Fiziksel Aktivite ile Bağırsak Mikrobiyota Bileşimindeki Değişiklikler Arasındaki İlişki

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 1 - 14, 13.10.2023

Efdal Oktay Gultekin , Onur Gültekin , Arzu Coşkun

Öz

Amaç: Bağırsak mikrobiyotası, sindirim sisteminde simbiyotik olarak yaşayan bakteriler, mantarlar, arkealer, protistler, helmintler ve virüslerden oluşur. Bugüne kadar araştırmalar, aktif bir yaşam tarzı ile insan mikrobiyotasının sağlıklı bir bileşimi arasındaki olası ilişki hakkında sınırlı veri sağlamıştır. Bu derleme, farklı fiziksel aktivite miktarlarına sahip sağlıklı bireylerin mikrobiyomlarını karşılaştıran insan çalışmalarının sonuçlarını özetlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Yöntem: Ağustos–Ekim 2020 arasında NIH/PubMed ve Academic Search Complete'i aradık. Dahil etme kriterleri şunları içermiştir: (a) farklı fiziksel aktivite seviyelerine sahip denekler arasında bağırsak mikrobiyomunu karşılaştırmaya odaklanan kesitsel çalışmalar; (b) herhangi bir tür egzersiz uyarısına insan bağırsağı mikrobiyomu tepkilerini tanımlayan çalışmalar; (c) sağlıklı yetişkin kadın ve erkekleri içeren çalışmalar. Diyet değişiklikleri, probiyotik veya prebiyotik tüketimi içeren çalışmaları ve diyabet, hipertansiyon, kanser, hormonal işlev bozukluğuna odaklanan çalışmaları hariç tutulmuştur. Sonuçlar: Toplam 17 makale dahil edilmeye uygun bulundu: on enine kesit ve yedi boylamsal çalışma. Ana sonuçlar, boylamsal çalışmalarda fiziksel aktivite miktarlarına göre önemli ölçüde değişmektedir. Aktif insanlarda çeşitlilik indekslerinde ve belirli bakterilerin göreceli bolluğunda ayrık değişiklikler belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; bu alandaki literatür hızla çoğaldığı için, uyku ve beslenme düzenleri gibi aktif yaşam tarzlarıyla ilgili diğer yönleri değerlendirmek için çeşitli yöntemleri içeren çalışmalar önemlidir. Virüsler, arkealer ve parazitler gibi diğer grupların araştırılması, bağırsak mikrobiyotasının fiziksel aktivite ve spora adaptasyonunun ve bunun konak metabolizması ve dayanıklılığı üzerindeki potansiyel olarak faydalı etkilerinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına yol açabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikrobiyota, fiziksel aktivite, Spor, sağlıklı yaşam

The Connection Between Differences in Gut Microbiota Composition And Physical Activity

Öz

Aim: The gut microbiota is made up of a variety of symbiotic organisms that live in the digestive tract, including bacteria, fungus, archaea, protists, helminths, and viruses. There isn't much information available on the potential link between an active lifestyle and a healthy microbiome composition. In this study, the findings of human research comparing the microbiomes of healthy adults who engaged in various levels of physical exercise were summarized. Methods: Between August and October 2020, we conducted searches on NIH/PubMed and Academic Search Complete. The following were considered as inclusion criteria: (a) cross-sectional studies comparing the gut microbiomes of participants who engaged in varying levels of physical activity; (b) studies characterizing the reactions of the human gut microbiome to various exercise stimuli; and (c) studies including healthy adult men and women. Studies addressing dietary modifications, probiotic or prebiotic use, and research on diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and hormone disruption were all eliminated. Results: Ten cross-sectional studies and seven longitudinal studies, totaling 17 papers, met the inclusion criteria. According to the levels of physical activity in the longitudinal investigations, the major outcomes varied significantly. The relative abundance of several bacteria and discrete changes in diversity indices were seen in individuals who were physically active. In light of the expanding body of research in this area, it is crucial to conduct studies using a variety of techniques to evaluate other facets of active lifestyles, such as eating and sleeping habits. Understanding how the gut microbiota adapts to physical activity and sport, as well as any potential positive effects on human metabolism and endurance, may be improved by looking at additional groups such as viruses, archaea, and parasites.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Microbiota, physical activity, sport, healthy life.

Kaynakça

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