Simple Surgical Procedures in Pediatric Dentistry
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 168 - 180, 10.11.2025
Özgün Alp Ünlü
,
Pınar Meriç Kantar
,
Meltem Özden Yüce
,
Nazan Ersin
Öz
Surgical procedures are required in pediatric patients for various reasons such as excessive material loss due to trauma and caries, improper frenulum connections, gingival enlargement, eruption disorders and dental anomalies. Protecting primary teeth until the exfoliation time is especially important for long-term oral health in pediatric patients. When determining the need for surgical procedures, factors related to the tooth and the patient are evaluated and the necessary indication is
determined. A multidisciplinary approach in determining surgical indications is of great importance. Therefore, pediatric dentists, periodontologists and oral surgeons should handle the case together. The pediatric dentist plays an important role in managing the process. This article aims to present the most frequently performed surgical procedures in pediatric patients from an interdisciplinary perspective in terms of indications and current application techniques.
Kaynakça
-
1. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; Management
Considerations for Pediatric Oral Surgery and Oral
Pathology. 2023;527–36.
-
2. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Classification of
Periodontal Diseases in Infants, Children, Adolescents, and
Individuals with Special Health Care Needs. 2022;451–65.
-
3. Levin L, Day PF, Hicks L, O’Connell A, Fouad AF,
Bourguignon C, et al. International Association of Dental
Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic
dental injuries: General introduction. Dental Traumatology.
2020 Aug 22;36(4):309–13.
-
4. Plotino G, Abella Sans F, Duggal MS, Grande NM, Krastl
G, Nagendrababu V, et al. Clinical procedures and outcome
of surgical extrusion, intentional replantation and tooth
autotransplantation – a narrative review. Int Endodontic J.
2020 Dec;53(12):1636–52.
-
5. Capurro C, Martino AR, Chiappe GD, Merlino E, Laffi
N. Oral surgery in paediatric dentistry: type of surgical
treatment and age distribution in a Public Dental Service
in Northern Italy. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry.
2020;(1):35–8.
-
6. Grønbæk AB, Petersen F, Haubek D, Poulsen S.
Dentoalveolar oral surgery in children and adolescents:
organization and surgical treatment in a large, Danish
municipal dental service. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica.
2017 Nov 17;75(8):603–7.
-
7. Newman MG, Carranza FA, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR,
Carranza FA, editors. Newman and Carranza’s clinical
periodontology. Thirteenth edition. Philadelphia, PA:
Elsevier; 2019.
-
8. Pari A. Gingival Diseases in Childhood – A Review. Journal
of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2014;8(10).
-
9. Peedikayil F, Vijayan A. An update on local anesthesia
for pediatric dental patients. Anesthesia: Essays and
Researches. 2013;7(1):4.
-
10. Malamed SF. Local complications. In: Handbook of Local
Anesthesia. 5th ed. Mosby; 2004. 285–7 p.
-
11. Ogle OE, Mahjoubi G. Local Anesthesia: Agents,
Techniques, and Complications. Dental Clinics of North
America. 2012 Jan;56(1):133–48.
-
12. Malamed SF. Anatomical considerations. In: Handbook of
Local Anesthesia. 5th ed. Mosby Elsevier; 2004. 173–4 p.
-
13. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Use of local
anesthesia for pediatric dental patients. The Reference
Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. 2023;385–92.
-
14. Kulkarni N, Parakh A, Modi S, Mankare A, Gauri Vanjari,
Fernandes G. Painless Anaesthesia in Pediatric Dentistry:
An Updated Review. Journal of Dental and Medical
Sciences. 18(4):67–71.
-
15. Day PF, Flores MT, O’Connell AC, Abbott P V., Tsilingaridis
G, Fouad AF, et al. International Association of Dental
Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic
dental injuries: 3. Injuries in the primary dentition. Dental
Traumatology. 2020 Aug 20;36(4):343–59.
-
16. S.C. White, M. J. Pharoah. Oral radiology-E-Book:
Principles and interpretation. 7th ed. Elsevier Health
Sciences; 2014. 185–98 p.
-
17. Chesterman J, Beaumont J, Kellett M, Durey K. Gingival
overgrowth: Part 2: management strategies. British Dental
Journal. 2017 Feb 10;222(3):159–65.
-
18. Lindhe J, Lang NP, editors. Clinical periodontology and
implant dentistry. 6th ed. John Wiley& Sons; 2015.
-
19. Xu D, Wang P, Liu H, Gu M. Efficacy of three surgical
methods for gingivectomy of permanent anterior teeth with
delayed tooth eruption in children. Head Face Med. 2022
Dec;18(1):23.
-
20. Gençar K. Elektrocerrahi̇-Çocuklarda Kullanimi-
Electrosurgery Use in Children. Journal of Istanbul
University Faculty of Dentistry. 1995;29(1):28–32.
-
21. Azzi R, Kenney EB, Tsao TF, Carranza FA. The Effect of
Electrosurgery on Alveolar Bone. Journal of Periodontology.
1983 Feb;54(2):96–100.
-
22. J.R. Boj, C. Poirier, M. Hernandez, E. Espasa, A. Espanya.
Review- Laser soft tissue treatments for paediatric dental
patients. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry.
2011;12(2):100–5.
-
23. Mazin Akram H, Husham Ali O, Kadhum Omran N,
Omran Ali A. Diode Laser Versus Scalpel Gingivectomy.
Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal. 2017 Dec
28;10(4):1799–804.
-
24. Amaral MBF, de Ávila JMS, Abreu MHG, Mesquita RA.
Diode laser surgery versus scalpel surgery in the treatment
of fibrous hyperplasia: a randomized clinical trial.
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
2015 Nov;44(11):1383–9.
-
25. Santa Maria C, Aby J, Truong MT, Thakur Y, Rea S,
Messner A. The Superior Labial Frenulum in Newborns:
What Is Normal? Global Pediatric Health. 2017 Jan 1;4
-
26. Priyanka M, Emmadi P, Ambalavanan N, Sruthi R,
Ramakrishnan T. An overview of frenal attachments.
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. 2013;17(1):12.
-
27. Boutsi EA, Tatakis DN. Maxillary labial frenum attachment
in children. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry.
2011 Jul;21(4):284–8.
-
28. Bervian J, Cazarotto F, Perussolo B, Patussi EG, Pavinatto
L, Brusco C. Description of the Upper Labial Frenulum
Characteristics in Preschool Children of Passo Fundo,
Brazil. Brazilian Research in Pediatric Dentistry and
Integrated Clinic. 2016;16(1):351–7.
-
29. Devishree D. Frenectomy: A Review with the Reports of
Surgical Techniques. JOURNAL of CLINICAL AND
DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. 2012;6(9):1587–92.
-
30. Suter VGA, Heinzmann AE, Grossen J, Sculean A,
Bornstein MM. Does the maxillary midline diastema
close after frenectomy? Quintessence International.
2014;45(1):57–66.
-
31. Tadros S, Ben-Dov T, Catháin ÉÓ, Anglin C, April MM.
Association between superior labial frenum and maxillary
midline diastema — a systematic review. International
Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2022
May;156:111063.
-
32. Baxter RT, Zaghi S, Lashley AP. Safety and efficacy of
maxillary labial frenectomy in children: A retrospective
comparative cohort study. International Orthodontics. 2022
Jun;20(2):100630.
-
33. Tanık A, Çiçek Y. Evaluation of the distance between the
central teeth after frenectomy: a randomized clinical study.
European Oral Research. 2020 Feb 18;
-
34. Rowan-Legg A. Ankyloglossia and breastfeeding.
Paediatrics & Child Health. 2015 May 11;20(4):209–13.
-
35. Ghaheri BA, Cole M, Fausel SC, Chuop M, Mace JC.
Breastfeeding improvement following tongue‐tie and liptie
release: A prospective cohort study. The Laryngoscope.
2017 May 19;127(5):1217–23.
-
36. Jadhav BJ, Varma S, Suragimath G, Zope SA, Mishra N,
Mohite HA. Management of Postoperative Hematoma
Following a Lingual Frenectomy: A Case Report. Cureus.
2025 Feb 1;
-
37. Verco PJW. Case Report and Clinical Technique: Argon
Beam Electrosurgery for Tongue Ties and Maxillary
Frenectomies in Infants and Children. European Archives
of Paediatric Dentistry. 2007 Nov 30;8(S1):15–9.
-
38. Gontijo I, Navarro RS, Haypek P, Ciamponi AL, Haddad
AE. The applications of diode and Er:YAG lasers in labial
frenectomy in infant patients. Journal of Dentistry for
Children. 2005;72(1):10–5.
-
39. KOIS JC. The restorative-periodontal interface: biological
parameters. Periodontology 2000. 1996 Jun;11(1):29–38.
-
40. Chung MP, Wang SS, Chen CP, Shieh YS. Management of
crown-root fracture tooth by intra-alveolar transplantation
with 180-degree rotation and suture fixation. Oral Surgery,
Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and
Endodontology. 2010 Feb;109(2):e126–30.
-
41. Yang L, Liu Q, Liu MW, Gu F, Wang ZJ, Zuo Y, et al.
Management of Crown-root Fracture with 180-degree
Rotation Replantation: a Report of 2 Cases. The Chinese
journal of dental research. 2023 Mar 29;26(1):53–8.
-
42. Seow W. Diagnosis and management of unusual dental
abscesses in children. Australian Dental Journal. 2003 Sep
12;48(3):156–68.
-
43. Dodson TB, Kaban LB. Infections of the Maxillofacial
Region. In: Pediatric Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
Elsevier; 2004. p. 171–86.
-
44. S. Wilson, RD.Montgomery. Local anesthesia and oral
surgery in children. Fields HW Jr., DJ M, Nowak AJ,
editors. Elsevier; 2013. 398–410 p.
-
45. Petti S, Glendor U, Andersson L. World traumatic dental
injury prevalence and incidence, a meta‐analysis—One
billion living people have had traumatic dental injuries.
Dental Traumatology. 2018 Apr 25;34(2):71–86.
-
46. Kutcipal E. Pediatric Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
Dental Clinics of North America. 2013 Jan;57(1):83–98.
-
47. Main genetic entities associated with supernumerary teeth.
Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria. 2018 Dec 1;116(6).
-
48. Regezi J, Sciubba J, Jordan R. Abnormalities of teeth. In:
Oral Pathology: Clinical-Pathologic Correlations. 6th ed.
Saunders Elsevier; 2012. 373–87 p.
-
49. Primosch RE. Anterior supernumerary teeth--assessment
and surgical intervention in children. Pediatric dentistry.
1981 Jun;3(2):204–15.
-
50. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Management
of the developing dentition and occlusion in pediatric
dentistry. 2023;466–83.
-
51. Primosch RE. Anterior supernumerary teeth–assessment
and surgical intervention in children. Pediatric dentistry.
1981 Jun;3(2):204–15.
-
52. Khalaf K, Al Shehadat S, Murray CA. A Review of
Supernumerary Teeth in the Premolar Region. International
Journal of Dentistry. 2018 Dec 3;2018:1–6.
-
53. Digman SW, Abramowicz S. Pediatric Dentoalveolar
Surgery. Dental Clinics of North America. 2012
Jan;56(1):183–207.
-
54. Shand J. Paediatric oral & maxillofacial surgery. Australian
Dental Journal. 2018 Mar 25;63(S1).
-
55. Goth S, Sawatari Y, Peleg M. Management of Pediatric
Mandible Fractures. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2012
Jan;23(1):47–56.
Çocuk Diş Hekimliğinde Basit Cerrahi Girişimler
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 168 - 180, 10.11.2025
Özgün Alp Ünlü
,
Pınar Meriç Kantar
,
Meltem Özden Yüce
,
Nazan Ersin
Öz
Çocuk hastalarda travma ve çürük kaynaklı aşırı madde kayıpları, uygun olmayan frenulum bağlantıları, dişeti büyümeleri, sürme bozuklukları ve dental anomaliler gibi farklı nedenlerle cerrahi işlemlere gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Özellikle süt dişlerinin değişme zamanına kadar korunması çocuk hastalarda uzun dönemde ağız sağlığı açısından önem taşır. Cerrahi işlemlere gereksinim belirlenirken dişe ve hastaya bağlı faktörler değerlendirilerek gerekli endikasyon belirlenir. Cerrahi endikasyonun belirlenmesinde multidisipliner bakış açısı başarı için son derece önemlidir. Bu nedenle çocuk diş hekimleri, periodontologlar ve çene cerrahisi, uzmanları vakayı beraber ele almalıdır. Sürecin yönetilmesinde çocuk diş hekimi önemli rol oynar. Bu makale çocuk hastalarda en sık uygulanan cerrahi işlemleri endikasyon ve güncel uygulama teknikleri açısından disiplinler arası bakış açısı ile sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Kaynakça
-
1. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; Management
Considerations for Pediatric Oral Surgery and Oral
Pathology. 2023;527–36.
-
2. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Classification of
Periodontal Diseases in Infants, Children, Adolescents, and
Individuals with Special Health Care Needs. 2022;451–65.
-
3. Levin L, Day PF, Hicks L, O’Connell A, Fouad AF,
Bourguignon C, et al. International Association of Dental
Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic
dental injuries: General introduction. Dental Traumatology.
2020 Aug 22;36(4):309–13.
-
4. Plotino G, Abella Sans F, Duggal MS, Grande NM, Krastl
G, Nagendrababu V, et al. Clinical procedures and outcome
of surgical extrusion, intentional replantation and tooth
autotransplantation – a narrative review. Int Endodontic J.
2020 Dec;53(12):1636–52.
-
5. Capurro C, Martino AR, Chiappe GD, Merlino E, Laffi
N. Oral surgery in paediatric dentistry: type of surgical
treatment and age distribution in a Public Dental Service
in Northern Italy. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry.
2020;(1):35–8.
-
6. Grønbæk AB, Petersen F, Haubek D, Poulsen S.
Dentoalveolar oral surgery in children and adolescents:
organization and surgical treatment in a large, Danish
municipal dental service. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica.
2017 Nov 17;75(8):603–7.
-
7. Newman MG, Carranza FA, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR,
Carranza FA, editors. Newman and Carranza’s clinical
periodontology. Thirteenth edition. Philadelphia, PA:
Elsevier; 2019.
-
8. Pari A. Gingival Diseases in Childhood – A Review. Journal
of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2014;8(10).
-
9. Peedikayil F, Vijayan A. An update on local anesthesia
for pediatric dental patients. Anesthesia: Essays and
Researches. 2013;7(1):4.
-
10. Malamed SF. Local complications. In: Handbook of Local
Anesthesia. 5th ed. Mosby; 2004. 285–7 p.
-
11. Ogle OE, Mahjoubi G. Local Anesthesia: Agents,
Techniques, and Complications. Dental Clinics of North
America. 2012 Jan;56(1):133–48.
-
12. Malamed SF. Anatomical considerations. In: Handbook of
Local Anesthesia. 5th ed. Mosby Elsevier; 2004. 173–4 p.
-
13. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Use of local
anesthesia for pediatric dental patients. The Reference
Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. 2023;385–92.
-
14. Kulkarni N, Parakh A, Modi S, Mankare A, Gauri Vanjari,
Fernandes G. Painless Anaesthesia in Pediatric Dentistry:
An Updated Review. Journal of Dental and Medical
Sciences. 18(4):67–71.
-
15. Day PF, Flores MT, O’Connell AC, Abbott P V., Tsilingaridis
G, Fouad AF, et al. International Association of Dental
Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic
dental injuries: 3. Injuries in the primary dentition. Dental
Traumatology. 2020 Aug 20;36(4):343–59.
-
16. S.C. White, M. J. Pharoah. Oral radiology-E-Book:
Principles and interpretation. 7th ed. Elsevier Health
Sciences; 2014. 185–98 p.
-
17. Chesterman J, Beaumont J, Kellett M, Durey K. Gingival
overgrowth: Part 2: management strategies. British Dental
Journal. 2017 Feb 10;222(3):159–65.
-
18. Lindhe J, Lang NP, editors. Clinical periodontology and
implant dentistry. 6th ed. John Wiley& Sons; 2015.
-
19. Xu D, Wang P, Liu H, Gu M. Efficacy of three surgical
methods for gingivectomy of permanent anterior teeth with
delayed tooth eruption in children. Head Face Med. 2022
Dec;18(1):23.
-
20. Gençar K. Elektrocerrahi̇-Çocuklarda Kullanimi-
Electrosurgery Use in Children. Journal of Istanbul
University Faculty of Dentistry. 1995;29(1):28–32.
-
21. Azzi R, Kenney EB, Tsao TF, Carranza FA. The Effect of
Electrosurgery on Alveolar Bone. Journal of Periodontology.
1983 Feb;54(2):96–100.
-
22. J.R. Boj, C. Poirier, M. Hernandez, E. Espasa, A. Espanya.
Review- Laser soft tissue treatments for paediatric dental
patients. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry.
2011;12(2):100–5.
-
23. Mazin Akram H, Husham Ali O, Kadhum Omran N,
Omran Ali A. Diode Laser Versus Scalpel Gingivectomy.
Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal. 2017 Dec
28;10(4):1799–804.
-
24. Amaral MBF, de Ávila JMS, Abreu MHG, Mesquita RA.
Diode laser surgery versus scalpel surgery in the treatment
of fibrous hyperplasia: a randomized clinical trial.
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
2015 Nov;44(11):1383–9.
-
25. Santa Maria C, Aby J, Truong MT, Thakur Y, Rea S,
Messner A. The Superior Labial Frenulum in Newborns:
What Is Normal? Global Pediatric Health. 2017 Jan 1;4
-
26. Priyanka M, Emmadi P, Ambalavanan N, Sruthi R,
Ramakrishnan T. An overview of frenal attachments.
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. 2013;17(1):12.
-
27. Boutsi EA, Tatakis DN. Maxillary labial frenum attachment
in children. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry.
2011 Jul;21(4):284–8.
-
28. Bervian J, Cazarotto F, Perussolo B, Patussi EG, Pavinatto
L, Brusco C. Description of the Upper Labial Frenulum
Characteristics in Preschool Children of Passo Fundo,
Brazil. Brazilian Research in Pediatric Dentistry and
Integrated Clinic. 2016;16(1):351–7.
-
29. Devishree D. Frenectomy: A Review with the Reports of
Surgical Techniques. JOURNAL of CLINICAL AND
DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. 2012;6(9):1587–92.
-
30. Suter VGA, Heinzmann AE, Grossen J, Sculean A,
Bornstein MM. Does the maxillary midline diastema
close after frenectomy? Quintessence International.
2014;45(1):57–66.
-
31. Tadros S, Ben-Dov T, Catháin ÉÓ, Anglin C, April MM.
Association between superior labial frenum and maxillary
midline diastema — a systematic review. International
Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2022
May;156:111063.
-
32. Baxter RT, Zaghi S, Lashley AP. Safety and efficacy of
maxillary labial frenectomy in children: A retrospective
comparative cohort study. International Orthodontics. 2022
Jun;20(2):100630.
-
33. Tanık A, Çiçek Y. Evaluation of the distance between the
central teeth after frenectomy: a randomized clinical study.
European Oral Research. 2020 Feb 18;
-
34. Rowan-Legg A. Ankyloglossia and breastfeeding.
Paediatrics & Child Health. 2015 May 11;20(4):209–13.
-
35. Ghaheri BA, Cole M, Fausel SC, Chuop M, Mace JC.
Breastfeeding improvement following tongue‐tie and liptie
release: A prospective cohort study. The Laryngoscope.
2017 May 19;127(5):1217–23.
-
36. Jadhav BJ, Varma S, Suragimath G, Zope SA, Mishra N,
Mohite HA. Management of Postoperative Hematoma
Following a Lingual Frenectomy: A Case Report. Cureus.
2025 Feb 1;
-
37. Verco PJW. Case Report and Clinical Technique: Argon
Beam Electrosurgery for Tongue Ties and Maxillary
Frenectomies in Infants and Children. European Archives
of Paediatric Dentistry. 2007 Nov 30;8(S1):15–9.
-
38. Gontijo I, Navarro RS, Haypek P, Ciamponi AL, Haddad
AE. The applications of diode and Er:YAG lasers in labial
frenectomy in infant patients. Journal of Dentistry for
Children. 2005;72(1):10–5.
-
39. KOIS JC. The restorative-periodontal interface: biological
parameters. Periodontology 2000. 1996 Jun;11(1):29–38.
-
40. Chung MP, Wang SS, Chen CP, Shieh YS. Management of
crown-root fracture tooth by intra-alveolar transplantation
with 180-degree rotation and suture fixation. Oral Surgery,
Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and
Endodontology. 2010 Feb;109(2):e126–30.
-
41. Yang L, Liu Q, Liu MW, Gu F, Wang ZJ, Zuo Y, et al.
Management of Crown-root Fracture with 180-degree
Rotation Replantation: a Report of 2 Cases. The Chinese
journal of dental research. 2023 Mar 29;26(1):53–8.
-
42. Seow W. Diagnosis and management of unusual dental
abscesses in children. Australian Dental Journal. 2003 Sep
12;48(3):156–68.
-
43. Dodson TB, Kaban LB. Infections of the Maxillofacial
Region. In: Pediatric Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
Elsevier; 2004. p. 171–86.
-
44. S. Wilson, RD.Montgomery. Local anesthesia and oral
surgery in children. Fields HW Jr., DJ M, Nowak AJ,
editors. Elsevier; 2013. 398–410 p.
-
45. Petti S, Glendor U, Andersson L. World traumatic dental
injury prevalence and incidence, a meta‐analysis—One
billion living people have had traumatic dental injuries.
Dental Traumatology. 2018 Apr 25;34(2):71–86.
-
46. Kutcipal E. Pediatric Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
Dental Clinics of North America. 2013 Jan;57(1):83–98.
-
47. Main genetic entities associated with supernumerary teeth.
Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria. 2018 Dec 1;116(6).
-
48. Regezi J, Sciubba J, Jordan R. Abnormalities of teeth. In:
Oral Pathology: Clinical-Pathologic Correlations. 6th ed.
Saunders Elsevier; 2012. 373–87 p.
-
49. Primosch RE. Anterior supernumerary teeth--assessment
and surgical intervention in children. Pediatric dentistry.
1981 Jun;3(2):204–15.
-
50. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Management
of the developing dentition and occlusion in pediatric
dentistry. 2023;466–83.
-
51. Primosch RE. Anterior supernumerary teeth–assessment
and surgical intervention in children. Pediatric dentistry.
1981 Jun;3(2):204–15.
-
52. Khalaf K, Al Shehadat S, Murray CA. A Review of
Supernumerary Teeth in the Premolar Region. International
Journal of Dentistry. 2018 Dec 3;2018:1–6.
-
53. Digman SW, Abramowicz S. Pediatric Dentoalveolar
Surgery. Dental Clinics of North America. 2012
Jan;56(1):183–207.
-
54. Shand J. Paediatric oral & maxillofacial surgery. Australian
Dental Journal. 2018 Mar 25;63(S1).
-
55. Goth S, Sawatari Y, Peleg M. Management of Pediatric
Mandible Fractures. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2012
Jan;23(1):47–56.