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Hidroelektrik Santraller için Çevresel Etki Değerlendirmelerinin Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 12 - 20, 28.06.2022

Öz

Enerji ülkelerin ekonomik büyümesi ve kalkınmasında kilit öneme sahip olarak görülmektedir. Bu durum da enerji kaynaklarını dünyada son dereceönemli kılmaktadır. Hidroelektrik santrallerin (HES) olumsuz etkilerinin önlenmesi veya bu etkilerin en aza indirilmesi için alınacak tedbirlerin değerlendirilmesi çalışmaları Çevresel Etki Değerlendirmesi (ÇED) kapsamında yürütülmektedir. Ancak mevcut ÇED standartları karşılamakta yetersiz kalmaya başlamıştır. Bu durum, ÇED’in ileri aşamaları olan Kümülatif (KÇD) ve Stratejik (SÇD) Çevre Değerlendirmelerini gerekli kılmıştır. KÇD insanlığın geçmişte, bugün ve gelecekteki aktiviteleri ile birlikte bir durumun çevresel etkisini birlikte incelemektedir. Sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın uygulamaya dönük bir aracı olan SÇD ise; plan, program ve politikaların çevre üzerindeki olası olumsuz etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi ve bu etkilerin en aza indirgenmesi süreci olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, HES projelerinde ÇED uygulamasında karşılaşılan sorunlar ve yetersizlikler incelenmiş, KÇD ve SÇD'nin çevre yönetimine getirdiği yenilikler ve bu süreçlerin gerekliliği vaka çalışmaları ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda KÇD ve SÇD süreçlerinin daha iyi uygulanabilmesi için bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Arikan, E., Dieterle, G., Bouzaher, A., Ceribasi, I.H., Kaya, D.E., Nishimura, S., Karamullaoglu, U.; Kahraman, B., 2012. “Sample guidelines: Cumulative environmental impact assessment for hydropower projects in Turkey”, Washington DC; World Bank.
  • [2] Asha, R., Arora, R., Mathur, V.B., Sivakumar, K., Sathyakumar, S., Rawat, G.S., Johnson, J.A., Ramesh, K., Dimri, N.K., Maletha, A., 2012. “Assessment of cumulative impacts of hydroelectric projects on aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity in Alaknanda and Bhagirathi Basins”, Uttarakhand. Wildlife Institute of India, Technical Report.
  • [3] Aydin, M., Cerci, E., “Relation of Directives of EIA-SEA and Evaluation of Our Legislation in this Context”, International EIA Congress, 8-10 November, 235-242 (in Turkish).
  • [4] Guo, L. N., She, C., Kong, D. B., Yan, S. L., Xu, Y. P., Khayatnezhad, M., and Gholinia, F., 2021. Prediction of the effects of climate change on hydroelectric generation, electricity demand, and emissions of greenhouse gases under climatic scenarios and optimized ANN model. Energy Reports, 7, 5431-5445.
  • [5] Koc, C., 2014. “A study on the development of hydropower potential in Turkey”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 39, 498–508.
  • [6] MEU (Ministry of Environment and Urbanization), “Sample Guidelines: Cumulative Environmental Impact Assessment for Hydropower Projects in Turkey”, 2012.
  • [7] Say, N., “Energy Policies and SEA: An Example of Turkey”, International EIA Congress, 8-10 November, 265-278 (in Turkish).
  • [8] Turhan, E., Tantekin, A., Keçeci, A., “Evaluation of Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEA) Approach within the Scope of Hydroelectric Power Plant (HEPP) Projects”, VIII Renewable Energy Resources Symposium, October 2105, 63-67, (in Turkish).
  • [9] URL-1, http://plaristokrat.blogspot.com.tr/2016/01/ced-nedir-stratejik-ced-nedir-ikisinin.html Access Date: 10.09.2021
  • [10] World Wildlife Fund (WWF), 2013, “Hydroelectric Power Stations in 10 Questions”, WWF Turkey Publication (www.wwf.org.tr) (in Turkish).
  • [11] Yuksek, O., 2008. Reevaluation of Turkey’s hydropower potential and electric energy demand. Energy Policy 36, 3374-3382.
  • [12] Yuksek, O., Kaygusuz, K., 2006. Small hydropower plants as a new and renewable energy Source. Energy Sources Part B 1, 279–290.
  • [13] Yuksel, I., 2013. Renewable energy status of electricity generation and future prospect hydropower in Turkey. Renewable Energy 50, 1037-1043.
  • [14] Wretling, V., Hörnberg, C., Gunnarsson-Östling, U., and Balfors, B. 2021. SEA screening practice and the inclusion of environmental objectives in Swedish energy and climate planning. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 39(2), 151-166.

Comparison of Environmental Impact Assesment Processes for Hydropower Plants

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 12 - 20, 28.06.2022

Öz

Energy is considered to be a key player in the generation of wealth and also a significant component in economic development. This makes energy resources extremely significant in the world. Efforts to prevent negative impacts of hydroelectric power plants (HEPP) or to evaluate the measures to be taken to minimize these impacts are carried out within the scope of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). However, the existing EIA process in the environment has become inadequate to provide environmental standards. This has made it necessary to develop the cumulative (CEIA) and strategic (SEA) Environmental Assessments, which are the advanced stages of the traditional EIA. The CEIA is the assessment of the effects of an action along with other human activities in the past, present or future, leading to environmental impacts. The SEA, a tool for the implementation of sustainable development, is defined as the process of evaluation of possible negative effects of plans, programs and policies on the environment and the process of reducing these impacts. In this study, the problems and inadequacies encountered in the implementation of EIA in HEPP projects have been examined and the innovations brought by CEIA and SEA to environmental management and the necessity of these processes have been evaluated with case studies. At the end of the study, some suggestions have been made to better implement the CEIA and SEA processes.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Arikan, E., Dieterle, G., Bouzaher, A., Ceribasi, I.H., Kaya, D.E., Nishimura, S., Karamullaoglu, U.; Kahraman, B., 2012. “Sample guidelines: Cumulative environmental impact assessment for hydropower projects in Turkey”, Washington DC; World Bank.
  • [2] Asha, R., Arora, R., Mathur, V.B., Sivakumar, K., Sathyakumar, S., Rawat, G.S., Johnson, J.A., Ramesh, K., Dimri, N.K., Maletha, A., 2012. “Assessment of cumulative impacts of hydroelectric projects on aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity in Alaknanda and Bhagirathi Basins”, Uttarakhand. Wildlife Institute of India, Technical Report.
  • [3] Aydin, M., Cerci, E., “Relation of Directives of EIA-SEA and Evaluation of Our Legislation in this Context”, International EIA Congress, 8-10 November, 235-242 (in Turkish).
  • [4] Guo, L. N., She, C., Kong, D. B., Yan, S. L., Xu, Y. P., Khayatnezhad, M., and Gholinia, F., 2021. Prediction of the effects of climate change on hydroelectric generation, electricity demand, and emissions of greenhouse gases under climatic scenarios and optimized ANN model. Energy Reports, 7, 5431-5445.
  • [5] Koc, C., 2014. “A study on the development of hydropower potential in Turkey”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 39, 498–508.
  • [6] MEU (Ministry of Environment and Urbanization), “Sample Guidelines: Cumulative Environmental Impact Assessment for Hydropower Projects in Turkey”, 2012.
  • [7] Say, N., “Energy Policies and SEA: An Example of Turkey”, International EIA Congress, 8-10 November, 265-278 (in Turkish).
  • [8] Turhan, E., Tantekin, A., Keçeci, A., “Evaluation of Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEA) Approach within the Scope of Hydroelectric Power Plant (HEPP) Projects”, VIII Renewable Energy Resources Symposium, October 2105, 63-67, (in Turkish).
  • [9] URL-1, http://plaristokrat.blogspot.com.tr/2016/01/ced-nedir-stratejik-ced-nedir-ikisinin.html Access Date: 10.09.2021
  • [10] World Wildlife Fund (WWF), 2013, “Hydroelectric Power Stations in 10 Questions”, WWF Turkey Publication (www.wwf.org.tr) (in Turkish).
  • [11] Yuksek, O., 2008. Reevaluation of Turkey’s hydropower potential and electric energy demand. Energy Policy 36, 3374-3382.
  • [12] Yuksek, O., Kaygusuz, K., 2006. Small hydropower plants as a new and renewable energy Source. Energy Sources Part B 1, 279–290.
  • [13] Yuksel, I., 2013. Renewable energy status of electricity generation and future prospect hydropower in Turkey. Renewable Energy 50, 1037-1043.
  • [14] Wretling, V., Hörnberg, C., Gunnarsson-Östling, U., and Balfors, B. 2021. SEA screening practice and the inclusion of environmental objectives in Swedish energy and climate planning. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 39(2), 151-166.
Toplam 14 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hasan Törehan Babacan 0000-0001-9570-1966

Ömer Yüksek 0000-0002-3425-1890

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Mart 2022
Kabul Tarihi 30 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Babacan, H. T., & Yüksek, Ö. (2022). Comparison of Environmental Impact Assesment Processes for Hydropower Plants. Türk Hidrolik Dergisi, 6(1), 12-20.
  • "Türk Hidrolik Dergisi"nin Tarandığı INDEX'ler 
  • (Indexes : Turkish Journal of Hydraulic)       

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