On a Common Grammatical Morphem Among Altaic Languages {Converb/ Nominalizer +SEEING}

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 27, 1 - 12, 01.06.2014

Faruk Gökçe

Öz

One of the conditions for proving language families/kinship is common morphological elements among languages which also play an important role in the question of Altaic languages. This article deals with {Converb/ Nominalizer +SEE} a special grammatical unit called attemptive / experiental aspect shared by Turkish, Mongolian, Japan and Korean languages. It has been discussed whether this grammatical unit results from a universal development or reflects a genetic relation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Altaic languages, attemptive aspect, attemptive modality, experiental aspect, seeing auxiliary verb, metaphor.

Altay Dillerinde Ortak Bir Gramatikal Morfem {Zarf-Fiil Eki/Mastar Eki + GÖR-} Üzerine

Öz

Dil akrabalığını kanıtlamanın koşullarından biri olan ortak şekilbilgisel unsurlar, Altay dilleri sorununun çözümünde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Eldeki yazıda Türk, Moğol, Kore ve Japon dillerinde ortaklaşan ve özel bir gramatikal birlik olarak Zarf-Fiil Eki/Mastar Eki + GÖR- şeklinde karşımıza çıkan deneme kılınışı üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu yapının evrensel bir gelişimin sonucunda mı ortaya çıktığı yoksa genetik bir ilgiyi mi yansıttığı sorunu tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Altay dilleri, deneme kılınışı, gör- yardımcı fiili, metafor

Kaynakça

• AMEKA, F. K. (2008), “Aspect and Modality in Ewe”, Aspect and Modality in Kwa Languages, John Benjamin Publishing, Amsterdam.
• ANDERSON, G. (2004), Auxiliary Verb Constructions in Altai-Sayan Turkic, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden.
• BARCELONA, A. (2000), Metaphor and Metonymy at the Crossroads: A Cognitive Perspective, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin.
• BİNNİCK, R. (2012), The Past Tenses of the Mongolian Verb: Meaning and Use, Brill, Leiden.
• BYBEE, J. (2014), “Cognitive Processes in Grammaticalization”, The New Psychology of Language, Volume 2, Edited by: Michael Tomasello, Psychology Press, New York, s. 145-169.
• DİXON, R. M. W. (2004), Australian Languages, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• DOERFER, G. (1973), Lautgesetze und Zufall, Betrachtungen zum Omnicomparativismus. (Inssbrucker Beitragä zur Sprachwissenschaft, Bd. 10).
• ……….., (1981), “The Conditions For Proving The Genetic Relationship of Languages”, The Bulletin of the International Institute for Linguistic Sciences, Vol II, No: 4, Kyoto Sangyo University, s. 39-58.
• FOLEY, W. A. (1986), The Papuan Languages of New Guinea, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• HANGİN, G. (1986), A Modern Mongolian-English Dictionary, Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
• HENDERSON, H. G. (2011), Handbook of Japanese Grammar, Routledge Library Editions, Volume 57, London and New York.
• IBARRETXE, B., I. (1999), Polysemy and Metaphor in Perception Verbs: A Cross- Linguistic Study, University of Edinburgh.
• JACKSON, H. (1990), Grammar and Meaning: A Semantic Approach to English Grammar, Routledge, New York.
• KAİSER, S. vd. (2013), Japanese: A Comprehensive Grammar, Routledge Comprehensive Grammars, Routledge, New York.
• LAKOFF, G. ve JOHNSON, M. (2008), Metaphors We Live By, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
• MANASTER RAMER, A. (1996), “On Doerfer on Abel-Rémusat on Altaic”, Ural-altaische Jahrbücher.Neue Folge 14, s. 151-163.
• ……….., & SİDWELL, P. (1997a) “The Altaic debate and the question of cognate numerals”, Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 87, s. 153-175.
• ……….., (1997b) “The truth about Strahlenberg’s classiffication of the languages of northeastern Eurasia”, Journal de la Société Finno-ougrienne 87, s.139-160.
• MİLLER, R. A. (1991) “Genetic Connections Among the Altaic Languages”, Sprung from Some Common Source [Edited by: Sydney E. Lamb and E. Douglas Mitchell, Stanford University Press, Stanford, California.
• ……….., (1994a [basım 1995]) “Review of Starostin 1991”, Ural Altaische Jahrbücher 13, s. 68-107.
• RAMSTEDT, G. J. (1912), “Zur Verbstammbildungslehre der Mongolisch-Türkischen Sprachen”, Journal de la Société Finno-Ougrienne, V. 28 (3), s. 1-86.
• SCHİFFMAN, H. F. (1999), A Reference Grammar of Spoken Tamil, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• SWEETSER, E. E. (1990), From Etymology to Pragmatics: Metaphorical and Cultural Aspects of Semantic Structure, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• STAROSTİN, S. A. (1991), Altajskaja Problema i Proisxoždenie Japonskogo Jazyka, Moscow: Nauka.
• STAROSTİN, S. A. vd. (2003), Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages [EDAL], 3 Vols, Brill, Leiden.
• TRANTER, N. (2012), The Languages of Japan and Korea, Routledge Language Family Series, Routledge, New York.