‘Mysterious People of Central Asia’: Sogdians Sogdiana and Sogdian Language

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 24, 77 - 92, 01.12.2012

Süer Eker

Öz

Historical Sogdiana and its capital Samarkand were the centers of Eastern Iranian languages and culture. Master merchants, diplomats the monks of Central Asia, and mysterious Sogdian people traversed the Silk Road along centuries and caried their cultures and religions such as Buddhism, Manihaizm, Zooroastrianism etc. In this paper I will deal with the history, culture and language of the historical Sogdian people of Central Asia.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Central Asia, Silk Road, Sogdiana, Sogdians, Samarkand

‘Orta Asya’nın Gizemli halkı’: Soğdlular, Soğd ve Soğdca

Öz

Tarihi Sogdiana ve başkenti Semerkand, Doğu İran dillerinin ve kültürünün merkeziydi. Orta Asya’nın usta tüccarları, diplomatları ve din adamları Soğdlular, yüzyıllar boyunca İpek Yolu’nu aşarak İpek Yolu boyunca kültürleri ve Budizm, Manihaizm, Zerdüştlük gibi dinleri taşımışlardır.
Bu çalışmada Orta Asya’nın tarihi halkı Soğdluların tarihleri, kültürleri ve dilleri üzerinde durulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Orta Asya, İpek Yolu, Sogdiana, Soğdlular, Semerkand

Kaynakça

• ATALAY, Besim (1985, 1986), Divanü Lügat-it-Türk Tercümesi I, II, III. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları.
• BEARMAN, P.J. , T. H. Bianquis vd. (2000). “Al-Sughd”. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume ix. Leiden: Brill. pp. 772-773.
• BECKWİTH, I. Christopher (2011). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press.
• BOYCE, Mary (1996, 1982). "A History of Zoroastrianism: Vol 2, Under the Achaemenians". Leiden: Brill.
• CURTİS, John, Simpson, St. John (2010). The World of Achaemenid Persia: The Diversity of Ancient Iran. I. B. Tauris.
• EKER, Süer (2012). “Türk-Soğd Kültürel Ortak Yaşamının Bugüne Mirası Pencakent Antik Kenti ve Türklük Bilimi Araştırmaları”. VII. Uluslararası Türk Dili Kurultayı 24-28 Eylül 2012. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu (Yayım sürecinde).
• FOLTZ, C. Richard (2000). Religions of the Silk Road: Overland Trade and Cultural Exchange from Antiquity to the Fifteenth Century. Palgrave Macmillan.
• FRYE, Richard N. (1943). “Sughd and the Sogdians: A Comparison of Archaeological Discoveries with Arabic Sources”. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 63, No. 1. (Mar., 1943), pp. 14-16.
• GLADNEY, Dru C. (1996). Muslim Chinese: Ethnic Nationalism in the People's Republic. Harvard University Asia Center.
• HANSEN, Valeria (2012). The Silk Road a new history. New York: Oxford University Press.
• HANSEN, Valeria (2005). “The Impact of the Silk Road Trade on a Local Community: The Turfan Oasis, 500-800”. In Les Sogdiens en Chine, edited by Étienne de la Vaissière and Éric Trombert, 283-310. Paris: École française d’Extrême-Orient.
• (http://www.yale.edu/history/faculty/materials/hansen-silk-road-trade.pdf)
• HENNİNG, W. B. (1977). The Date of the Sogdian Ancient Letters. Acta iranica encyclopédie permanente des études iraniennes. Selected Papers. W. B. Henning. Deuxième Série Volume VI. Tehran-Liège: Brill. pp. 301-314.
• HİTCH, Doug (2010). “Aramaic Scrip Derivavites in Central Euroasia”. Sino-Platonic Papers. Number 198. February. Department of East Asia Languages and Civilizations of Pennsylvania University.
• (http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp198_aramaic_script.pdf)
• SKAFF, Karam Jonathan (2003). “The Sogdian Trade Diaspora in East Turkestan During the Seventh and Eighth Centuries”. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (JESHO). Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV. 46,4, pp. 475-524.
• LUNG, Rachel (2011). Interpreters in Early Imperial China. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
• PULLEYBLANK, E. G. (1952). “A Sogdian Colony in Inner Mongolia”. T’oung Pao. Second Serie, Vol. 41, Livr. 4/5, pp. 317-356.
• SKRİNE, Francis Henry; ROSS, Edward DENİSON (1899). The Heart of Asia A History of Russian Turkestan and the Central Asian Khanates from the Earliest Times. London: Methuen co.
• STARR, S., B. BESHİMOV, I. I. BOBOKULOV (2011), Ferghana Valley: The Heart of Central Asia. M.E. Sharpe.
• TEKİN, Talat (2006). Orhon Yazıtları. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları.
• UNESCO (1996). History of Humanity: From the seventh century BC to the seventh century AD (Eds. J. Hermann, E. Zürcher). Paris: Routledge.
• WALTER, Mariko Namba (2006). “Sogdians And Buddhism”. Sino-Platonic Papers. Number 174. November. Department of East Asia Languages and Civilizations of Pennsylvania University. pp. 1-89.
• WİESEHÖFER, Josef (2001). Ancient Persia from 55o BC to 650 AD (Trans. Azizeh Azodi). London • New York: I. B. Tauris Publishers.
• WOOD, Frances (2002). The Silk Road Two Thousand Years in the Heart of Asia. Glasgow: University of California Press.
• WU, Dunfu (2006). Footprints of foreign explorers on the Silk Road. China Intercontinental Press.
• VALERİE, Hansen (2003). “New Work on the Sogdians, The Most Important Traders on the Silk Road, A.D. 500-1000”. T'oung Pao LXXXIX. Leiden: Brill. pp. 149-161.
• VAİSSİÈRE (2005). Sogdian Traders. A History (Trans. James Ward). Leiden • Boston: Brill.
• VAİSSİÈRE, É. de La (2011). “Sogdiana History and Archeology”. Encyclopaedia Iranica. (http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sogdiana-iii-history-and-archeology). İnternet Kaynakları
• http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sogdiana-iii-history-and-archeology http://www.sino-platonic.org/complete/spp174_sogdian_buddhism.pdf http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sogdian-trade http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afrasiab-the-ruined-site http://www.nestorian.org/nestorius.html). http://blacksea.ehw.gr/forms/fLemmaBodyExtended.aspx?lemmaID=11829 http://www.bbaw.de/forschung/turfanforschung/dta/m/dta_m_ index.htm