THE TOBACCO CONTROVERSY IN EARLY MODERN OTTOMAN CHRISTIAN AND MUSLIM DISCOURSE

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 21, 121 - 135, 01.12.2014

Eugenia Kermeli

Öz

The tobacco controversy in the Early Modern Ottoman society has attracted the attention of many scholars. Social and legal aspects of the consumption of coffee and subsequently of tobacco depicted new forms of sociability that would become the hallmark of the Early Modern Period. Despite rulers’ ban and oppression from above, the new habit is to spread rapidly and transcend social, religious and confessional barriers. Albeit these important developments, the effort of ottoman elites Muslim and non-Muslim alike to restrain and manipulate social behaviour has received little attention. A comparison of Akhisari’s treatise against smoking and Nikolaos Mavrokordatos’ admonition against tobacco depicted that Muslim and non-Muslim ottoman elites shared the same ideas on the ban of tobacco consumption and uncontrollable sociability. It is thus to no surprise that in their quest for social control the ottoman elites employed even the same argumentation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tobacco, risale, fatwa, Akhisarî, Nikolaos Mavrokordatos, Kadizadelis.

Yeni Çağ Başlarında Osmanlı İslam ve Hristiyan Dinî Söylemlerinde Tütün Tüketimi

Öz

Erken Yeni Çağın Osmanlı toplumunda sigara veya tütün tüketimi konusunda ortaya çıkan tartışma pek çok uzmanın dikkatini çekmiştir. Önce kahve sonra da tütün tüketiminin sosyal ve hukuki veçheleri erken modern döneme damgasını vuracak sosyalleşmenin yeni biçimlerini gösterir. Yöneticilerin yasaklamasına ve yukarıdan aşağıya uygulanan baskılara rağmen bu yeni alışkanlık hızla yayılacak ve sosyal, dini ve mezhepsel engelleri aşacaktır. Bu önemli gelişmelere rağmen, Osmanlı müslim ve gayri-müslim eliti tarafından ortaya konan kısıtlama girişimi ve vaziyeti ustaca idare etme çabası çok az uzmanın dikkatini çekmiştir. Tütün tüketimine yönelik olarak Akhisarî ve Nikolas Mavrokordatos tarafından kaleme alınan risalelerin karşılaştırılması müslüman veya gayri müslim olsun Osmanlı elitinin, tütün tüketimi ve kontrol edilemez sosyalleşme konusunda ortak bir tutum sergilediğini gösterir. Bu sebeple, sosyal kontrol arayışlarında farklı dinlere mensup olsalar da Osmanlı elitinin aynı iddialar ve argümanları kullanıyor olmaları şaşırtıcı değildir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tütün, risale, fetva, Akhisarî, Nikolaos Mavrokordatos, Kadızadeliler.

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