The Last Barrier for 00-type interspecific rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): Glucosinolates

Year 2014, Volume: 1 Issue: Özel Sayı-2, 1413 - 1418, 01.03.2014

Fatih Seyis Emine Aydın

Abstract

The biggest problem of the use of resynthesised rapeseed forms in quality breeding is their high glucosinolate content arising from the same character originating from the B. oleracea parent. Glucosinolates are sulphur- and nitrogen containing plant secondary matabolites common in the Brassicaceae and related plant families. The hydrolyzed products of glucosinolates, namely, isothiocyanates and other sulphur-containing compounds, were shown to interfere with the uptake of iodine by the thyroid gland, contribute to liver disease, and reduce growth and weight gain in animals. Consequently, plant breeders realized that if rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) meal was to be used in animal feed, the glucosinolate content had to be reduced. Up to now, interspecific rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) hybrids displaying low erucic acid quality were developed. But their glucosinolate content are high because of the B. oleracea parent. To introduce canola quality in RS-lines crosses with adapted material and subsequent backcrosses to resynthesized material are required, followed by recurrent selection for agronomic performance. A second approach should be the reduction of the glucosinolate content of the B. oleracea parent. Possible methods may be the irradiation of B. oleracea seeds or interspecific hybridization of B. oleracea with related Brassica species,because the selection of cabbage genotypes with low glucosinolate content may be the longer and deficienter way. Another method should be the cultivation of the low erucic acid genotypes in vitro since tissue culture cause as well known somaclonal variation, which may led to the breakdown of the high glucosinolate level

Keywords

rapeseed, interspecific, hybrid, glucosinolates

The Last Barrier for 00-type interspecific rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): Glucosinolates

Abstract

Kolza kalite ıslahında türler arası melez formların kullanılmasındaki en büyük problem B. olearacea ebeveyneinden gelen yüksek orandaki glukosinolat özelliğidir. Glikozinolatlar Brassicaceae ve akraba bitki familyalarından yaygın olarak bulunan, sülfür ve azot içeren sekonder metabolitlerdir. Glikosinolatların parçalanma ürünleri olan isotiyosiyanatlar ve diğer sülfür içeren bileşiklerin tiroid bezi vasıtasıyla iyot alımı etkilediği ortaya konmuştur, bu da karaciğer hastalığına katkı yapar ve hayvanlarda canlı ağırlık kaybına sebebiyet vermektedir. Sonuç olarak, hayvan yemi içersinde kolza (Brassica napus L.) küspesi kullanılacaksa, glikosinolat oranının düşürülmesi gerekmektedir. Şimdiye kadar, bitkisel yağ kalitesine sahip türler arası melez kolza (Brassica napus L.) formları geliştirilmiştir. Fakat glikosinolat oranları B. oleracea ebeveyninden dolayı yüksektir. Türler arası melz kolza hatlarına kanola kaliteini aktarabilmek için önce adapte edilmiş kolza materyali ile melezleme ve ileriki aşamalarda verim bakımından tekrarlamalı seleksiyona ihtiyaç vardır. İkinci bir yöntem, B. oleracea ebeveynindeki glikosinolat oranının düşürülmesidir. Muhtemel metodlar, B. oleracea tohumlarının radyasyona tabi tutulması veya B. oleracea ‘nın diğer akraba Brassica formları ile melezlenmesidir, çünkü glikosinolat içeriği düşük lahana formlarının selekte edilmesi daha uzun ve zor yoldur. Diğer bir yöntem, düşük erusik asit içeriğine sahip genotiplerin in vitro olarak kültüre alınmasıdır, çünkü doku kültüründe somaklonal varyasyon oluşmakta, bu da belki glikosinolat seviyesinin kırılmasına sebebiyet verebilecektir

Keywords

Kolza, türler arası, hibrit, glikosinolatlar

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