Nutritional Problems and Medical Nutrition Treatment in Patients with Cerebral Palsy

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 65 - 73, 28.04.2025

Merve Çağlan , Ayşe Hümeyra İslamoğlu

https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.1574177

Öz

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a chronic condition characterized by brain damage that can occur due to various factors before, during, and after birth. This disease leads to various difficulties in areas such as muscle coordination, movement control, and sensory information processing in individuals. Nutritional problems are frequently seen in CP. As a result of oromotor dysfunctions, inadequate nutrient intake, and changes in metabolic needs, malnutrition, gastroesophageal reflux, constipation, and macro/micronutrient deficiencies can occur. Determining the nutritional needs of CP patients, conducting detailed assessments, and implementing individualized interventions for these issues are crucial. Energy requirements vary depending on factors such as the severity of the disease. These assessments are made using various calculations and methods, and accurately estimating and managing the energy needs of individuals with CP is of great importance. In addition to protein and other macronutrients, addressing fluid needs and micronutrient deficiencies is also critical for this population. To meet the nutritional and fluid needs in CP, various methods such as tube feeding, as well as the necessity of multidisciplinary approaches in managing nutritional problems, should be emphasized. This article aims to provide a review of the nutritional problems and medical nutrition therapy in CP.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cerebral palsy , Food , Malnutrition , Medical nutrition therapy , Nutritional requirements

Serebral Palsili Hastalarda Beslenme Sorunları ve Tıbbi Beslenme Tedavisi

Öz

Serebral palsi (SP), doğum öncesi, sırası ve sonrasında oluşabilecek çeşitli faktörler sonucunda beyinde meydana gelen hasar ile karakterize, ömür boyu süren bir hastalıktır. Bu hastalık, bireylerde kas koordinasyonu, hareket kontrolü ve duyusal bilgileri işleme gibi alanlarda çeşitli zorluklara yol açmaktadır. Beslenme sorunları SP’de sıklıkla görülmektedir. Oromotor disfonksiyonlar, yetersiz besin alımı ve metabolik ihtiyaçlardaki değişiklikler sonucunda malnütrisyon, gastroözofageal reflü, konstipasyon ve makro/mikro besin eksiklikleri oluşabilmektedir. SP’li hastalarda beslenme gereksinimlerinin belirlenmesi, detaylı değerlendirmelerin yapılması ve sorunlara yönelik bireysel müdahaleler çok önemlidir. Enerji gereksinimi, hastalığın şiddeti gibi pek çok faktöre bağlı olarak değişkenlik göstermektedir. Bu değerlendirmeler, çeşitli hesaplamalar ve yöntemler kullanılarak yapılmakta, SP’li bireyler için enerji ve besin ögesi gereksinimlerinin doğru bir şekilde tahmin edilmesi ve yönetilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Protein ve diğer makro besinlerin yanı sıra, sıvı ihtiyacı ve besin eksikliklerinin giderilmesi de bu popülasyon için kritik öneme sahiptir. SP’de beslenme ve sıvı ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için tüple beslenme gibi çeşitli yöntemlerin yanı sıra beslenme sorunlarının yönetiminde multidisipliner yaklaşımların gerekliliğine değinmek yerinde olacaktır. Bu yazıda SP hastalığında beslenme sorunları ve tıbbi beslenme tedavisi hakkındaki bilgilerin bir derlemesi sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Besin , Beslenmeye ilişkin ihtiyaçlar , Malnütrisyon , Serebral palsi , Tıbbi beslenme tedavisi

Kaynakça

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