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Simple Surgical Procedures in Pediatric Dentistry

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 168 - 180, 10.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.58711/turkishjdentres.vi.1498533

Öz

Surgical procedures are required in pediatric patients for various reasons such as excessive material loss due to trauma and caries, improper frenulum connections, gingival enlargement, eruption disorders and dental anomalies. Protecting primary teeth until the exfoliation time is especially important for long-term oral health in pediatric patients. When determining the need for surgical procedures, factors related to the tooth and the patient are evaluated and the necessary indication is
determined. A multidisciplinary approach in determining surgical indications is of great importance. Therefore, pediatric dentists, periodontologists and oral surgeons should handle the case together. The pediatric dentist plays an important role in managing the process. This article aims to present the most frequently performed surgical procedures in pediatric patients from an interdisciplinary perspective in terms of indications and current application techniques.

Kaynakça

  • 1. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; Management Considerations for Pediatric Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology. 2023;527–36.
  • 2. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Classification of Periodontal Diseases in Infants, Children, Adolescents, and Individuals with Special Health Care Needs. 2022;451–65.
  • 3. Levin L, Day PF, Hicks L, O’Connell A, Fouad AF, Bourguignon C, et al. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: General introduction. Dental Traumatology. 2020 Aug 22;36(4):309–13.
  • 4. Plotino G, Abella Sans F, Duggal MS, Grande NM, Krastl G, Nagendrababu V, et al. Clinical procedures and outcome of surgical extrusion, intentional replantation and tooth autotransplantation – a narrative review. Int Endodontic J. 2020 Dec;53(12):1636–52.
  • 5. Capurro C, Martino AR, Chiappe GD, Merlino E, Laffi N. Oral surgery in paediatric dentistry: type of surgical treatment and age distribution in a Public Dental Service in Northern Italy. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2020;(1):35–8.
  • 6. Grønbæk AB, Petersen F, Haubek D, Poulsen S. Dentoalveolar oral surgery in children and adolescents: organization and surgical treatment in a large, Danish municipal dental service. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 2017 Nov 17;75(8):603–7.
  • 7. Newman MG, Carranza FA, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA, editors. Newman and Carranza’s clinical periodontology. Thirteenth edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019.
  • 8. Pari A. Gingival Diseases in Childhood – A Review. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2014;8(10).
  • 9. Peedikayil F, Vijayan A. An update on local anesthesia for pediatric dental patients. Anesthesia: Essays and Researches. 2013;7(1):4.
  • 10. Malamed SF. Local complications. In: Handbook of Local Anesthesia. 5th ed. Mosby; 2004. 285–7 p.
  • 11. Ogle OE, Mahjoubi G. Local Anesthesia: Agents, Techniques, and Complications. Dental Clinics of North America. 2012 Jan;56(1):133–48.
  • 12. Malamed SF. Anatomical considerations. In: Handbook of Local Anesthesia. 5th ed. Mosby Elsevier; 2004. 173–4 p.
  • 13. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Use of local anesthesia for pediatric dental patients. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. 2023;385–92.
  • 14. Kulkarni N, Parakh A, Modi S, Mankare A, Gauri Vanjari, Fernandes G. Painless Anaesthesia in Pediatric Dentistry: An Updated Review. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences. 18(4):67–71.
  • 15. Day PF, Flores MT, O’Connell AC, Abbott P V., Tsilingaridis G, Fouad AF, et al. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 3. Injuries in the primary dentition. Dental Traumatology. 2020 Aug 20;36(4):343–59.
  • 16. S.C. White, M. J. Pharoah. Oral radiology-E-Book: Principles and interpretation. 7th ed. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014. 185–98 p.
  • 17. Chesterman J, Beaumont J, Kellett M, Durey K. Gingival overgrowth: Part 2: management strategies. British Dental Journal. 2017 Feb 10;222(3):159–65.
  • 18. Lindhe J, Lang NP, editors. Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry. 6th ed. John Wiley& Sons; 2015.
  • 19. Xu D, Wang P, Liu H, Gu M. Efficacy of three surgical methods for gingivectomy of permanent anterior teeth with delayed tooth eruption in children. Head Face Med. 2022 Dec;18(1):23.
  • 20. Gençar K. Elektrocerrahi̇-Çocuklarda Kullanimi- Electrosurgery Use in Children. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry. 1995;29(1):28–32.
  • 21. Azzi R, Kenney EB, Tsao TF, Carranza FA. The Effect of Electrosurgery on Alveolar Bone. Journal of Periodontology. 1983 Feb;54(2):96–100.
  • 22. J.R. Boj, C. Poirier, M. Hernandez, E. Espasa, A. Espanya. Review- Laser soft tissue treatments for paediatric dental patients. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. 2011;12(2):100–5.
  • 23. Mazin Akram H, Husham Ali O, Kadhum Omran N, Omran Ali A. Diode Laser Versus Scalpel Gingivectomy. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal. 2017 Dec 28;10(4):1799–804.
  • 24. Amaral MBF, de Ávila JMS, Abreu MHG, Mesquita RA. Diode laser surgery versus scalpel surgery in the treatment of fibrous hyperplasia: a randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2015 Nov;44(11):1383–9.
  • 25. Santa Maria C, Aby J, Truong MT, Thakur Y, Rea S, Messner A. The Superior Labial Frenulum in Newborns: What Is Normal? Global Pediatric Health. 2017 Jan 1;4
  • 26. Priyanka M, Emmadi P, Ambalavanan N, Sruthi R, Ramakrishnan T. An overview of frenal attachments. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. 2013;17(1):12.
  • 27. Boutsi EA, Tatakis DN. Maxillary labial frenum attachment in children. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2011 Jul;21(4):284–8.
  • 28. Bervian J, Cazarotto F, Perussolo B, Patussi EG, Pavinatto L, Brusco C. Description of the Upper Labial Frenulum Characteristics in Preschool Children of Passo Fundo, Brazil. Brazilian Research in Pediatric Dentistry and Integrated Clinic. 2016;16(1):351–7.
  • 29. Devishree D. Frenectomy: A Review with the Reports of Surgical Techniques. JOURNAL of CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. 2012;6(9):1587–92.
  • 30. Suter VGA, Heinzmann AE, Grossen J, Sculean A, Bornstein MM. Does the maxillary midline diastema close after frenectomy? Quintessence International. 2014;45(1):57–66.
  • 31. Tadros S, Ben-Dov T, Catháin ÉÓ, Anglin C, April MM. Association between superior labial frenum and maxillary midline diastema — a systematic review. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2022 May;156:111063.
  • 32. Baxter RT, Zaghi S, Lashley AP. Safety and efficacy of maxillary labial frenectomy in children: A retrospective comparative cohort study. International Orthodontics. 2022 Jun;20(2):100630.
  • 33. Tanık A, Çiçek Y. Evaluation of the distance between the central teeth after frenectomy: a randomized clinical study. European Oral Research. 2020 Feb 18;
  • 34. Rowan-Legg A. Ankyloglossia and breastfeeding. Paediatrics & Child Health. 2015 May 11;20(4):209–13.
  • 35. Ghaheri BA, Cole M, Fausel SC, Chuop M, Mace JC. Breastfeeding improvement following tongue‐tie and liptie release: A prospective cohort study. The Laryngoscope. 2017 May 19;127(5):1217–23.
  • 36. Jadhav BJ, Varma S, Suragimath G, Zope SA, Mishra N, Mohite HA. Management of Postoperative Hematoma Following a Lingual Frenectomy: A Case Report. Cureus. 2025 Feb 1;
  • 37. Verco PJW. Case Report and Clinical Technique: Argon Beam Electrosurgery for Tongue Ties and Maxillary Frenectomies in Infants and Children. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. 2007 Nov 30;8(S1):15–9.
  • 38. Gontijo I, Navarro RS, Haypek P, Ciamponi AL, Haddad AE. The applications of diode and Er:YAG lasers in labial frenectomy in infant patients. Journal of Dentistry for Children. 2005;72(1):10–5.
  • 39. KOIS JC. The restorative-periodontal interface: biological parameters. Periodontology 2000. 1996 Jun;11(1):29–38.
  • 40. Chung MP, Wang SS, Chen CP, Shieh YS. Management of crown-root fracture tooth by intra-alveolar transplantation with 180-degree rotation and suture fixation. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 2010 Feb;109(2):e126–30.
  • 41. Yang L, Liu Q, Liu MW, Gu F, Wang ZJ, Zuo Y, et al. Management of Crown-root Fracture with 180-degree Rotation Replantation: a Report of 2 Cases. The Chinese journal of dental research. 2023 Mar 29;26(1):53–8.
  • 42. Seow W. Diagnosis and management of unusual dental abscesses in children. Australian Dental Journal. 2003 Sep 12;48(3):156–68.
  • 43. Dodson TB, Kaban LB. Infections of the Maxillofacial Region. In: Pediatric Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Elsevier; 2004. p. 171–86.
  • 44. S. Wilson, RD.Montgomery. Local anesthesia and oral surgery in children. Fields HW Jr., DJ M, Nowak AJ, editors. Elsevier; 2013. 398–410 p.
  • 45. Petti S, Glendor U, Andersson L. World traumatic dental injury prevalence and incidence, a meta‐analysis—One billion living people have had traumatic dental injuries. Dental Traumatology. 2018 Apr 25;34(2):71–86.
  • 46. Kutcipal E. Pediatric Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Dental Clinics of North America. 2013 Jan;57(1):83–98.
  • 47. Main genetic entities associated with supernumerary teeth. Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria. 2018 Dec 1;116(6).
  • 48. Regezi J, Sciubba J, Jordan R. Abnormalities of teeth. In: Oral Pathology: Clinical-Pathologic Correlations. 6th ed. Saunders Elsevier; 2012. 373–87 p.
  • 49. Primosch RE. Anterior supernumerary teeth--assessment and surgical intervention in children. Pediatric dentistry. 1981 Jun;3(2):204–15.
  • 50. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Management of the developing dentition and occlusion in pediatric dentistry. 2023;466–83.
  • 51. Primosch RE. Anterior supernumerary teeth–assessment and surgical intervention in children. Pediatric dentistry. 1981 Jun;3(2):204–15.
  • 52. Khalaf K, Al Shehadat S, Murray CA. A Review of Supernumerary Teeth in the Premolar Region. International Journal of Dentistry. 2018 Dec 3;2018:1–6.
  • 53. Digman SW, Abramowicz S. Pediatric Dentoalveolar Surgery. Dental Clinics of North America. 2012 Jan;56(1):183–207.
  • 54. Shand J. Paediatric oral & maxillofacial surgery. Australian Dental Journal. 2018 Mar 25;63(S1).
  • 55. Goth S, Sawatari Y, Peleg M. Management of Pediatric Mandible Fractures. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2012 Jan;23(1):47–56.

Çocuk Diş Hekimliğinde Basit Cerrahi Girişimler

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 168 - 180, 10.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.58711/turkishjdentres.vi.1498533

Öz

Çocuk hastalarda travma ve çürük kaynaklı aşırı madde kayıpları, uygun olmayan frenulum bağlantıları, dişeti büyümeleri, sürme bozuklukları ve dental anomaliler gibi farklı nedenlerle cerrahi işlemlere gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Özellikle süt dişlerinin değişme zamanına kadar korunması çocuk hastalarda uzun dönemde ağız sağlığı açısından önem taşır. Cerrahi işlemlere gereksinim belirlenirken dişe ve hastaya bağlı faktörler değerlendirilerek gerekli endikasyon belirlenir. Cerrahi endikasyonun belirlenmesinde multidisipliner bakış açısı başarı için son derece önemlidir. Bu nedenle çocuk diş hekimleri, periodontologlar ve çene cerrahisi, uzmanları vakayı beraber ele almalıdır. Sürecin yönetilmesinde çocuk diş hekimi önemli rol oynar. Bu makale çocuk hastalarda en sık uygulanan cerrahi işlemleri endikasyon ve güncel uygulama teknikleri açısından disiplinler arası bakış açısı ile sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; Management Considerations for Pediatric Oral Surgery and Oral Pathology. 2023;527–36.
  • 2. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Classification of Periodontal Diseases in Infants, Children, Adolescents, and Individuals with Special Health Care Needs. 2022;451–65.
  • 3. Levin L, Day PF, Hicks L, O’Connell A, Fouad AF, Bourguignon C, et al. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: General introduction. Dental Traumatology. 2020 Aug 22;36(4):309–13.
  • 4. Plotino G, Abella Sans F, Duggal MS, Grande NM, Krastl G, Nagendrababu V, et al. Clinical procedures and outcome of surgical extrusion, intentional replantation and tooth autotransplantation – a narrative review. Int Endodontic J. 2020 Dec;53(12):1636–52.
  • 5. Capurro C, Martino AR, Chiappe GD, Merlino E, Laffi N. Oral surgery in paediatric dentistry: type of surgical treatment and age distribution in a Public Dental Service in Northern Italy. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2020;(1):35–8.
  • 6. Grønbæk AB, Petersen F, Haubek D, Poulsen S. Dentoalveolar oral surgery in children and adolescents: organization and surgical treatment in a large, Danish municipal dental service. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 2017 Nov 17;75(8):603–7.
  • 7. Newman MG, Carranza FA, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA, editors. Newman and Carranza’s clinical periodontology. Thirteenth edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019.
  • 8. Pari A. Gingival Diseases in Childhood – A Review. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2014;8(10).
  • 9. Peedikayil F, Vijayan A. An update on local anesthesia for pediatric dental patients. Anesthesia: Essays and Researches. 2013;7(1):4.
  • 10. Malamed SF. Local complications. In: Handbook of Local Anesthesia. 5th ed. Mosby; 2004. 285–7 p.
  • 11. Ogle OE, Mahjoubi G. Local Anesthesia: Agents, Techniques, and Complications. Dental Clinics of North America. 2012 Jan;56(1):133–48.
  • 12. Malamed SF. Anatomical considerations. In: Handbook of Local Anesthesia. 5th ed. Mosby Elsevier; 2004. 173–4 p.
  • 13. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Use of local anesthesia for pediatric dental patients. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. 2023;385–92.
  • 14. Kulkarni N, Parakh A, Modi S, Mankare A, Gauri Vanjari, Fernandes G. Painless Anaesthesia in Pediatric Dentistry: An Updated Review. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences. 18(4):67–71.
  • 15. Day PF, Flores MT, O’Connell AC, Abbott P V., Tsilingaridis G, Fouad AF, et al. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 3. Injuries in the primary dentition. Dental Traumatology. 2020 Aug 20;36(4):343–59.
  • 16. S.C. White, M. J. Pharoah. Oral radiology-E-Book: Principles and interpretation. 7th ed. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014. 185–98 p.
  • 17. Chesterman J, Beaumont J, Kellett M, Durey K. Gingival overgrowth: Part 2: management strategies. British Dental Journal. 2017 Feb 10;222(3):159–65.
  • 18. Lindhe J, Lang NP, editors. Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry. 6th ed. John Wiley& Sons; 2015.
  • 19. Xu D, Wang P, Liu H, Gu M. Efficacy of three surgical methods for gingivectomy of permanent anterior teeth with delayed tooth eruption in children. Head Face Med. 2022 Dec;18(1):23.
  • 20. Gençar K. Elektrocerrahi̇-Çocuklarda Kullanimi- Electrosurgery Use in Children. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry. 1995;29(1):28–32.
  • 21. Azzi R, Kenney EB, Tsao TF, Carranza FA. The Effect of Electrosurgery on Alveolar Bone. Journal of Periodontology. 1983 Feb;54(2):96–100.
  • 22. J.R. Boj, C. Poirier, M. Hernandez, E. Espasa, A. Espanya. Review- Laser soft tissue treatments for paediatric dental patients. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. 2011;12(2):100–5.
  • 23. Mazin Akram H, Husham Ali O, Kadhum Omran N, Omran Ali A. Diode Laser Versus Scalpel Gingivectomy. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal. 2017 Dec 28;10(4):1799–804.
  • 24. Amaral MBF, de Ávila JMS, Abreu MHG, Mesquita RA. Diode laser surgery versus scalpel surgery in the treatment of fibrous hyperplasia: a randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2015 Nov;44(11):1383–9.
  • 25. Santa Maria C, Aby J, Truong MT, Thakur Y, Rea S, Messner A. The Superior Labial Frenulum in Newborns: What Is Normal? Global Pediatric Health. 2017 Jan 1;4
  • 26. Priyanka M, Emmadi P, Ambalavanan N, Sruthi R, Ramakrishnan T. An overview of frenal attachments. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. 2013;17(1):12.
  • 27. Boutsi EA, Tatakis DN. Maxillary labial frenum attachment in children. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2011 Jul;21(4):284–8.
  • 28. Bervian J, Cazarotto F, Perussolo B, Patussi EG, Pavinatto L, Brusco C. Description of the Upper Labial Frenulum Characteristics in Preschool Children of Passo Fundo, Brazil. Brazilian Research in Pediatric Dentistry and Integrated Clinic. 2016;16(1):351–7.
  • 29. Devishree D. Frenectomy: A Review with the Reports of Surgical Techniques. JOURNAL of CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. 2012;6(9):1587–92.
  • 30. Suter VGA, Heinzmann AE, Grossen J, Sculean A, Bornstein MM. Does the maxillary midline diastema close after frenectomy? Quintessence International. 2014;45(1):57–66.
  • 31. Tadros S, Ben-Dov T, Catháin ÉÓ, Anglin C, April MM. Association between superior labial frenum and maxillary midline diastema — a systematic review. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2022 May;156:111063.
  • 32. Baxter RT, Zaghi S, Lashley AP. Safety and efficacy of maxillary labial frenectomy in children: A retrospective comparative cohort study. International Orthodontics. 2022 Jun;20(2):100630.
  • 33. Tanık A, Çiçek Y. Evaluation of the distance between the central teeth after frenectomy: a randomized clinical study. European Oral Research. 2020 Feb 18;
  • 34. Rowan-Legg A. Ankyloglossia and breastfeeding. Paediatrics & Child Health. 2015 May 11;20(4):209–13.
  • 35. Ghaheri BA, Cole M, Fausel SC, Chuop M, Mace JC. Breastfeeding improvement following tongue‐tie and liptie release: A prospective cohort study. The Laryngoscope. 2017 May 19;127(5):1217–23.
  • 36. Jadhav BJ, Varma S, Suragimath G, Zope SA, Mishra N, Mohite HA. Management of Postoperative Hematoma Following a Lingual Frenectomy: A Case Report. Cureus. 2025 Feb 1;
  • 37. Verco PJW. Case Report and Clinical Technique: Argon Beam Electrosurgery for Tongue Ties and Maxillary Frenectomies in Infants and Children. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. 2007 Nov 30;8(S1):15–9.
  • 38. Gontijo I, Navarro RS, Haypek P, Ciamponi AL, Haddad AE. The applications of diode and Er:YAG lasers in labial frenectomy in infant patients. Journal of Dentistry for Children. 2005;72(1):10–5.
  • 39. KOIS JC. The restorative-periodontal interface: biological parameters. Periodontology 2000. 1996 Jun;11(1):29–38.
  • 40. Chung MP, Wang SS, Chen CP, Shieh YS. Management of crown-root fracture tooth by intra-alveolar transplantation with 180-degree rotation and suture fixation. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 2010 Feb;109(2):e126–30.
  • 41. Yang L, Liu Q, Liu MW, Gu F, Wang ZJ, Zuo Y, et al. Management of Crown-root Fracture with 180-degree Rotation Replantation: a Report of 2 Cases. The Chinese journal of dental research. 2023 Mar 29;26(1):53–8.
  • 42. Seow W. Diagnosis and management of unusual dental abscesses in children. Australian Dental Journal. 2003 Sep 12;48(3):156–68.
  • 43. Dodson TB, Kaban LB. Infections of the Maxillofacial Region. In: Pediatric Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Elsevier; 2004. p. 171–86.
  • 44. S. Wilson, RD.Montgomery. Local anesthesia and oral surgery in children. Fields HW Jr., DJ M, Nowak AJ, editors. Elsevier; 2013. 398–410 p.
  • 45. Petti S, Glendor U, Andersson L. World traumatic dental injury prevalence and incidence, a meta‐analysis—One billion living people have had traumatic dental injuries. Dental Traumatology. 2018 Apr 25;34(2):71–86.
  • 46. Kutcipal E. Pediatric Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Dental Clinics of North America. 2013 Jan;57(1):83–98.
  • 47. Main genetic entities associated with supernumerary teeth. Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria. 2018 Dec 1;116(6).
  • 48. Regezi J, Sciubba J, Jordan R. Abnormalities of teeth. In: Oral Pathology: Clinical-Pathologic Correlations. 6th ed. Saunders Elsevier; 2012. 373–87 p.
  • 49. Primosch RE. Anterior supernumerary teeth--assessment and surgical intervention in children. Pediatric dentistry. 1981 Jun;3(2):204–15.
  • 50. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Management of the developing dentition and occlusion in pediatric dentistry. 2023;466–83.
  • 51. Primosch RE. Anterior supernumerary teeth–assessment and surgical intervention in children. Pediatric dentistry. 1981 Jun;3(2):204–15.
  • 52. Khalaf K, Al Shehadat S, Murray CA. A Review of Supernumerary Teeth in the Premolar Region. International Journal of Dentistry. 2018 Dec 3;2018:1–6.
  • 53. Digman SW, Abramowicz S. Pediatric Dentoalveolar Surgery. Dental Clinics of North America. 2012 Jan;56(1):183–207.
  • 54. Shand J. Paediatric oral & maxillofacial surgery. Australian Dental Journal. 2018 Mar 25;63(S1).
  • 55. Goth S, Sawatari Y, Peleg M. Management of Pediatric Mandible Fractures. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2012 Jan;23(1):47–56.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ağız ve Çene Cerrahisi, Çocuk Diş Hekimliği, Periodontoloji
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Özgün Alp Ünlü 0000-0001-7113-0820

Pınar Meriç Kantar 0000-0002-3846-8368

Meltem Özden Yüce 0000-0002-7088-9701

Nazan Ersin 0000-0002-5425-9582

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Kasım 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Haziran 2024
Kabul Tarihi 20 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Alp Ünlü Ö, Meriç Kantar P, Özden Yüce M, Ersin N. Çocuk Diş Hekimliğinde Basit Cerrahi Girişimler. J Turkish Dent Res. 2025;4(3):168-80.

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