stage-Discharge Formulas for Flow in Straight Prismatic Channels. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 133 (10):1111-1122. doi: http://10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:10(1111).
15. [15] Seckin G (2004) A comparison of one-dimensional methods for estimating discharge capacity of straight compound channels. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 31 (4):619-631. doi:10.1139/l04-053.
16. [16] Yang K, Liu X, Cao S, Huang E (2014) Stage-Discharge Prediction in Compound Channels. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 140 (4): 06014001. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000834
17. [17] Khatua K, Patra K, Mohanty P (2012) Stage-Discharge Prediction for Straight and Smooth Compound Channels with Wide Floodplains. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 138 (1): 93-99. doi: http://10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000491
18. [18] Azamathulla HM, Zahiri A (2012) Flow discharge prediction in compound channels using linear genetic programming. Journal of Hydrology 454–455 (0):203-207. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.05.065
19. [19] Zahiri A, Azamathulla HM (2014) Comparison between linear genetic programming and M5 tree models to predict flow discharge in compound channels. Neural Comput & Applic 24 (2):413-420. doi:10.1007/s00521-012-1247-0
20. [20] Unal B, Mamak M, Seckin G, Cobaner M (2010) Comparison of an ANN approach with 1-D and 2-D methods for estimating discharge capacity of straight compound channels. Advances in Engineering Software 41 (2): 120-129. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2009.10.002
21. [21] Riahi-Madvar H, Ayyoubzadeh SA, Khadangi E, Ebadzadeh MM (2009) An expert system for predicting longitudinal dispersion coefficient in natural streams by using ANFIS. Expert Systems with Applications 36 (4):8589-8596. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2008.10.043.
22. [22] Daneshfaraz, R., Abam M., Heidarpour, M., Abbasi, M., Seifollahi, M., and Abraham, J.; The impact of cables on local scouring of bridge piers using experimental study and ANN, ANFIS algorithms. Water Supply 1 January 2022; 22 (1): 1075–1093. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.215
23. [23] Kalateh, F., Aminvash, E., & Daneshfaraz, R. (2024). On the hydraulic performance of the inclined drops: the effect of downstream macro-roughness elements. AQUA-Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society, 73(3), 553-568. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2024.304
24. [24] Daneshfaraz, R., Aminvash, E., Mirzaee, R., & Abraham, J. (2021). Predicting the energy dissipation of a rough sudden expansion rectangular stilling basins using the SVM algorithm. Journal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater, 8(2), 98-106. doi: http://10.22126/arww.2021.5886.1195
25. [25] Abbaszadeh, H., Daneshfaraz, R., & Norouzi, R. (2026). Experimental Analysis of Hydraulic Behavior of Flow through Sluice Gates with Variable Openings. Turkish Journal of Hydraulic, 2. https://izlik.org/JA75SJ97XH
26. [26] Donald W. Knight, John D. Demetriou (1984, Boundary Shear in Smooth Rectangular Channels Journal of Hydraulic EngineeringList of IssuesVol. 110, No. 4, 1984
27. [27] Naot D, Nezu I, Nakagawa H (1993) Calculation of Compound‐Open‐Channel Flow. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 119 (12):1418-1426. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1993)119:12(1418).
28. [28] Tang X, Knight DW, Samuels PG (1999) Variable parameter Muskingum-Cunge method for flood routing in a compound channel. Journal of Hydraulic Research 37 (5):591-614. doi:10.1080/00221689909498519
29. [29] Seckin G, Mamak M, Atabay S, Omran M (2009) Discharge estimation in compound channels with fixed and mobile bed. Sadhana 34 (6):923-945. doi:10.1007/s12046-009-0056-3.
30. [30] Sahu M, Khatua KK, Mahapatra SS (2011) A neural network approach for prediction of discharge in straight compound open channel flow. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 22 (5):438-446. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2011.06.009.
31. [31] Yonesi HA, Omid MH, Ayyoubzadeh SA (2013) The Hydraulics of Flow in Non-Prismatic Compound Channels. Journal of Civil Engineering and Urbanism 3 (6):342-356.
32. [32] Atabay S, Knight DW (2006) 1-D modelling of conveyance, boundary shear and sediment transport in overbank flow. Journal of Hydraulic Research 44 (6):739-754. doi:10.1080/00221686.2006.9521725
33. [33] Ackers P (1993) Flow formulae for straight two-stage channels. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 31 (4): 509-531. doi:10.1080/00221689309498874.
34. [34] Sivanandam SN, Deepa SN (2006) Introduction to Neural Networks Using Matlab 6.0. Tata McGraw-Hill.
35. [35] Aleksander I, Morton H (1995) An Introduction to Neural Computing. Internat. Thomson Computer Press.