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Use of Threshold-Equalizing Noise (TEN) Test in Detecting Cochlear Dead Region

Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3 28 Aralık 2025
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Use of Threshold-Equalizing Noise (TEN) Test in Detecting Cochlear Dead Region

Öz

Cochlear dead regions (DR) are defined as areas where inner hair cells and/or spiral ganglion neurons are nonfunctional, resulting in the failure of acoustic signals to be transmitted to the central nervous system. Acoustic signals corresponding to the frequencies within these regions, when presented at sufficiently high intensities, may be detected by adjacent healthy regions; however, this phenomenon negatively affects frequency resolution and neural encoding. Clinical indicators such as profound sensorineural hearing loss, steeply sloping audiometric configurations, and difficulties in speech discrimination suggest the presence of cochlear dead regions. In recent years, the Threshold-Equalizing Noise (TEN) test has been increasingly utilized for the detection of cochlear dead regions. In this review, studies published between 2020 and 2025 in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were analyzed using the keyword "threshold-equalizing noise." Accordingly, our review highlights the role of the TEN test in the assessment of cochlear dead regions. The literature reports that the TEN test threshold is independent of both stimulus intensity and frequency; it may be used to determine the prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss; it should be employed in the identification of cochlear DR in individuals with tinnitus, although it may be insufficient in some cases; TEN test reflects not only inner hair cell dysfunction but also outer hair cell dysfunction; it has limitations in detecting cochlear dead regions during the early stages of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection; and that acoustic change complexes should be used to establish normative data in populations where the test has not been applied. It has also been reported that the predictive power of the TEN test can be enhanced by integrating it with artificial intelligence. Due to limited studies on the TEN test for identifying cochlear DR, further research is recommended to expand its clinical use.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Auditory threshold, Cochlear, Noise

Kaynakça

  1. 1.Chang YS, Park HS, Moon IJ. Predicting the Cochlear Dead Regions Using a Machine Learning-Based Approach with Oversampling Techniques. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021; 57(11): 1192.
  2. 2.Padilha C, Garcia MV, Costa MJ. Diagnosing cochlear "dead" regions and its importance in the auditory rehabilitation process. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2007; 73(4): 556-561.
  3. 3.Moore BC. Testing for cochlear dead regions: audiometer implementation of the TEN (HL) test. Can Audiol. 2010; 7(4).
  4. 4.Summers V, Molis MR, Müsch H, Walden BE, Surr RK, Cord MT. Identifying dead regions in the cochlea: psychophysical tuning curves and tone detection in threshold-equalizing noise. Ear Hear. 2003; 24(2): 133-142.
  5. 5.Sek A, Moore BC. Implementation of a fast method for measuring psychophysical tuning curves. Int J Audiol. 2011; 50(4): 237-242.
  6. 6.Warnaar B, Dreschler WA. Agreement between psychophysical tuning curves and the threshold equalizing noise test in dead region identification. Int J Audiol. 2012; 51(6): 456-464.
  7. 7.Moore BC, Huss M, Vickers DA, Glasberg BR, Alcántara JI. A test for the diagnosis of dead regions in the cochlea. Br J Audiol. 2000; 34(4): 205-224.
  8. 8.Moore BC, Glasberg BR, Stone MA. New version of the TEN test with calibrations in dB HL. Ear Hear. 2004; 25(5): 478-487.
  9. 9.Pepler A, Munro KJ, Lewis K, Kluk K. Repeatability, agreement, and feasibility of using the threshold equalizing noise test and fast psychophysical tuning curves in a clinical setting. Int J Audiol. 2014; 53(10): 745-752.
  10. 10.Gelfand SA.Essentials of audiology. New York:Thieme; 2016. pp. 289-290.

Kaynak Göster

APA
Pınar, M., Kale Peşan, Ö., & Öz, I. (2025). Use of Threshold-Equalizing Noise (TEN) Test in Detecting Cochlear Dead Region. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(3), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.1782722
AMA
1.Pınar M, Kale Peşan Ö, Öz I. Use of Threshold-Equalizing Noise (TEN) Test in Detecting Cochlear Dead Region. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2025;8(3):51-59. doi:10.51536/tusbad.1782722
Chicago
Pınar, Muhammed, Özge Kale Peşan, ve Işılay Öz. 2025. “Use of Threshold-Equalizing Noise (TEN) Test in Detecting Cochlear Dead Region”. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 8 (3): 51-59. https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.1782722.
EndNote
Pınar M, Kale Peşan Ö, Öz I (01 Aralık 2025) Use of Threshold-Equalizing Noise (TEN) Test in Detecting Cochlear Dead Region. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 8 3 51–59.
IEEE
[1]M. Pınar, Ö. Kale Peşan, ve I. Öz, “Use of Threshold-Equalizing Noise (TEN) Test in Detecting Cochlear Dead Region”, Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 8, sy 3, ss. 51–59, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.51536/tusbad.1782722.
ISNAD
Pınar, Muhammed - Kale Peşan, Özge - Öz, Işılay. “Use of Threshold-Equalizing Noise (TEN) Test in Detecting Cochlear Dead Region”. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 8/3 (01 Aralık 2025): 51-59. https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.1782722.
JAMA
1.Pınar M, Kale Peşan Ö, Öz I. Use of Threshold-Equalizing Noise (TEN) Test in Detecting Cochlear Dead Region. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2025;8:51–59.
MLA
Pınar, Muhammed, vd. “Use of Threshold-Equalizing Noise (TEN) Test in Detecting Cochlear Dead Region”. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 8, sy 3, Aralık 2025, ss. 51-59, doi:10.51536/tusbad.1782722.
Vancouver
1.Muhammed Pınar, Özge Kale Peşan, Işılay Öz. Use of Threshold-Equalizing Noise (TEN) Test in Detecting Cochlear Dead Region. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 01 Aralık 2025;8(3):51-9. doi:10.51536/tusbad.1782722