BibTex RIS Cite

Effects of Triticale Replacement without Any Enzymes on Carcass Performance of Broiler Chickens

Year 2014, Volume: 1 Issue: Özel Sayı-2, 1468 - 1474, 01.03.2014

Abstract

The effects of different levels of triticale replacement with maize base diets without any enzymes supplementation on carcass performance of broiler chickens were studied.A 42-day feeding trial involving sexed 960 day old Ross-308 broilers with 48 group four replicates for 3 feed treatments in 4 rooms was carried out in a completely randomized design to evaluate the slaughter and carcass traits. Starter (23% CP and 3000 kcal ME/kg of feed), grower (21% CP and 3175kcal ME/kg of feed), and finisher diets (20 CP and 3225 kcal ME/kg of feed) were provided from 0 to 11, from 12 to 28, from 29-42 days of age as the dietary phase respectively. Diets containing either maize (M) as a control group; triticale (T) as a sole grain source and Maize+Triticale (MT) mixture were used. Triticale was provided % 50, 55 and %58 in starter, grower and finisher M and T groups’ diets in totally and MT group percentage was 25%, 27.5, and 29% in the feeding periods respectively. No enzyme added to diets phytase included. At 42 d, 6 bird (3 male and 3 female) per pen in total 288 birds were carried to Research Institute’s processing plant. The plucked, eviscerated carcasses were evaluated for carcass traits. Overall, the triticale-fed birds had lower final body weight (BW) and higher feed conversion ratio (FCR). Eviscerated carcass, thigh, drum and breast as a percentage of carcass weight were lower in T and MT groups 36 and 6% than M (control group) respectively. Abdominal fat yield in T and MT groups were also lower 9 and 38% than those of M group. Final BW, carcass weight and slaughter traits of broilers fed triticale were affected negatively within similar percentage by increasing inclusion of triticale to diets without any enzyme (phytase included)

References

  • Aksu T, Ateş CT, Erdogan Z and Baytok E. 2007. The response of broilers to dietary organic acid mixture. Indian Veterinary Journal, 84: 385- 387.
  • Anjum and Chaudhry, 2010. Using of enzymes and organic acids in broiler diets. Japan Poultry Sci.Assoc. browse/jpsa doi:10.2141/jpsa.009082
  • Azman, M. A., Başer, E., Arat, E., Tekik, H. 1997. Etlik piliç rasyonlarına tritikale (triticale) ilavesinin performans Araştırma Dergisi - Konya. Cilt:7 (1): 21-24. Hayvancılık
  • Başer, E. R. Yetişir (2007). Tritikale ve kanatlılarda kullanımı. Konya Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi.17, 1:19–24
  • Bedford, M.R. 1996. Advances in application of feed enzymes in poultry feed. Proceedings of Finnfeeds International/Pharmo Chemistry Australian Seminar, 4: 13-24.
  • Bedford, M.R., and H. Schulze, 1998. Exogenous enzymes for pigs and poultry. Nutr. Res. Rev. 11:91-114.
  • Brzoska F and Steck K. E ect of probiotic, prebiotic and ac-idifier on body weight of broiler chickens, feed conversion and carcass meat composition. Annals of Animal Science, 7: 279-288.
  • Charalambous, K., A. Koumas, and S. Economides. 1986. The effect of triticale grain on the performance of chicks from birth to nine weeks of age. Tech. Bull. Agric. Res. Inst. 79:1–7.
  • Choct, M., and G. Annison. 1990. Anti-nutritive activity of wheat pentosans in broiler diets. Br. Poult. Sci. 31:811–821.
  • Choct M. Enzymes for feed industry. Past, present and future. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 62: 5-15.
  • Gerry, R. W. 1975. Triticale in broiler rations. Feedstuffs. 47:24–25.
  • Józefiak D., Rutkowski A., Jensen B.B., Engberg R.M. (2007). Effects of dietary inclu- sion of triticale, rye and wheat and xylanase supplementation on growth performance of broiler chickens and fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 132: 79–93.
  • Hermes J.C., Johanson R.C. (2004): Effects of Feeding Varios Levels of Triticale var. Bogo in the Diet of Broiler and Layer Chickens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 13, 4 ProQuest Agriculture Journals, 667-672.
  • Kamyab A and Houshmand M. 2004. The effects of a multi-enzyme in wheat and barley based diets on broiler performance. Proceedings of 16th Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 9-11 February 2004.
  • Karaalp, M., Özsoy, M.K. 2001. Etlik piliç rasyonlarında tritikalenin kullanım olanakları. 2. Enzim ve büyütme faktörü ilavesiyle tritikalenin etlik piliçlerdeki etkileri. Tavukçuluk Araştırma Dergisi. 3 (2): 36-41.
  • Klocek B., Adamczyk M. (1994). Ocena mieszanek DKA-starter i DKA-finiszer z udziałem ku- kurydzy, pszenicy i pszenżyta. Zesz. Nauk. WSRP Siedlce, 38: 47–53.
  • Korver D.R., Zuidhof M.J., Lawes K.R. (2004): Performance Characteristics and Economic Comparison of Broiler Chickens Fed Wheat and Triticale-Based Diets. Poultry Science 83, (5), 716-725.
  • Mathlouthi, N., L. Saulnier, B. Quemener and M. Larbier. 2002. Xylanase, β-glucanase, and other side enzymatic activities have greater effects on the viscosity of several feedstuffs than xylanase and β-glucanase used alone or in combination. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50:5121–5127.
  • Pettersson, D. and P. Aman. 1988. Effects of enzyme supplementation of diets based on wheat, rye or triticale on their productive value for broiler chickens. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 20:313–324.
  • Rundgren, M. 1988. Evaluation of triticale given to pigs, poultry and rats. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 19:359–375.
  • Ruiz, N., E. Marion, R. D. Miles and R. B. Barnett. 1987. Nutritive value of new cultivars of triticale and wheat for broiler chick diets. Poult. Sci. 66:90–97.
  • Taylor-Pickard JA. 2008. Gut efficiency-The key ingredients in pig and poultry production: elevating animal production and health. C.H.I.P, Weiner, Texas, USA.
  • Van der Klis, J.D., A. Van Voorst, and C. Van Cruyningen, 1993. Effect of a soluble polysaccharides (carboxy methyle cellose) on the physicochemical condition in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. Br. Poul. Sci. 34:971-983.
  • Vieira, S. L., A. M. Penz, A. M. Kessler, and E. V. Catellan, Jr. 1995. A nutritional evaluation of triticale in broiler diets. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 4:352–355.
  • Proudfoot F.G., Hulan H.W. (1988). Nutritive value of triticale as a feed ingredient for broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 67: 1743–1749.
  • Pourreza J., Samie A.H., Rowghani E. (2007). Effect of supplemental enzyme on nutrient digestibility and performance of broiler chicks fed on diet containing triticale. Int. J. Poultry Sci., 6 (2): 115–117.
  • Santos F.B.O., Sheldon B.W., Santos A.A. Jr., Ferket P.R. (2008). Influence of housing system, grain type, and particle size on Salmonella colonization and shedding of broilers fed triticale or corn-soybean meal diets. Poultry Sci., 87: 405–420.
  • SAS Inst., 1998. SAS User’s Guide: Statistic. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  • Smith, R. L., L. S. Jensen, C. S. Hoveland and W. W. Hanna. 1989. Use of pearl millet, sorghum, and triticale grain in broiler diets. J. Prod. Agric. 2:78–82.
  • Toker, M. T. Ergene, Ş. 2004. Mısır ve buğdaya dayalı broiler rasyonlarına farklı düzeylerde fitaz enzim ilavesinin karkas ağırlığı ile performans Zootekni Bilim Kongresi, 1-3 Eylül. SDÜ- Isparta, sayfa:398-404. 4.Ulusal
  • Vieira S.L., Penz A.M. Jr., Kessler A.M., Catellan E.V. Jr. (1995). A nutritional evaluation of triticale in broiler diets. J. Appl. Poultry Res., 4: 352– 355.
  • Zarghi H., Golian A. (2009). Effect of triticale replacement and enzyme supplementation on per- formance and blood chemistry of broiler chickens. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 8 (7): 1316–1321.

Effects of Triticale Replacement without Any Enzymes on Carcass Performance of Broiler Chickens

Year 2014, Volume: 1 Issue: Özel Sayı-2, 1468 - 1474, 01.03.2014

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, mısır yerine farklı seviyelerde tritikale kullanılan yemlerde enzim kullanılmamasının etlik piliçlerin kesim ve karkas özellikleri üzerine etkisi çalışılmıştır. Deneme cinsiyet ayrımı yapılmış 960 adet günlük yaşta Ross-308 etlik civciv ile 4 odada 3 farklı yem, 4 tekerrürlü olmak üzere toplam 48 grup ile tesadüf parselleri faktöriyel deneme deseninde yürütülmüştür. Yemler başlangıç (%23 HP ve 3000 Kcal/kg ME), büyütme (%21 HP ve 3175 Kcal/kg ME) ve bitirme yemi (%20 HP ve 3225 Kcal/kg ME) olarak hazırlanmıştır. Besleme dönemleri sırasıyla 0-11., 12-28. ve 29-42. günlerde ve %100 mısır (M, kontrol), %100 tritikale (T) ve mısır+tritikale (MT) gruplarından oluşmuş ve sırasıyla dönemlere göre tritikale gruplarda toplam %50, 55 ve 58 oranlarında; MT guruplarında ise % 25, 27.5 ve 29 oranlarında tritikale-mısır karışımı kullanılmıştır. Yemlere fitaz dâhil hiçbir enzim eklenmemiştir. 42. günde her alt gruptan 3’ü erkek ve 3'ü dişi olmak üzere 6 adet piliç alınarak kesim ve karkas işlemleri için Araştırma Enstitüsü'nün kanatlı kesim tesisine taşınmıştır. Kesilip, yolunmuş karkaslar parçalanarak kesim ve karkas özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Genel olarak, %100 tritikale ile beslenen grupların kesim canlı ağırlıkları (CA) çok düşük, yem değerlendirme katsayıları (YDK) ise yüksek bulunmuştur. Karkas ağırlığı ve karkas ağırlığının yüzdesi olarak T ve MT gruplarının alt but, üst but ve göğüs eti ağırlıkları, M grubuna göre sırasıyla yaklaşık olarak %36 ve %6 oranında daha düşük bulunmuştur. T ve MT gruplarının Abdominal yağ miktarları da kontrol M grubuna göre T ve MT gruplarında sırasıyla %9 ve %38 oranında daha az bulunmuştur. Mısır yerine farklı seviyelerde fitaz dâhil enzim ilave edilmemiş tritikale ile beslenen etlik piliçlerde tritikale kullanımı arttıkça kesim canlı ağırlığı, karkas ağırlığı ve karkas parçaları benzer yüzdelik oranlarda negatif olarak etkilenmişlerdir

References

  • Aksu T, Ateş CT, Erdogan Z and Baytok E. 2007. The response of broilers to dietary organic acid mixture. Indian Veterinary Journal, 84: 385- 387.
  • Anjum and Chaudhry, 2010. Using of enzymes and organic acids in broiler diets. Japan Poultry Sci.Assoc. browse/jpsa doi:10.2141/jpsa.009082
  • Azman, M. A., Başer, E., Arat, E., Tekik, H. 1997. Etlik piliç rasyonlarına tritikale (triticale) ilavesinin performans Araştırma Dergisi - Konya. Cilt:7 (1): 21-24. Hayvancılık
  • Başer, E. R. Yetişir (2007). Tritikale ve kanatlılarda kullanımı. Konya Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi.17, 1:19–24
  • Bedford, M.R. 1996. Advances in application of feed enzymes in poultry feed. Proceedings of Finnfeeds International/Pharmo Chemistry Australian Seminar, 4: 13-24.
  • Bedford, M.R., and H. Schulze, 1998. Exogenous enzymes for pigs and poultry. Nutr. Res. Rev. 11:91-114.
  • Brzoska F and Steck K. E ect of probiotic, prebiotic and ac-idifier on body weight of broiler chickens, feed conversion and carcass meat composition. Annals of Animal Science, 7: 279-288.
  • Charalambous, K., A. Koumas, and S. Economides. 1986. The effect of triticale grain on the performance of chicks from birth to nine weeks of age. Tech. Bull. Agric. Res. Inst. 79:1–7.
  • Choct, M., and G. Annison. 1990. Anti-nutritive activity of wheat pentosans in broiler diets. Br. Poult. Sci. 31:811–821.
  • Choct M. Enzymes for feed industry. Past, present and future. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 62: 5-15.
  • Gerry, R. W. 1975. Triticale in broiler rations. Feedstuffs. 47:24–25.
  • Józefiak D., Rutkowski A., Jensen B.B., Engberg R.M. (2007). Effects of dietary inclu- sion of triticale, rye and wheat and xylanase supplementation on growth performance of broiler chickens and fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 132: 79–93.
  • Hermes J.C., Johanson R.C. (2004): Effects of Feeding Varios Levels of Triticale var. Bogo in the Diet of Broiler and Layer Chickens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 13, 4 ProQuest Agriculture Journals, 667-672.
  • Kamyab A and Houshmand M. 2004. The effects of a multi-enzyme in wheat and barley based diets on broiler performance. Proceedings of 16th Australian Poultry Science Symposium, 9-11 February 2004.
  • Karaalp, M., Özsoy, M.K. 2001. Etlik piliç rasyonlarında tritikalenin kullanım olanakları. 2. Enzim ve büyütme faktörü ilavesiyle tritikalenin etlik piliçlerdeki etkileri. Tavukçuluk Araştırma Dergisi. 3 (2): 36-41.
  • Klocek B., Adamczyk M. (1994). Ocena mieszanek DKA-starter i DKA-finiszer z udziałem ku- kurydzy, pszenicy i pszenżyta. Zesz. Nauk. WSRP Siedlce, 38: 47–53.
  • Korver D.R., Zuidhof M.J., Lawes K.R. (2004): Performance Characteristics and Economic Comparison of Broiler Chickens Fed Wheat and Triticale-Based Diets. Poultry Science 83, (5), 716-725.
  • Mathlouthi, N., L. Saulnier, B. Quemener and M. Larbier. 2002. Xylanase, β-glucanase, and other side enzymatic activities have greater effects on the viscosity of several feedstuffs than xylanase and β-glucanase used alone or in combination. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50:5121–5127.
  • Pettersson, D. and P. Aman. 1988. Effects of enzyme supplementation of diets based on wheat, rye or triticale on their productive value for broiler chickens. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 20:313–324.
  • Rundgren, M. 1988. Evaluation of triticale given to pigs, poultry and rats. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 19:359–375.
  • Ruiz, N., E. Marion, R. D. Miles and R. B. Barnett. 1987. Nutritive value of new cultivars of triticale and wheat for broiler chick diets. Poult. Sci. 66:90–97.
  • Taylor-Pickard JA. 2008. Gut efficiency-The key ingredients in pig and poultry production: elevating animal production and health. C.H.I.P, Weiner, Texas, USA.
  • Van der Klis, J.D., A. Van Voorst, and C. Van Cruyningen, 1993. Effect of a soluble polysaccharides (carboxy methyle cellose) on the physicochemical condition in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. Br. Poul. Sci. 34:971-983.
  • Vieira, S. L., A. M. Penz, A. M. Kessler, and E. V. Catellan, Jr. 1995. A nutritional evaluation of triticale in broiler diets. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 4:352–355.
  • Proudfoot F.G., Hulan H.W. (1988). Nutritive value of triticale as a feed ingredient for broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 67: 1743–1749.
  • Pourreza J., Samie A.H., Rowghani E. (2007). Effect of supplemental enzyme on nutrient digestibility and performance of broiler chicks fed on diet containing triticale. Int. J. Poultry Sci., 6 (2): 115–117.
  • Santos F.B.O., Sheldon B.W., Santos A.A. Jr., Ferket P.R. (2008). Influence of housing system, grain type, and particle size on Salmonella colonization and shedding of broilers fed triticale or corn-soybean meal diets. Poultry Sci., 87: 405–420.
  • SAS Inst., 1998. SAS User’s Guide: Statistic. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  • Smith, R. L., L. S. Jensen, C. S. Hoveland and W. W. Hanna. 1989. Use of pearl millet, sorghum, and triticale grain in broiler diets. J. Prod. Agric. 2:78–82.
  • Toker, M. T. Ergene, Ş. 2004. Mısır ve buğdaya dayalı broiler rasyonlarına farklı düzeylerde fitaz enzim ilavesinin karkas ağırlığı ile performans Zootekni Bilim Kongresi, 1-3 Eylül. SDÜ- Isparta, sayfa:398-404. 4.Ulusal
  • Vieira S.L., Penz A.M. Jr., Kessler A.M., Catellan E.V. Jr. (1995). A nutritional evaluation of triticale in broiler diets. J. Appl. Poultry Res., 4: 352– 355.
  • Zarghi H., Golian A. (2009). Effect of triticale replacement and enzyme supplementation on per- formance and blood chemistry of broiler chickens. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 8 (7): 1316–1321.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Eyup Başer This is me

Ramazan Yetişir This is me

Publication Date March 1, 2014
Submission Date January 26, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 1 Issue: Özel Sayı-2

Cite

APA Başer, E., & Yetişir, R. (2014). Effects of Triticale Replacement without Any Enzymes on Carcass Performance of Broiler Chickens. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 1(Özel Sayı-2), 1468-1474.