The Effect of Extraction with Different Solvent Types on Bioactive Properties of Jujube (Ziziphus jujube) Fruit
Yıl 2020,
, 256 - 268, 25.01.2020
Beyza Çiftçi
Kevser Karaman
,
Mahmut Kaplan
Öz
In this study, the bioactive performance of extracts obtained by extracting jujube (Z. jujube) fruit with different solvent type was investigated and the changes in bioactive parameters depending on solvent type were investigated. As solvent, ethanol, methanol, acetone, water and their mixtures with water (1: 1) were used and total phenolic and flavonoid content and antiradical activity and antioxidant capacity values of the samples were determined. Total phenolic content of the samples was determined as 198.6-9504 mg GAE/kg and total flavonoid content was determined as 872.5-5037.5 mg CE/kg. The lowest value was obtained with acetone and the highest value was for acetone:water mixture. DPPH and ABTS.+ radical scavenging activities of the samples were determined as in the range of 1.49-63.7% and 0.38-13.65 μg Trolox/g respectively and the highest values were determined in the extract sample obtained with acetone:water mixture. Solvent type where the extract samples showed the highest antioxidant effect was also a mixture of acetone and water, and the antioxidant and antiradical activities of the samples showed an increase in the density of phenolic substances and positive and significant relationships was observed between them.
Kaynakça
- Alothman, M., Bhat, R., Karim, A.A. 2009. Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of selected tropical fruits from Malaysia, extracted with different solvents. Food Chemistry, 115(3): 785-788.
- Aravindaram, K., Yang, N.S. 2010. Anti-inflammatory plant natural products for cancer therapy. Planta Medica, 76(11): 1103-1117.
- Boeing, J.S., Barizão, É.O., e Silva, B.C., Montanher, P.F., de Cinque Almeida, V., Visentainer, J.V. 2014. Evaluation of solvent effect on the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities from the berries: Application of principal component analysis. Chemistry Central Journal, 8(1): 48.
- Bosso, A., Guaita, M., Petrozziello, M. (2016). Influence of solvents on the composition of condensed tannins in grape pomace seed extracts. Food Chemistry, 207: 162-169.
- Doğan, C., Doğan, N. Çelik, Ş. 2014. Farklı solventlerle ekstrakte edilen ceviz dış kabuklarının bazı biyokimyasal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(3): 41-47.
- Du, L.J., Gao, Q.H., Ji, X.L., Ma, Y.J., Xu, F.Y., Wang, M. 2013. Comparison of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and antioxidant activity of explosion-puffed and sun-dried jujubes (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(48): 11840-11847.
- Faller, A. L. K., Fialho, E. 2009. The antioxidant capacity and polyphenol content of organic and conventional retail vegetables after domestic cooking. Food Research International, 42(1): 210-215.
- Gao, Q.H., Wu, C.S., Yu, J.G., Wang, M., Ma, Y.J., Li, C.L. 2012. Textural characteristic, antioxidant activity, sugar, organic acid, and phenolic profiles of 10 promising jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) selections. Journal of Food Science, 77(11): C1218-C1225.
- Gao, Q. H., Wu, C. S., Wang, M. 2013. The jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit: a review of current knowledge of fruit composition and health benefits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(14): 3351-3363.
- Ghobadi, A., Amini Behbahani, F., Yousefi, A., Taghavi Shirazi, M., Behnoud, N. 2019. Medicinal and nutritional properties of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. in traditional persian medicine and modern phytotherapy. Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences, 6(2): 146-50.
- Jan, S., Khan, M. R., Rashid, U., Bokhari, J. 2013. Assessment of antioxidant potential, total phenolics and flavonoids of different solvent fractions of Monotheca buxifolia fruit. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, 4(5): 246-254.
- Leong, L.P, Shui, G. 2001. An investigation of antioxidant capacity of fruits in Singapore markets. Food Chemistry, 76: 69-75.
- Lu, Y., Foo, L.Y. 1999. Rosmarinic acid derivatives from Salvia officinalis. Phytochemistry, 51: 91-94.
- Luximon-Ramma, A., Bahorun, T., Crozier, A. 2003. Antioxidant actions and phenolic and vitamin C contents of common Mauritian exotic fruits. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 83: 496-502
- Maisuthisakul, P., Pongsawatmanit, R., Gordon, M.H. 2007. Characterization of the phytochemicals and antioxidant properties of extracts from Teaw (Cratoxylum formosum Dyer). Food Chemistry, 100(4): 1620-1629.
- Mathew, S. and Abraham, T.E. 2006. Studies on the antioxidant activities of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) bark extracts, through various in vitro models, Food Chemistry, 94: 520-528.
- Mokrani, A., Madani, K. 2016. Effect of solvent, time and temperature on the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of peach (Prunus persica L.) fruit. Separation and Purification Technology, 162: 68-76.
- Naczk, M., Shahidi, F. 2006. Phenolics in cereals, fruits and vegetables: Occurrence, extraction and analysis. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41: 1523-1542.
- Oyaizu, M. 1986. Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from glucose amine, Japan Journal of Nutrition, 44: 307-315.
- Pietta, P., Simonetti, P., Mauri, P. 1998. Antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46(11): 4487-90
- Plastina, P., Bonofiglio, D., Vizza, D., Fazio, A., Rovito, D., Giordano, C., Gabriele, B. 2012. Identification of bioactive constituents of Ziziphus jujube fruit extracts exerting antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in human breast cancer cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 140(2): 325-332.
- Prieto, P., Pineda, M., Aguilar, M. 1999. Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Analytical Biochemistry, 269(2): 337-341.
- Rival, S. G., Boeriu, C. G., Wichers, H. J. 2001. Caseins and casein hydrolysates. 2. Antioxidative properties and relevance to lipoxygenase inhibition. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(1): 295-302.
- Sahreen, S., Khan, M.R., Khan, R.A. 2010. Evaluation of antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits. Food Chemistry, 122(4): 1205-1211.
SAS Institute. 2000. JMP: Statistics and Graphics Guide. Sas Inst.
- Singleton, V.L., Rossi, J.A. 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16(3): 144-158.
- Sun, J., Chu, Y., Wu, X., Liu, R.H. 2002. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of common fruits. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 50: 7449-7454.
- Thoo, Y.Y., Ho, S.K., Liang, J.Y., Ho, C.W., Tan, C.P. 2010. Effects of binary solvent extraction system, extraction time and extraction temperature on phenolic antioxidants and antioxidant capacity from mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia). Food Chemistry, 120(1): 290-295.
- Tosetti, F., Noonan, D. M., Albini, A. 2009. Metabolic regulation and redox activity as mechanisms for angio prevention by dietary phytochemicals. International Journal of Cancer, 125(9): 1997-2003.
- Wettasinghe, M., Bolling, B., Pihak, L., Xiao, H., Parkin, K., 2002. Phase II enzyme-inducing and antioxidant activities of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) extracts from phenotypes of different pigmentation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50: 6704-6709.
- XLSTAT. 2013. Data analysis and statistics software for Microsoft Excel. New York, NY: Addinsoft.
- Xue, Z., Feng, W., Cao, J., Cao, D., Jiang, W. 2009. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents in peel and pulp of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill) fruits. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 33(5): 613-629.
- Yaşa, H. 2019. Türkiye Çanakkale’den hünnap meyvesinin (Zizyphus jujuba) sulu ekstresinin toplam fenolik miktarı ve antioksidan aktivitesi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1): 158-165.
- Zhishen J., Mengcheng, T., Jianming, W., 1999. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 64(4): 555-559.
Farklı Solvent Tipi ile Yapılan Ekstraksiyon İşleminin Hünnap (Ziziphus jujube) Meyvesinin Biyoaktif Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi
Yıl 2020,
, 256 - 268, 25.01.2020
Beyza Çiftçi
Kevser Karaman
,
Mahmut Kaplan
Öz
Bu çalışmada hünnap (Z. jujube) meyvesinin farklı solvent tipi ile ekstraksiyonu sonucunda elde edilen ekstrelerin biyoaktif performansları incelenmiş ve solvent tipine bağlı olarak biyoaktif parametrelerde meydana gelen değişim analiz edilmiştir. Solvent olarak etanol, metanol, aseton ve su ile organik solventlerin sulu karışımları (1:1) kullanılmış ve ekstre örneklerin de toplam fenolik ve flavonoid madde miktarı ile antiradikal aktivite ve antioksidan kapasite değerleri belirlenmiştir. Örneklerin toplam fenolik madde miktarları 198.6-9504 mg GAE/kg, toplam flavonoid madde miktarları ise 872.5-5037.5 mg CE/kg aralığında belirlenmiş olup, en düşük değer aseton ile alınan ekstrede, en yüksek değer ise aseton:su karışımı ile elde edilen ekstrede belirlenmiştir. Örneklerin DPPH ve ABTS.+ radikali süpürme aktiviteleri ise sırasıyla %1.49-63.7 ve 0.38-13.65 μg Troloks/g olarak belirlenmiş ve en yüksek değerler yine aseton:su karışımı ile elde edilen ekstre örneğinde tespit edilmiştir. Ekstre örneklerinin en yüksek antioksidan etki gösterdiği solvent tipi de yine aseton:su karışımı olmuş ve örneklerin antioksidan ve antiradikal aktiviteleri sahip oldukları fenolik madde yoğunluğu ölçüsünde artış göstermiş ve aralarında pozitif ve önemli bir ilişki olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Alothman, M., Bhat, R., Karim, A.A. 2009. Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of selected tropical fruits from Malaysia, extracted with different solvents. Food Chemistry, 115(3): 785-788.
- Aravindaram, K., Yang, N.S. 2010. Anti-inflammatory plant natural products for cancer therapy. Planta Medica, 76(11): 1103-1117.
- Boeing, J.S., Barizão, É.O., e Silva, B.C., Montanher, P.F., de Cinque Almeida, V., Visentainer, J.V. 2014. Evaluation of solvent effect on the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities from the berries: Application of principal component analysis. Chemistry Central Journal, 8(1): 48.
- Bosso, A., Guaita, M., Petrozziello, M. (2016). Influence of solvents on the composition of condensed tannins in grape pomace seed extracts. Food Chemistry, 207: 162-169.
- Doğan, C., Doğan, N. Çelik, Ş. 2014. Farklı solventlerle ekstrakte edilen ceviz dış kabuklarının bazı biyokimyasal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(3): 41-47.
- Du, L.J., Gao, Q.H., Ji, X.L., Ma, Y.J., Xu, F.Y., Wang, M. 2013. Comparison of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and antioxidant activity of explosion-puffed and sun-dried jujubes (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(48): 11840-11847.
- Faller, A. L. K., Fialho, E. 2009. The antioxidant capacity and polyphenol content of organic and conventional retail vegetables after domestic cooking. Food Research International, 42(1): 210-215.
- Gao, Q.H., Wu, C.S., Yu, J.G., Wang, M., Ma, Y.J., Li, C.L. 2012. Textural characteristic, antioxidant activity, sugar, organic acid, and phenolic profiles of 10 promising jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) selections. Journal of Food Science, 77(11): C1218-C1225.
- Gao, Q. H., Wu, C. S., Wang, M. 2013. The jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit: a review of current knowledge of fruit composition and health benefits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(14): 3351-3363.
- Ghobadi, A., Amini Behbahani, F., Yousefi, A., Taghavi Shirazi, M., Behnoud, N. 2019. Medicinal and nutritional properties of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. in traditional persian medicine and modern phytotherapy. Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences, 6(2): 146-50.
- Jan, S., Khan, M. R., Rashid, U., Bokhari, J. 2013. Assessment of antioxidant potential, total phenolics and flavonoids of different solvent fractions of Monotheca buxifolia fruit. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, 4(5): 246-254.
- Leong, L.P, Shui, G. 2001. An investigation of antioxidant capacity of fruits in Singapore markets. Food Chemistry, 76: 69-75.
- Lu, Y., Foo, L.Y. 1999. Rosmarinic acid derivatives from Salvia officinalis. Phytochemistry, 51: 91-94.
- Luximon-Ramma, A., Bahorun, T., Crozier, A. 2003. Antioxidant actions and phenolic and vitamin C contents of common Mauritian exotic fruits. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 83: 496-502
- Maisuthisakul, P., Pongsawatmanit, R., Gordon, M.H. 2007. Characterization of the phytochemicals and antioxidant properties of extracts from Teaw (Cratoxylum formosum Dyer). Food Chemistry, 100(4): 1620-1629.
- Mathew, S. and Abraham, T.E. 2006. Studies on the antioxidant activities of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) bark extracts, through various in vitro models, Food Chemistry, 94: 520-528.
- Mokrani, A., Madani, K. 2016. Effect of solvent, time and temperature on the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of peach (Prunus persica L.) fruit. Separation and Purification Technology, 162: 68-76.
- Naczk, M., Shahidi, F. 2006. Phenolics in cereals, fruits and vegetables: Occurrence, extraction and analysis. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41: 1523-1542.
- Oyaizu, M. 1986. Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from glucose amine, Japan Journal of Nutrition, 44: 307-315.
- Pietta, P., Simonetti, P., Mauri, P. 1998. Antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46(11): 4487-90
- Plastina, P., Bonofiglio, D., Vizza, D., Fazio, A., Rovito, D., Giordano, C., Gabriele, B. 2012. Identification of bioactive constituents of Ziziphus jujube fruit extracts exerting antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in human breast cancer cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 140(2): 325-332.
- Prieto, P., Pineda, M., Aguilar, M. 1999. Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Analytical Biochemistry, 269(2): 337-341.
- Rival, S. G., Boeriu, C. G., Wichers, H. J. 2001. Caseins and casein hydrolysates. 2. Antioxidative properties and relevance to lipoxygenase inhibition. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(1): 295-302.
- Sahreen, S., Khan, M.R., Khan, R.A. 2010. Evaluation of antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts of Carissa opaca fruits. Food Chemistry, 122(4): 1205-1211.
SAS Institute. 2000. JMP: Statistics and Graphics Guide. Sas Inst.
- Singleton, V.L., Rossi, J.A. 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16(3): 144-158.
- Sun, J., Chu, Y., Wu, X., Liu, R.H. 2002. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of common fruits. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 50: 7449-7454.
- Thoo, Y.Y., Ho, S.K., Liang, J.Y., Ho, C.W., Tan, C.P. 2010. Effects of binary solvent extraction system, extraction time and extraction temperature on phenolic antioxidants and antioxidant capacity from mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia). Food Chemistry, 120(1): 290-295.
- Tosetti, F., Noonan, D. M., Albini, A. 2009. Metabolic regulation and redox activity as mechanisms for angio prevention by dietary phytochemicals. International Journal of Cancer, 125(9): 1997-2003.
- Wettasinghe, M., Bolling, B., Pihak, L., Xiao, H., Parkin, K., 2002. Phase II enzyme-inducing and antioxidant activities of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) extracts from phenotypes of different pigmentation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50: 6704-6709.
- XLSTAT. 2013. Data analysis and statistics software for Microsoft Excel. New York, NY: Addinsoft.
- Xue, Z., Feng, W., Cao, J., Cao, D., Jiang, W. 2009. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents in peel and pulp of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill) fruits. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 33(5): 613-629.
- Yaşa, H. 2019. Türkiye Çanakkale’den hünnap meyvesinin (Zizyphus jujuba) sulu ekstresinin toplam fenolik miktarı ve antioksidan aktivitesi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1): 158-165.
- Zhishen J., Mengcheng, T., Jianming, W., 1999. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 64(4): 555-559.