Studies on Different Parts of Trigonella mesopotamica Hub.-Mor. Collected From Maraş Province of Turkey: Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 556 - 562, 23.07.2023

Şerife Selma Uras Güngör , Zehra Öksüz

https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.1205253

Abstract

In this research, Trigonella mesopotamica Hub.-Pur. It was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of ethanol extracts obtained from seeds, aerial parts, and seed coat parts. In addition, the potential of the extracts to inhibit biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa and destroy preformed biofilm was determined using the crystal violet method. The extracts showed moderate to low antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria and yeasts when compared to reference antimicrobials. The extracts also showed the potential to inhibit biofilm formation and prevent preformed biofilms at different minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). It was determined that seed and aerial part extracts showed better antibiofilm activity compared to seed coat parts extract. Especially considering the data, it is interesting that aerial part extract reduces biofilm formation in sub-MIC by 50%. The findings prove that different parts of T. mesopotamica especially show antibiofilm activity. For the first time in the literature, data on the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of T. mesopotamica are presented with this study. Therefore, our study provides important preliminary data to the literature about this species.

Keywords

Trigonella mesopotamica, Antibiofilm, Antimicrobial, Ethanol extract, Fenugreek

Türkiye'nin Maraş İlinden Toplanan Trigonella mesopotamica Hub.-Mor. Türünün Farklı Kısımları Üzerine Araştırmalar: Antimikrobiyal ve Antibiyofilm Aktiviteleri

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, Trigonella mesopotamica Hub.-Mor. tohum, toprak üstü ve tohum kabuğu kısımlarından elde edilen etanol ekstrelerinin antimikrobiyal ve antibiyofilm aktivitelerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Antimikrobiyal aktivite, in vitro mikrodilüsyon yöntemi kullanılarak referans bakteri ve mantar suşları üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak, ekstrelerin P. aeruginosa'nın biyofilm oluşumunu engelleme ve önceden oluşturulmuş biyofilmi yok etme potansiyeli kristal viyole yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Ekstreler, referans antimikrobiyallerle karşılaştırıldığında test edilen bakteri ve mayalara karşı orta ila düşük antimikrobiyal aktivite göstermiştir. Ekstreler ayrıca biyofilm oluşumunu inhibe etme ve farklı minimum inhibitör konsantrasyonlarında (MIC) önceden oluşturulmuş biyofilmleri önleme potansiyeli göstermiştir. Tohum ve toprak üstü ekstrelerinin, tohum kabuğu ekstresine kıyasla daha iyi antibiyofilm aktivitesi gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Özellikle veriler göz önüne alındığında, toprak üstü ekstresinin sub-MIC'de biyofilm oluşumunu %50 oranında azaltması ilgi çekicidir. Bulgular, T. mesopotamica'nın farklı kısımlarının özellikle antibiyofilm aktivitesi gösterdiğini kanıtlamaktadır. Literatürde ilk kez bu çalışma ile T. mesopotamica'nın antimikrobiyal ve antibiyofilm aktivitesine ilişkin veriler sunulmuştur. Bu nedenle çalışmamız bu türle ilgili literatüre önemli ön veriler sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

Trigonella mesopotamica, Antibiyofilm, Antimikrobiyal, Çemenotu, Etanol ekstresi

References

• Akan, H., Ekici, M. and Aytaç, Z. 2020. The synopsis of the genus Trigonella L. (Fabaceae) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 44: 670-693. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-2004-63
• Akbaş, P., Atila, G., Uslu, H. ve Alkan, H. 2017. Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Çemen) Tohum Ekstraktının Antimikrobiyal Aktivitesinin Tayini. Caucasian Journal of Science, 4 (1): 57-61.
• Al-Timimi, L. A. N. 2019. Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities of Fenugreek Seed Extract. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 20 (12): 3771-3776. DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.12.3771
• Berlanga, M. and Guerrero, R. 2016. Living together in biofilms: the microbial cell factory and its biotechnological implications. Microbial Cell Factories, 15 (165): 1-11. DOI 10.1186/s12934-016-0569-5
• Bjarnsholt, T. 2013. The role of bacterial biofilms in chronic infections. APMIS, (Suppl., 136):1-51. doi: 10.1111/apm.12099
• Golkar, Z., Bagazra, O. and Pace, D. G. 2014. Bacteriophage therapy: a potential solution for the antibiotic resistance crisis. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 8 (2): 129–136.
• Gomes, F., Martins, N., Ferreira, I.C. and Henriques, M. 2019. Anti-biofilm activity of hydromethanolic plant extracts against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis. Heliyon, 5 (5): 1-5.
• Grant, S. S. and Hung, D. T. 2013. Persistent bacterial infections, antibiotic tolerance, and the oxidative stress response. Virulence, 4 (4): 273–283.
• Güzel Kara, S., Ülger. and Kahraman, A. 2021. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Salvia virgata mericarps. Botanica Serbica, 45 (2): 223-231. https://doi.org/10.2298/BOTSERB2102223G
• Hengzhuang, W., Wu, H., Ciofu, O, Song, Z. and Hoiby, N. 2012. In vivo pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of colistin and imipenem in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infection. Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, 56: 2683-2690. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.06486-11
• Husain, F.M., Ahmad, I., Khan, M.S. and Al-Shabib, N.A. 2015. Trigonella foenum-graecum (Seed) Extract Interferes with Quorum Sensing Regulated Traits and Biofilm Formation in the Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophila. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015 :1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/879540
• Jorgensen, J. H. and Ferraro, M. J. 1998. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: general principles and contemporary practice. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 26: 973–80. https://doi.org/10.1086/513938
• Kadaikunnan, S., Rejiniemon, T. S., Alharbi, N. S., Khaled, J. M. and Agastian, P. 2015. Identification and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds from Trigonella foenum-graecum L. and Its In-Vitro Antioxidant, Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 24: 2643-2649.
• Kumar, D., Wangkheirakpam, R. S., Rahal, A. and Malik, J. K. 2019. Fenugreek in Health and Disease. “In: Nutraceuticals in Veterinary Medicine. (eds) Gupta, R., Srivastava, A., Lall, R., Springer, Cham., 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04624-8_2
• Melandera, R. J., Basaka, A. K. and Melandera, C. 2020. Natural Products as Inspiration for the Development of Bacterial Antibiofilm Agents. Natural Product Reports, 37 (11): 1454–1477. doi:10.1039/d0np00022a.
• Morrison, L. and Zembower, T. R. 2020. Antimicrobial Resistance. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America, 30 (4): 619-635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giec.2020.06.004
• Nagulapalli Venkata, K.C., Swaroop, A., Bagchi, D. and Bishayee, A. 2017. A small plant with big benefits: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.) for disease prevention andhealth promotion. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 61 (6): 1-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201600950
• O’Toole, G. A. 2011. Microtiter dish biofilm formation assay. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 47: 1-2. https://doi.org/10.3791/2437
• Singh, N., Yadav, S.S., Kumar, S. and Narashiman, B. 2022. Ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and clinical studies on Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Food Bioscience, 46: 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101546
• Spellberg, B. and Gilbert, D. N. 2014. The future of antibiotics and resistance: a tribute to a career of leadership by John Bartlett. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 59 (2): S71–S75.
• Uras Güngör, Ş. S., İlçim, A. And Kökdil, G. 2017. A Comparison of Diosgenin, Phenolics, Fatty Acid Profiles and Mineral Contents with Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Trigonella L. Species from Section Cylindricae. Records of Natural Products, 11 (1): 17-30.
• Uras Güngör, Ş. S. ve Öksüz, Z. 2022. Trigonella cylindracea Desv.’nin Farklı Kısımları Üzerine İn Vitro Çalışmalar: Antimikrobiyal ve Antibiyofilm Aktiviteleri. Icontech International Journal of Surveys, Engineering, Technology, 6 (3): 59-67.
• Woods, G.L. and Washington, J.A. 1995. Antibacterial susceptibility tests: dilution and disk diffusion methods. “In: Manual of clinical microbiology. (eds) Murray, P. R., Baron, E. J., Pfaller, M. A., Tenover, F. C., Yolken, R. H., American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 6th ed, 1327-1341.
• Yakout, S. M., Abd-Alrahman, S. H., Salem-Bekhit, M. M. and Mostafa, A. 2013. Chemical Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) Seeds. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 7 (2): 1373-1378.
• Zameer, S., Najmi, A. K., Vohora, D. and Akhtar, M. 2018. A review on therapeutic potentials of Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) and its chemical constituents in neurological disorders: Complementary roles to its hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, and antioxidant potential. Nutritional Neuroscience, 21 (8): 539-545. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2017.1327200
• Zhong, H., Xie, Z., Wei, H., Zhang, S., Song, Y., Wang, M. and Zhang, Y. 2019. Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Temporin-GHc and Temporin-GHd Against Cariogenic Bacteria, Streptococcus mutans. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02854