ROLE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY AND REHABILITATION IN ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES

Öz

Cancer is defined as an abnormal tissue mass characterized by the uncontrolled growth, proliferation and spread of cells. Both the prevalence of the main risk factors for cancer and the aging of the population, together with early diagnosis and current treatment techniques, cause the prevalence of cancer to increase gradually. If necessary precautions are not taken, it is predicted that the incidence of cancer will increase approximately twice in 20 years. This patient population suffers from many symptoms such as pain, fatigue, constipation/diarrhea, insomnia, cognitive impairment, anxiety and depression. Oncological rehabilitation is the practice to reduce symptoms, increase independence and improve quality of life in cancer patients. Physiotherapy and rehabilitation, which has an important place among the oncological rehabilitation programs applied for the management of symptoms in cancer patients, is an important support program that aims to address the physical, functional and psychosocial problems caused by cancer treatment and its side effects. Rehabilitation protocols designed individually to improve the quality of life of patients in which physiotherapists play an active role, to facilitate their return to their daily activities and to help them regain their independence, will enable us to achieve more successful results during the disease and survival periods. This review highlights the importance of physiotherapy and rehabilitation in cancer patients and summarizes the benefits it provides.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cancer
• physiotherapy
• rehabilitation
• oncological rehabilitation

Onkolojik Hastalıklarda Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyonun Yeri

Öz

Kanser, hücrelerin kontrolsüz bir şekilde büyümesi, çoğalması ve yayılmasıyla karakterize anormal doku kitlesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Hem kanser için ana risk faktörlerinin yaygınlığı hem de erken tanı ve güncel tedavi teknikleri ile birlikte nüfusun yaşlanması kanser prevalansının giderek artmasına neden olmaktadır. Gerekli önlemler alınmadığı taktirde 20 yıl içinde kanser görülme sıklığının yaklaşık iki kat artacağı öngörülmektedir. Bu hasta popülasyonu ağrı, yorgunluk, kabızlık/ishal, uykusuzluk, kognitif bozukluk, anksiyete ve depresyon gibi birçok semptomdan muzdariptir. Onkolojik rehabilitasyon, kanser hastalarında semptomları azaltmak, bağımsızlık düzeyini arttırmak ve yaşam kalitesini iyileştirmek için yapılan uygulamalardır. Kanser hastalarında semptomların yönetimi amacıyla uygulanan onkolojik rehabilitasyon programları içerisinde önemli bir yere sahip olan fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon, kanser tedavisinin ve yan etkilerinin neden olduğu fiziksel, işlevsel ve psikososyal sorunları ele almayı hedefleyen önemli bir destek programıdır. Fizyoterapistlerin etkin rol aldığı hastaların yaşam kalitesini iyileştirmek, günlük aktivitelerine dönüşlerini kolaylaştırmak ve bağımsızlıklarını yeniden kazanmalarına yardımcı olmak için kişiye özgü tasarlanan rehabilitasyon protokolleri, hastalık ve sağkalım dönemlerinde daha başarılı sonuçlara ulaşmamızı sağlayacaktır. Bu derleme kanser hastalarında fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyonun önemini vurgulamakta ve sağladığı faydaları özetlemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kanser
• fizyoterapi
• rehabilitasyon
• onkolojik rehabilitasyon

Kaynakça

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