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A Modern Overview of Facial and Dental Aesthetics

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 118 - 126, 10.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.58711/turkishjdentres.vi.1573079

Öz

In today’s world, individuals’ external appearances are very important not only for their self-confidence but also for the first impressions they make in their social environments. The facial area plays a significant role in people’s aesthetic perceptions. Within this region, teeth and surrounding tissues are particularly noticeable. To enhance the aesthetics of this area, it is crucial to consider the entire face as a whole. Dentists should refer their patients to specialists in other dental branches or to medical professionals involved in aesthetics when necessary. Thanks to advancing technology, it is now possible to improve an individual’s smile and facial appearance much better through conservative methods from both
functional and aesthetic perspectives. Therefore, a dentist’s knowledge in aesthetic dentistry practices,
in addition to routine procedures, will contribute to staying ahead in their profession and, consequently,
increasing patient satisfaction. In some cases, natural and aesthetic results can be achieved through teamwork among specialists. Otherwise, if aesthetics are pursued solely through dental or soft tissue treatments without fully understanding the underlying cause of the aesthetic issue, it can lead to worse outcomes. Nonetheless, it should be remembered that health and function come before aesthetics. An ideal treatment should be healthy, functional, and aesthetic.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Langlois JH, Ritter JM, Casey RJ, Sawin DB. Infant attractiveness predicts maternal behaviors and attitudes. Dev Psychol. 1995;31(3):464.
  • 2. Langlois JH, Kalakanis L, Rubenstein AJ, Larson A, Hallam M, Smoot M. Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychol Bull. 2000;126(3):390.
  • 3. Henson ST, Lindauer SJ, Gardner WG, Shroff B, Tufekci E, Best AM. Influence of dental esthetics on social perceptions of adolescents judged by peers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140(3):389-95.
  • 4. Hönn M, Göz G. The ideal of facial beauty: a review. J Orofac Orthop. 2007;68(1):6-16.
  • 5. Dion K, Berscheid E, Walster E. What is beautiful is good. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1972;24(3):285-90.
  • 6. Patzer GL. The Physical Attractiveness Phenomena. New York: Plenum; 1985.
  • 7. Okuda WH. Resolve to recommit to excellence. AACD J. 1997.
  • 8. Zachrisson BU. Esthetics in Tooth Display and Smile Design. In: H. D. Sturdevant CM, Roberson TM, Heymann HO, Sturdevant JR, eds. Esthetics and Biomechanics in Orthodontics. 2005:110-30.
  • 9. Nash DA. Professional ethics and esthetic dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc. 1988 Sep;117(4):7E-9E.
  • 10. Goldstein RE. Esthetics in Dentistry. 2nd ed. Hamilton, BC: Decer Inc.; 1998:3-15.
  • 11. David A, Gerber DMD, Ronald A, Feinman DMD, Ronald E, Goldstain DSD. Porcelain Laminate Veneers. Quintessence Pub; 1998:11.
  • 12. Jarabak JR. Management of an orthodontic practice. St. Louis: Mosby Co; 1965.
  • 13. Renner RP. An introduction to dental anatomy and esthetics. Chicago: Quintessence; 1985:241-72.
  • 14. Goldstein RE, Chu SJ, Lee EA, Stappert CF, Ronald E. Goldstein’s Esthetics in Dentistry. John Wiley & Sons; 2018.
  • 15. Sharma PK, Sharma P. Dental smile esthetics: The assessment and creation of the ideal smile. Semin Orthod. 2012;18:193-201.
  • 16. Gill DS, Naini FB, Tredwin CJ. Smile aesthetics. Dent Update. 2007 Apr;34(3):152-4, 7-8.
  • 17. Sarver DM, Ackerman MB. Dynamic smile visualization and quantification and its impact on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. In: The Art of Smile: Integrating Prosthodontics, Orthodontics, Periodontics, Dental Technology, and Plastic Surgery. Chicago: Quintessence; 2005:99-139.
  • 18. Sarver DM. Enameloplasty and esthetic finishing in orthodontics: identification and treatment of microesthetic features in orthodontics. Part 1. J.
  • 19. Brandão RCB, Brandão LBC. Finishing procedures in orthodontics: dental dimensions and proportions (microesthetics). Dental Press J Orthod. 2013;18(5):147- 174.
  • 20. Sarver D. The Importance of Incisor Positioning in the Esthetic Smile: A- The Smile Arc. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;120:98-111.
  • 21. Tarantili VV, Halazonetis DJ, Spyropoulos MN. The spontaneous smile in dynamic motion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005 Jul;128(1):8-15.
  • 22. Proffit WR, Fields HW, Sarver DM. Contemporary Orthodontics. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier/Mosby; 2013.
  • 23. Rufenacht CR. Fundamentals of Esthetic. Chicago, IL: Quintessence Publ Co Inc; 1990:73.
  • 24. Levine JB. Esthetic diagnosis. Curr Opin Cosmet Dent. 1995;9-17.
  • 25. Baratieri LN. Esthetics: Direct adhesive restorations on fractured anterior teeth. Quintessence Publishing Co Inc, Morgan International, Santiago; 1998:57-72.
  • 26. Erdemir U, Yucel T, Yildiz E, Germec DG, Sayinsu K. Dental analysis. In: Esthetic and Functional Management of Diastema. 1st ed. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland; 2016:101-20.
  • 27. Tjan AH, Miller GD, The JG. Some esthetic factors in a smile. J Prosthet Dent. 1984;51(1):24-8.
  • 28. Kokich V. Esthetics and anterior tooth position: an orthodontic perspective. Part III: Mediolateral relationships. J Esthet Dent. 1993;5(5):200-7.
  • 29. Kokich Jr VO, Kiyak HA, Shapiro PA. Comparing the perception of dentists and lay people to altered dental esthetics. J Esthet Dent. 1999;11(6):311-24.
  • 30. Moore T, Southard KA, Casko JS, Qian F, Southard TE. Buccal corridors and smile esthetics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;127(2):208-13.
  • 31. Fradeani M, Barducci G. Esthetic Rehabilitation in Fixed Prosthodontics, Volume 2. Berlin: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc; 2008.
  • 32. Ahmad I. Anterior dental aesthetics: Dental perspective. Br Dent J. 2005;199(3):135-141.
  • 33. Vig RG, Brundo GC. The kinetics of anterior tooth display. J Prosthet Dent. 1978;39(5):502-4.
  • 34. Basting RT, Trindade RS, Flório FM. Comparative study of smile analysis by subjective and computerized methods. Oper Dent. 2006;31(6):652-9.
  • 35. Graber LW, Vanarsdall RL, Vig KW, Huang GJ. Orthodontics. E-book: Current Principles and Techniques. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2016.
  • 36. of Prosthodontics AB, of Prosthodontists AC, Society AE, Society AP, Conference COBP, et al. The glossary of prosthodontic terms seventh edition (GPT-7). J Prosthet Dent. 1999;81(1):48-110.
  • 37. Sarver DM. Principles of cosmetic dentistry in orthodontics: Part 1. Shape and proportionality of anterior teeth. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004 Dec;126(6):749-53.
  • 38. Sarver DM, Yanosky M. Principles of cosmetic dentistry in orthodontics: Part 2. Soft tissue laser technology and cosmetic gingival contouring. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005 Jan;127(1):85-90.
  • 39. Miller EL, Bodden WR Jr, Jamison HC. A study of the relationship of the dental midline to the facial median line. J Prosthet Dent. 1979 Jun;41(6):657-60.
  • 40. Levin EI. Dental esthetics and the golden proportion. J Prosthet Dent. 1978 Sep;40(3):244-52.
  • 41. Ricketts RM. The biologic significance of the divine proportion and Fibonacci series. Am J Orthod. 1982 May;81(5):351-70.
  • 42. Preston JD. The golden proportion revisited. J Esthet Dent. 1993;5(6):247-51.
  • 43. Morley J. A multidisciplinary approach to complex aesthetic restoration with diagnostic planning. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent. 2000 Aug;12(6):575-7.
  • 44. Morley J, Eubank J. Macroesthetic elements of smile design. J Am Dent Assoc. 2001 Jan;132(1):39-45.
  • 45. Foulger TE, Tredwin CJ, Gill DS, Moles DR. The influence of varying maxillary incisal edge embrasure space and interproximal contact area dimensions on perceived smile aesthetics. Br Dent J. 2010 Aug 14;209(3):E4.
  • 46. Tuzgiray YB, Kaya B. Factors affecting smile esthetics. Turkish J Orthod. 2013;26:58-64.
  • 47. Desai S, Upadhyay M, Nanda R. Dynamic smile analysis: Changes with age. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136(3).
  • 48. Peck S, Peck H. The aesthetically pleasing face: an orthodontic myth. Trans Eur Orthod Soc. 1971:175-84.
  • 49. Dong JK, Jin TH, Cho HW, Oh SC. The esthetics of the smile: a review of some recent studies. Int J Prosthodont. 1999 Jan-Feb;12(1):9-19.
  • 50. Cross J, Cross J. Age, sex, race, and the perception of facial beauty. Dev Psychol. 1971:433-439.
  • 51. Howells D, Shaw W. The validity and reliability of ratings of dental and facial attractiveness for epidemiologic use. Am J Orthod. 1985;88(5):402-408.
  • 52. Chang C, Fields H, Beck F, Springer N, Firestone A, Rosenstiel S, et al. Smile esthetics from patients’ perspectives for faces of varying attractiveness. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140(4):171-180.
  • 53. Cochrane S, Cunningham S, Hunt N. Perceptions of facial appearance by orthodontists and the general public. J Clin Orthod. 1997;31(3):164-168.
  • 54. Smit A, Dermaut L. Soft-tissue profile preference. Am J Orthod. 1984;86(1):67-73.
  • 55. Polo M. Botulinum toxin type A (Botox) for the neuromuscular correction of excessive gingival display on smiling (gummy smile). Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133(2):195–203.
  • 56. Suh YJ, Nahm DS, Choi JY, Baek SH. Differential diagnosis for inappropriate upper incisal display during posed smile: Contribution of soft tissue and underlying hard tissue. J Craniofac Surg. 2009;20(6):2006–12.
  • 57. Al-Habahbeh R, Al-Shammout R, Al-Jabrah O, Al-Omari F. The effect of gender on tooth and gingival display in the anterior region at rest and during smiling. Eur J Esthet Dent. 2009;4(4):382–95.
  • 58. da Motta AFJ, de Souza MMG, Bolognese AM, Guerra CJ, Mucha JN. Display of the incisors as functions of age and gender. Aust Orthod J. 2010;26(1):27–32.
  • 59. Stanley K, Caligiuri M, Schlichting LH, Bazos PK, Magne M. Lip lifting: Unveiling dental beauty. Int J Esthet Dent. 2017;12(1):108–14.
  • 60. Demirel K. Pembe Estetik. Türk Dişhek Birl Derg. 2004;83:56-60.
  • 61. Demir F, Oktay E, Topcu F. Smile and dental aesthetics: a literature review. Med Sci. 2017;6:172-177.
  • 62. Lindhe J. Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry. 5th ed. Vol. 18, Implant Dentistry. 2009:101 p.
  • 63. Onat U, Keçeli S, Özcan M. Hyaluronik asit kullanımının interdental papil yapılandırılması üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi. 7tepe Klinik. 2021;17(3):207-213.
  • 64. Diker B, Elter B. Üst ön dişlerin estetik oran ve boyutlarının dijital analizi: Türk örnekleminde bir çalışma. 7tepe Klinik Dergisi. 2021;19(3):179-183.
  • 65. Özdemir H, Köseoğlu M, Bayindir F. An investigation of the esthetic indicators of maxillary anterior teeth in young Turkish people. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;120(4):583–588.
  • 66. Wang Y, Song Y, Zhong Q, Xu C. Evaluation of influence factors on the width, length, and width to length ratio of the maxillary central incisor: A systematic review and metaanalysis. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2020;33(2):351–363.
  • 67. Amin YM, Güler E. Anterior direkt estetik kompozit rezin restorasyonlarda RED (tekrarlanan dental estetik) oran analizi. Türkiye Klinikleri. Dişhekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;27(1):65-72.
  • 68. Kahramanoğlu E, Kulak Özkan Y. Diş hekimliğinde estetik ve renk. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. 2013;16(4):339-347.
  • 69. Burke S, Güray Efes B. Diş renklenmeleri ve güncel tedavileri. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2022;43:55- 68.

Fasiyal ve Dental Estetiğe Güncel Bir Bakış

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 118 - 126, 10.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.58711/turkishjdentres.vi.1573079

Öz

Günümüzde bireylerin dış görünümleri, yalnızca özgüvenleri açısından değil, sosyal çevrelerindeki ilk
intibaları açısından da oldukça önemli hale gelmiştir. Yüz bölgesi, bireylerin estetik algısında büyük öneme
sahip olmaktadır. Yüz bölgesinde en dikkat çeken bölgeler dişler ve çevre dokularıdır. Bu bölgeyi daha
estetik hale getirmek için tüm yüzün bir bütün olarak değerlendirilmesi oldukça önemlidir. Diş hekimleri
gerekli durumlarda hastaları diğer branşlarda uzman diş hekimlerine, gerekse estetik ile ilgilenen tıp hekimlerine yönlendirmelidir. Gelişen teknoloji sayesinde, bir bireyin gülüşünü ve yüz görünümünü hem fonksiyonel hem de estetik açıdan konservatif metotlarla çok daha iyi duruma getirmek mümkün olabilmektedir. Dolayısıyla, bir diş hekiminin rutin uygulamaların yanı sıra, estetik diş hekimliği
uygulamalarında da bilgili olması, mesleğinde bir adım önde olmasına katkı sağlayacaktır ve böylelikle hasta memnuniyeti artacaktır. Bazı durumlarda hekimlerin takım halinde çalışması ile doğal ve estetik sonuçlar elde edilebilmektedir. Aksi durumda; bozulan estetiğin sebebini tam anlamadan, estetik yalnızca dişlerle ya da yumuşak dokular ile sağlanmaya çalışılırsa daha kötü sonuçlara sebep olunabilmektedir. Tüm bunlarla beraber unutulmamalıdır ki, estetikten önce sağlık ve fonksiyon gelmektedir. İdeal bir tedavi sağlıklı, fonksiyonel ve estetik olmalıdır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Langlois JH, Ritter JM, Casey RJ, Sawin DB. Infant attractiveness predicts maternal behaviors and attitudes. Dev Psychol. 1995;31(3):464.
  • 2. Langlois JH, Kalakanis L, Rubenstein AJ, Larson A, Hallam M, Smoot M. Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychol Bull. 2000;126(3):390.
  • 3. Henson ST, Lindauer SJ, Gardner WG, Shroff B, Tufekci E, Best AM. Influence of dental esthetics on social perceptions of adolescents judged by peers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140(3):389-95.
  • 4. Hönn M, Göz G. The ideal of facial beauty: a review. J Orofac Orthop. 2007;68(1):6-16.
  • 5. Dion K, Berscheid E, Walster E. What is beautiful is good. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1972;24(3):285-90.
  • 6. Patzer GL. The Physical Attractiveness Phenomena. New York: Plenum; 1985.
  • 7. Okuda WH. Resolve to recommit to excellence. AACD J. 1997.
  • 8. Zachrisson BU. Esthetics in Tooth Display and Smile Design. In: H. D. Sturdevant CM, Roberson TM, Heymann HO, Sturdevant JR, eds. Esthetics and Biomechanics in Orthodontics. 2005:110-30.
  • 9. Nash DA. Professional ethics and esthetic dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc. 1988 Sep;117(4):7E-9E.
  • 10. Goldstein RE. Esthetics in Dentistry. 2nd ed. Hamilton, BC: Decer Inc.; 1998:3-15.
  • 11. David A, Gerber DMD, Ronald A, Feinman DMD, Ronald E, Goldstain DSD. Porcelain Laminate Veneers. Quintessence Pub; 1998:11.
  • 12. Jarabak JR. Management of an orthodontic practice. St. Louis: Mosby Co; 1965.
  • 13. Renner RP. An introduction to dental anatomy and esthetics. Chicago: Quintessence; 1985:241-72.
  • 14. Goldstein RE, Chu SJ, Lee EA, Stappert CF, Ronald E. Goldstein’s Esthetics in Dentistry. John Wiley & Sons; 2018.
  • 15. Sharma PK, Sharma P. Dental smile esthetics: The assessment and creation of the ideal smile. Semin Orthod. 2012;18:193-201.
  • 16. Gill DS, Naini FB, Tredwin CJ. Smile aesthetics. Dent Update. 2007 Apr;34(3):152-4, 7-8.
  • 17. Sarver DM, Ackerman MB. Dynamic smile visualization and quantification and its impact on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. In: The Art of Smile: Integrating Prosthodontics, Orthodontics, Periodontics, Dental Technology, and Plastic Surgery. Chicago: Quintessence; 2005:99-139.
  • 18. Sarver DM. Enameloplasty and esthetic finishing in orthodontics: identification and treatment of microesthetic features in orthodontics. Part 1. J.
  • 19. Brandão RCB, Brandão LBC. Finishing procedures in orthodontics: dental dimensions and proportions (microesthetics). Dental Press J Orthod. 2013;18(5):147- 174.
  • 20. Sarver D. The Importance of Incisor Positioning in the Esthetic Smile: A- The Smile Arc. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;120:98-111.
  • 21. Tarantili VV, Halazonetis DJ, Spyropoulos MN. The spontaneous smile in dynamic motion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005 Jul;128(1):8-15.
  • 22. Proffit WR, Fields HW, Sarver DM. Contemporary Orthodontics. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier/Mosby; 2013.
  • 23. Rufenacht CR. Fundamentals of Esthetic. Chicago, IL: Quintessence Publ Co Inc; 1990:73.
  • 24. Levine JB. Esthetic diagnosis. Curr Opin Cosmet Dent. 1995;9-17.
  • 25. Baratieri LN. Esthetics: Direct adhesive restorations on fractured anterior teeth. Quintessence Publishing Co Inc, Morgan International, Santiago; 1998:57-72.
  • 26. Erdemir U, Yucel T, Yildiz E, Germec DG, Sayinsu K. Dental analysis. In: Esthetic and Functional Management of Diastema. 1st ed. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland; 2016:101-20.
  • 27. Tjan AH, Miller GD, The JG. Some esthetic factors in a smile. J Prosthet Dent. 1984;51(1):24-8.
  • 28. Kokich V. Esthetics and anterior tooth position: an orthodontic perspective. Part III: Mediolateral relationships. J Esthet Dent. 1993;5(5):200-7.
  • 29. Kokich Jr VO, Kiyak HA, Shapiro PA. Comparing the perception of dentists and lay people to altered dental esthetics. J Esthet Dent. 1999;11(6):311-24.
  • 30. Moore T, Southard KA, Casko JS, Qian F, Southard TE. Buccal corridors and smile esthetics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;127(2):208-13.
  • 31. Fradeani M, Barducci G. Esthetic Rehabilitation in Fixed Prosthodontics, Volume 2. Berlin: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc; 2008.
  • 32. Ahmad I. Anterior dental aesthetics: Dental perspective. Br Dent J. 2005;199(3):135-141.
  • 33. Vig RG, Brundo GC. The kinetics of anterior tooth display. J Prosthet Dent. 1978;39(5):502-4.
  • 34. Basting RT, Trindade RS, Flório FM. Comparative study of smile analysis by subjective and computerized methods. Oper Dent. 2006;31(6):652-9.
  • 35. Graber LW, Vanarsdall RL, Vig KW, Huang GJ. Orthodontics. E-book: Current Principles and Techniques. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2016.
  • 36. of Prosthodontics AB, of Prosthodontists AC, Society AE, Society AP, Conference COBP, et al. The glossary of prosthodontic terms seventh edition (GPT-7). J Prosthet Dent. 1999;81(1):48-110.
  • 37. Sarver DM. Principles of cosmetic dentistry in orthodontics: Part 1. Shape and proportionality of anterior teeth. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004 Dec;126(6):749-53.
  • 38. Sarver DM, Yanosky M. Principles of cosmetic dentistry in orthodontics: Part 2. Soft tissue laser technology and cosmetic gingival contouring. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005 Jan;127(1):85-90.
  • 39. Miller EL, Bodden WR Jr, Jamison HC. A study of the relationship of the dental midline to the facial median line. J Prosthet Dent. 1979 Jun;41(6):657-60.
  • 40. Levin EI. Dental esthetics and the golden proportion. J Prosthet Dent. 1978 Sep;40(3):244-52.
  • 41. Ricketts RM. The biologic significance of the divine proportion and Fibonacci series. Am J Orthod. 1982 May;81(5):351-70.
  • 42. Preston JD. The golden proportion revisited. J Esthet Dent. 1993;5(6):247-51.
  • 43. Morley J. A multidisciplinary approach to complex aesthetic restoration with diagnostic planning. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent. 2000 Aug;12(6):575-7.
  • 44. Morley J, Eubank J. Macroesthetic elements of smile design. J Am Dent Assoc. 2001 Jan;132(1):39-45.
  • 45. Foulger TE, Tredwin CJ, Gill DS, Moles DR. The influence of varying maxillary incisal edge embrasure space and interproximal contact area dimensions on perceived smile aesthetics. Br Dent J. 2010 Aug 14;209(3):E4.
  • 46. Tuzgiray YB, Kaya B. Factors affecting smile esthetics. Turkish J Orthod. 2013;26:58-64.
  • 47. Desai S, Upadhyay M, Nanda R. Dynamic smile analysis: Changes with age. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136(3).
  • 48. Peck S, Peck H. The aesthetically pleasing face: an orthodontic myth. Trans Eur Orthod Soc. 1971:175-84.
  • 49. Dong JK, Jin TH, Cho HW, Oh SC. The esthetics of the smile: a review of some recent studies. Int J Prosthodont. 1999 Jan-Feb;12(1):9-19.
  • 50. Cross J, Cross J. Age, sex, race, and the perception of facial beauty. Dev Psychol. 1971:433-439.
  • 51. Howells D, Shaw W. The validity and reliability of ratings of dental and facial attractiveness for epidemiologic use. Am J Orthod. 1985;88(5):402-408.
  • 52. Chang C, Fields H, Beck F, Springer N, Firestone A, Rosenstiel S, et al. Smile esthetics from patients’ perspectives for faces of varying attractiveness. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140(4):171-180.
  • 53. Cochrane S, Cunningham S, Hunt N. Perceptions of facial appearance by orthodontists and the general public. J Clin Orthod. 1997;31(3):164-168.
  • 54. Smit A, Dermaut L. Soft-tissue profile preference. Am J Orthod. 1984;86(1):67-73.
  • 55. Polo M. Botulinum toxin type A (Botox) for the neuromuscular correction of excessive gingival display on smiling (gummy smile). Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133(2):195–203.
  • 56. Suh YJ, Nahm DS, Choi JY, Baek SH. Differential diagnosis for inappropriate upper incisal display during posed smile: Contribution of soft tissue and underlying hard tissue. J Craniofac Surg. 2009;20(6):2006–12.
  • 57. Al-Habahbeh R, Al-Shammout R, Al-Jabrah O, Al-Omari F. The effect of gender on tooth and gingival display in the anterior region at rest and during smiling. Eur J Esthet Dent. 2009;4(4):382–95.
  • 58. da Motta AFJ, de Souza MMG, Bolognese AM, Guerra CJ, Mucha JN. Display of the incisors as functions of age and gender. Aust Orthod J. 2010;26(1):27–32.
  • 59. Stanley K, Caligiuri M, Schlichting LH, Bazos PK, Magne M. Lip lifting: Unveiling dental beauty. Int J Esthet Dent. 2017;12(1):108–14.
  • 60. Demirel K. Pembe Estetik. Türk Dişhek Birl Derg. 2004;83:56-60.
  • 61. Demir F, Oktay E, Topcu F. Smile and dental aesthetics: a literature review. Med Sci. 2017;6:172-177.
  • 62. Lindhe J. Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry. 5th ed. Vol. 18, Implant Dentistry. 2009:101 p.
  • 63. Onat U, Keçeli S, Özcan M. Hyaluronik asit kullanımının interdental papil yapılandırılması üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi. 7tepe Klinik. 2021;17(3):207-213.
  • 64. Diker B, Elter B. Üst ön dişlerin estetik oran ve boyutlarının dijital analizi: Türk örnekleminde bir çalışma. 7tepe Klinik Dergisi. 2021;19(3):179-183.
  • 65. Özdemir H, Köseoğlu M, Bayindir F. An investigation of the esthetic indicators of maxillary anterior teeth in young Turkish people. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;120(4):583–588.
  • 66. Wang Y, Song Y, Zhong Q, Xu C. Evaluation of influence factors on the width, length, and width to length ratio of the maxillary central incisor: A systematic review and metaanalysis. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2020;33(2):351–363.
  • 67. Amin YM, Güler E. Anterior direkt estetik kompozit rezin restorasyonlarda RED (tekrarlanan dental estetik) oran analizi. Türkiye Klinikleri. Dişhekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;27(1):65-72.
  • 68. Kahramanoğlu E, Kulak Özkan Y. Diş hekimliğinde estetik ve renk. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. 2013;16(4):339-347.
  • 69. Burke S, Güray Efes B. Diş renklenmeleri ve güncel tedavileri. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2022;43:55- 68.
Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ortodonti ve Dentofasiyal Ortopedi
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Hilal Gündoğ 0000-0003-3303-1084

Pelinsu Güleç Ergün 0000-0002-8592-0097

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Temmuz 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 8 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Gündoğ H, Güleç Ergün P. Fasiyal ve Dental Estetiğe Güncel Bir Bakış. J Turkish Dent Res. 2025;4(2):118-26.

Türk Diş Hekimliği Araştırma Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.

Dergimize Diş Hekimliği alanından yayın kabulü yapılmaktadır. Diğer alanlardan gönderilen yayınlar değerlendirmeye alınmamaktadır.