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Sağlik İnanç Modeli Örneği: Tütün Bağımlısı Gebe

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 38 - 46, 16.07.2019

Öz

Amaç: Sağlık İnanç Modeli (SİM), sağlığı koruyan ve geliştiren davranışların yanısıra pekçok sağlık probleminde hastanın tedaviye uyumunu,
neyin motive ettiğini ya da engellediğini açıklamada ve ölçmede etkin bir modeldir. Modelde, sorun olarak görülen inanç ve tutumlar saptanırsa
verilecek sağlık eğitimi ya da uygulanacak tedavi yöntemleri o kişiye daha uygun olarak belirlenebilecektir. Bu çalışma, tütün bağımlısı olan bir
gebenin modele göre eğitimine yön vermek ve hemşirelik uygulamalarında model kullanımının yaygınlaştırılmasını sağlamak amacıyla
yapılmıştır.



Yöntem: Bu makalede gebelik sürecinde tütün kullanan bir gebe SİM’e göre değerlendirilmiştir.


Bulgular: Otuz iki yaşında, ilkokul mezunu, ev hanımı olan hastamız eşi ve çocukları ile şehir merkezinde yaşadığını belirtmiştir. Beşinci
gebeliğinin olduğunu, dört vajinal doğum yaptığını ve dört yaşayan çocuğunun (G:4, P:4, Y:4) olduğunu ifade etmiştir. 38 haftalık gebe olan
hastamız doğum oral kontraseptif kullanırken gebe kaldığını ancak bebeğini istediğini söylemiştir. Hastamız 21.30’da fetüs hareketlerini
hissedememesi nedeniyle hastanenin acil servisine başvurmuş ve burada muayenesi yapılmıştır. Ultrasonografi, Nonstres Test (NST) ve vajinal
muayene sonrasında "Fetal Hareketlerde Azalma" tanısı koyulmuştur ve saat 22.10’da doğum servisine yatışı yapılmıştır. Ancak, NST
sonucunda fetal kalp atımları normal aralıkta olup, kontraksiyon izlenmemiştir. Tıbbi öyküsünde günde ortalama 4-5 adet sigara kullandığını
belirtmiştir ve tanısı ‘‘Tütün Bağımlısı Gebe” olarak değiştirilmiştir.


Sonuç: SİM sağlıkla ilgili davranışların değişiminde ve sürdürülmesinde yol gösterici olarak kullanılan en yaygın modellerden biridir. Sigara
içme gibi sağlıkla ilgili olumsuz davranışları önlemek ve değiştirmek amacıyla sağlık eğitimi alanında da kullanılması önem taşımaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Kaynakça1. Champion VL. Instrument development for health belief model constructs. Advances in Nursing Science; 1984;6(3): 73-85.
  • 2. Lambert CLC, Azuero A, Enah CC, McMillan SC. A psychometric examination of an instrument to measure the dimensions of Champion's Health Belief Model Scales for cervical cancer screening in women living with HIV. Applied Nursing Research, 2017; 33, 78-84.
  • 3. Mirzaei H, Shojaeizadeh D, Tol A, Shirzad M. Application of Health Belief Model (HBM) to promote preventive behaviors against iron-deficiency anemia among female students of High School Fereydan City: A quasi-experimental study. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion, 2017; 5(4): 260-269.
  • 4. Ghaderi N, Ahmadpour M, Saniee N, Karimi F, Ghaderi C, Mirzaei H. Effect of education based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on anemia preventive behaviors among iranian girl students. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2017; 5(6): 5043-5052.
  • 5. Khani Jeihooni A, Arameshfard S, Hatami M, Mansourian M, Kashfi SH, Rastegarimehr B, et al. The Effect of educational program based on Health Belief Model about HIV/AIDS among high school students. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2018; 6(3): 7285-7296.
  • 6. Öz F. Sağlık Alanında Temel Kavramlar [Basic concepts in health]. İmaj iç ve Dış Ticaret A.Ş, Ankara: 2004. p. 1-16.
  • 7. Champion VL. Instrument refinement for breast cancer screening behaviors. Nurs Res. 1993; 42(3): 139-143.
  • 8. Poss JE. Developing a new model for cross-cultural research: synthesizing The Health Belief Model and the theory of reasoned action. Adv Nurs Sci. 2001; 23(4):1-15.
  • 9. Smith PJ, Humiston SG, Marcuse EK, Zhao Z, Dorell CG, Howes C, et al. Parental delay or refusal of vaccine doses, childhood vaccination coverage at 24 months of age, and the Health Belief Model. Public Health Reports, 2011; 126(2): 135-146.
  • 10. Petro-Nustus W, Mikhail B. Factors associated with breast self examination among Jordanian women. Public Health Nursing; 2002; 19(4): 263-271.
  • 11. Çimen M, Akbolat M, Çiftçi F, Işık O, Şahin B. Astım Hastalarının Sağlık İnanç Modeline Dayalı Algı ve Tutumları ile Tedavi Başarısına Yönelik Düşüncelerinin Belirlenmesi. [A group of asthma patients' treatment related thoughts based on Health Belief Model and perception of medication success]. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 2012; 11(1): 87-96.
  • 12. Nahcivan ÖN, Seçginli S. Meme Kanserinde Erken Tanıya Yönelik Tutum ve Davranışlar; Bir Rehber Olarak Sağlık İnanç Modelinin Kullanımı. [Attitudes and behaviors toward breast cancer early detection: Using the health belief model as a guide]. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi [Journal of Cumhuriyet University School of Nursing], 2003; 7(1): 33- 37.
  • 13. Gözüm S, Karayurt Ö, Aydın İ. Meme Kanseri Taramalarında Champion’un Sağlık Inanç Modeli Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlamalarına Ilişkin Sonuçlar [The results of Turkish adaptations of Champion’s Health Belief Model scale at breast cancer screening]. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi, 2004; 1(2): 71-85.
  • 14. Kılıç D, Erici B. Osteoporoz Sağlık İnanç Ölçeği, Osteoporoz Öz Etkililik/Yeterlilik Ölçeği ve Osteoporoz Bilgi Testi'nin Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği [The Relıabılıty And Valıdıty Of The Osteoporosıs Health Belief Scale, Osteoporosıs Self-Effıcacy Scale And Osteoporosıs Knowledge Test]. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, [Journal of Atatürk University School of Nursing], 2004; 7(2): 89-102.
  • 15. Kim A, Horan C, Gendler B. Development and evaluation of the osteoporosis Health Belief Scale. Research in Nursing Health, 1991; 14(2): 155-163.
  • 16. Bal MD. Kadınların Pap Smear Testi Yaptırma Durumlarının Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği Ile Değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of women having pap smear test by Health Belief Model Scale]. MÜSBED, 2014; 4(3): 133-138.
  • 17. Olgun N, Altun ZA. Sağlık İnanç Modeli Doğrultusunda Verilen Eğitimin Diyabet Hastalarının Bakım Uygulamalarına Etkisi [Effects of education based on Health Belief Model on nursing implication in patients with diabetes]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, [Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Journal], 2012; 19(2): 46-57.
  • 18. Rosenstock LM. Historical origins of the Health Belief Model. Health Education Monographs, 1974; 2(4): 328-335.
  • 19. Janz NK, Champion VL, Strecher VJ. The Health Belief Model. Eds: Glanz K, Rimer BK, Lewis FM. Health Behavior and Health Education. 3rd edition. San Fransisco: Jossey- Boss; 2002. p. 45-66.
  • 20. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG committee opinion. Number 316, October 2005. Smoking cessation during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol, 2005; 106 (4): 883-888.
  • 21. Meier SM, Plessen KJ, Verhulst F, Mors O, Mortensen PB, Pedersen CB, et al. Familial confounding of the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and internalizing disorders in offspring. Psychological Medicine, 2017; 47(8): 1417-1426.
  • 22. Quinn PD, Rickert ME, Weibull CE, Johansson AL, Lichtenstein P, Almqvist C, et al. Association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and severe mental illness in offspring. JAMA Psychiatry, 2017; 74(6): 589-596.
  • 23. Joubert BR, Håberg SE, Nilsen RM, Wang X, Vollset SE, Murphy SK, et al. 450K epigenome-wide scan identifies differential DNA methylation in newborns related to maternal smoking during pregnancy. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2012; 120(10): 1425.
  • 24. Obel C, Zhu JL, Olsen J, Breining S, Li J, Grønborg TK, et al. The risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy–a re‐examination using a sibling design. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2016; 57(4): 532-537.
  • 25. Markunas CA, Xu Z, Harlid S, Wade PA, Lie RT, Taylor JA, et al. Identification of DNA methylation changes in newborns related to maternal smoking during pregnancy. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2014; 122(10): 1147.
  • 26. Banderali G, Martelli A, Landi M, Moretti F, Betti F, Radaelli G, et al. Short and long term health effects of parental tobacco smoking during pregnancy and lactation: a descriptive review. Journal of Translational Medicine, 2015; 13(1): 327.
  • 27. Keskinoğlu P, Aksakoğlu G. Pasif sigara içiciliğinin çocuklarda solunum sistemi üzerindeki etkileri Çağrılı Editör. Türk Pediatri Arşivi, 2007; 42(4).
  • 28. Erçin T, Mendeş B, Özdal M. Comparison of respiratory parameters of children with smoking and non-smoking parents. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 2017; 3(8): 82-93.
  • 29. Ekblad M, Korkeila J, Lehtonen L. Smoking during pregnancy affects foetal brain development. Acta Paediatrica, 2015; 104(1): 12-18.
  • 30. Badon SE, Miller RS, Qiu C, Sorensen TK, Williams MA, Enquobahrie DA. Maternal healthy lifestyle during early pregnancy and offspring birthweight: differences by offspring sex. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 2018; 31(9): 1111-1117.
  • 31. World Health Organization. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data, Prevalence of tobacco smoking. (Erişim Tarihi: 18 nisan 2018) Erişim adresi: http://www.who.int/gho/tobacco/use/en/
  • 32. World Health Organization .Tobacco Free Initiative (TFI), WHO global report on trends in tobacco smoking 2000-2025 (Erişim Tarihi: 18 Nisan 2018). Erişim adresi http://www.who.int/tobacco/publications/surveillance/reportontrendstobaccosmoking/en/
  • 33. Türkiye Halk Sağliği Kurumu, Küresel Yetişkin Tütün Araştirmasi Türkiye 2012. (Erişim Tarihi: 18 Nisan 2018). Erişim adresi http://www.halksagligiens.hacettepe.edu.tr/KYTA_TR.pdf
  • 34. Ukawa S, Tamakoshi A, Yatsuya H, Yamagishi K, Ando M, Iso H, et al. Passive smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality: findings from the Japan collaborative cohort study. International Journal of Public Health, 2017; 62(4): 489-494.
  • 35. World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. (Erişim Tarihi: 18 Nisan 2018). Erişim adresi http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/250796/9789241549912-eng.pdf;jsessionid=8BB01387C1D8141CB2C9753C0182FAD8?sequence=1
  • 36. American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Guidelines for Perinatal Care, Seventh Edition October 2012. (Erişim Tarihi: 18 Nisan 2018). Erişim adresi: https://www.acog.org/Search?Keyword=prenatal+carehttps://tr.scribd.com/document/304489281/ACOG-Perinatal-Care-Guideline-Summary-7th-Edition.
  • 37. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Antenatal care for uncomplicated Antenatal care for uncomplicated pregnancies pregnancies. (Erişim Tarihi: 18 Nisan 2018). Erişim adresi: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg62/resources/antenatal-care-for-uncomplicated-pregnancies-pdf-975564597445
  • 38. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Standards of Maternıty Care ınaustralıa and new Zealand. (Erişim Tarihi: 18 Nisan 2018). Erişim adresi: https://www.ranzcog.edu.au/RANZCOG_SITE/media/RANZCOG-MEDIA/About/Maternity-Care-in-Australia-Web.pdf
  • 39. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı. Doğum ve Sezaryen Eylemi Yönetim Rehberi, 2014. (Erişim Tarihi: 18 Nisan 2018). Erişim adresi :https://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/dogumonubakim.pdf
  • 40. McEvoy CT, Spindel ER. Pulmonary effects of maternal smoking on the fetus and child: effects on lung development, respiratory morbidities, and life long lung health. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 2017; 21: 27-33.
  • 41. Ko TJ, Tsai LY, Chu LC, Yeh SJ, Leung C, Chen CY, et al. Parental smoking during pregnancy and its association with low birth weight, small for gestational age, and preterm birth offspring: a birth cohort study. Pediatrics & Neonatology, 2014; 55(1): 20-27.
  • 42. Resmî Gazete. Tütün Mamullerinin Zararlarinin Önlenmesine Dair Kanundadeğişiklik Yapilmasi Hakkinda Kanun. (Erişim Tarihi: 18 Nisan 2018). Erişim adresi:http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2008/01/20080119-1.htm
  • 43. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı. Sigara bırakma danışma hattı ALO 171 (Erişim Tarihi: 18 Nisan 2018. Erişim adresi:https://alo171.saglik.gov.tr/?/default#support
  • 44. Champion VL, Skinner CS. The Health Belief Model. Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K, editörs. Health Behavior and Health Education: theory, research, and practice. 4nd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2008. p. 45-62.
  • 45. Kılınç E, Gür K. Okul yaralanmalarını önlemede sağlık inanç modeli temelli girişimlerin etkisi [The Effect of Health Belief Model Based Initiatives in Preventing School Injuries ]. Journal of Health Science and Profession, 2018;5 (3):467-475.
  • 46. Gottwald M, Goodman- Brown J. Health Belief Model. A Guide To Practical Health Promotion. 1nd ed. England, McGraw-Hill Educatio; 2012. p. 73-78.
  • 47. Mohammadi S, Ghajari H, Valizade R, Ghaderi N, Yousefi F, Taymoori P, et al. Predictors of smoking among the secondary high school boy students based on the Health Belief Model. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2017; 8(1): 24.
  • 48. Hayden J. Health belief model. Introduction to Health Behavior Theory. 2nd Ed. Canada: Jones and Barlett Publishers; 2014. p. 63-107.
  • 49. Shahnazi H, Sharifirad G, Reisi M, Javadzade H, Rajati F, Charkazi A, et al. Factors associated with cigarette smoking based on constructs of health belief model in pre-university students in 2011 in Isfahan, Iran. Health System Research. 2013; 9:378–384.
  • 50. Li K, Kay NS. Correlates of cigarette smoking among male Chinese college students in China – A preliminary study. Int Electron J Health Educ. 2009; 12: 59–71.
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  • 54. Bandura, A. Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 1993; 28(2): 117-148.
  • 55. Moeini B, Poorolajal J, Gharghani ZG. Prevalence of cigarette smoking and associated risk factors among adolescents in Hamadan city, West of Iran in 2010. J Res Health Sci, 2012; 12: 31–37.

An Example of Health Belief Model: Tobacco Addiction in Pregnant Woman

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 38 - 46, 16.07.2019

Öz

Aim: Health Belief Model (HBM) is quite effective in terms of explaining the attitudes that preserve and develop health in addition to what
motivates or prevents patients' compliance to treatment in many health issues. If we can identify the beliefs and attitudes that are seen as
problems based on the model, it should enable us to provide health education or treatment methods which suit that individual. This study is
conducted with the aim of guiding a tobacco addict pregnant woman’s education about this subject and facilitation of generalizing the usage of
the model in nursing care applications.


Method: In this study, a pregnant woman who is smoking during her pregnancy period is assessed in accordance to HBM.

Results:Our patient, a thirty-two years old, primary school graduate housewife stated that she is living in the city center with her husband and
children. She stated that this is her fifth pregnancy and added that she had four vaginal deliveries and four living children (G:4, P:4, Y:4). Our
patient, who was 38 weeks pregnant, said that she became pregnant when she was taking the oral contraceptive pill, but wanted to have her baby.
Our patient was admitted to the emergency department of the hospital at 21.30 because she did not feel the movements of the baby and she was
examined here. Ultrasonography, Nonstress Test (NST) and vaginal examination diagnosed the situation as decreased fetal movement and she
was hospitalized in the birth service at 22.10. However, in her NST results, it is seen that fetal heart rate is in normal intervals and no
contractions are observed. In her medical history, she stated that she smoked 4-5 cigarettes per day on average and the diagnosis of our patient
was changed to Tobacco Dependent Pregnancy.


Conclusions: HBM is one of the most common models used as a guide in changing and maintaining health-related behaviors. For preventing
and changing the health-related negative behaviors such as smoking, its utilization carries importance

Kaynakça

  • Kaynakça1. Champion VL. Instrument development for health belief model constructs. Advances in Nursing Science; 1984;6(3): 73-85.
  • 2. Lambert CLC, Azuero A, Enah CC, McMillan SC. A psychometric examination of an instrument to measure the dimensions of Champion's Health Belief Model Scales for cervical cancer screening in women living with HIV. Applied Nursing Research, 2017; 33, 78-84.
  • 3. Mirzaei H, Shojaeizadeh D, Tol A, Shirzad M. Application of Health Belief Model (HBM) to promote preventive behaviors against iron-deficiency anemia among female students of High School Fereydan City: A quasi-experimental study. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion, 2017; 5(4): 260-269.
  • 4. Ghaderi N, Ahmadpour M, Saniee N, Karimi F, Ghaderi C, Mirzaei H. Effect of education based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on anemia preventive behaviors among iranian girl students. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2017; 5(6): 5043-5052.
  • 5. Khani Jeihooni A, Arameshfard S, Hatami M, Mansourian M, Kashfi SH, Rastegarimehr B, et al. The Effect of educational program based on Health Belief Model about HIV/AIDS among high school students. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2018; 6(3): 7285-7296.
  • 6. Öz F. Sağlık Alanında Temel Kavramlar [Basic concepts in health]. İmaj iç ve Dış Ticaret A.Ş, Ankara: 2004. p. 1-16.
  • 7. Champion VL. Instrument refinement for breast cancer screening behaviors. Nurs Res. 1993; 42(3): 139-143.
  • 8. Poss JE. Developing a new model for cross-cultural research: synthesizing The Health Belief Model and the theory of reasoned action. Adv Nurs Sci. 2001; 23(4):1-15.
  • 9. Smith PJ, Humiston SG, Marcuse EK, Zhao Z, Dorell CG, Howes C, et al. Parental delay or refusal of vaccine doses, childhood vaccination coverage at 24 months of age, and the Health Belief Model. Public Health Reports, 2011; 126(2): 135-146.
  • 10. Petro-Nustus W, Mikhail B. Factors associated with breast self examination among Jordanian women. Public Health Nursing; 2002; 19(4): 263-271.
  • 11. Çimen M, Akbolat M, Çiftçi F, Işık O, Şahin B. Astım Hastalarının Sağlık İnanç Modeline Dayalı Algı ve Tutumları ile Tedavi Başarısına Yönelik Düşüncelerinin Belirlenmesi. [A group of asthma patients' treatment related thoughts based on Health Belief Model and perception of medication success]. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 2012; 11(1): 87-96.
  • 12. Nahcivan ÖN, Seçginli S. Meme Kanserinde Erken Tanıya Yönelik Tutum ve Davranışlar; Bir Rehber Olarak Sağlık İnanç Modelinin Kullanımı. [Attitudes and behaviors toward breast cancer early detection: Using the health belief model as a guide]. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi [Journal of Cumhuriyet University School of Nursing], 2003; 7(1): 33- 37.
  • 13. Gözüm S, Karayurt Ö, Aydın İ. Meme Kanseri Taramalarında Champion’un Sağlık Inanç Modeli Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlamalarına Ilişkin Sonuçlar [The results of Turkish adaptations of Champion’s Health Belief Model scale at breast cancer screening]. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi, 2004; 1(2): 71-85.
  • 14. Kılıç D, Erici B. Osteoporoz Sağlık İnanç Ölçeği, Osteoporoz Öz Etkililik/Yeterlilik Ölçeği ve Osteoporoz Bilgi Testi'nin Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği [The Relıabılıty And Valıdıty Of The Osteoporosıs Health Belief Scale, Osteoporosıs Self-Effıcacy Scale And Osteoporosıs Knowledge Test]. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, [Journal of Atatürk University School of Nursing], 2004; 7(2): 89-102.
  • 15. Kim A, Horan C, Gendler B. Development and evaluation of the osteoporosis Health Belief Scale. Research in Nursing Health, 1991; 14(2): 155-163.
  • 16. Bal MD. Kadınların Pap Smear Testi Yaptırma Durumlarının Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği Ile Değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of women having pap smear test by Health Belief Model Scale]. MÜSBED, 2014; 4(3): 133-138.
  • 17. Olgun N, Altun ZA. Sağlık İnanç Modeli Doğrultusunda Verilen Eğitimin Diyabet Hastalarının Bakım Uygulamalarına Etkisi [Effects of education based on Health Belief Model on nursing implication in patients with diabetes]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, [Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Journal], 2012; 19(2): 46-57.
  • 18. Rosenstock LM. Historical origins of the Health Belief Model. Health Education Monographs, 1974; 2(4): 328-335.
  • 19. Janz NK, Champion VL, Strecher VJ. The Health Belief Model. Eds: Glanz K, Rimer BK, Lewis FM. Health Behavior and Health Education. 3rd edition. San Fransisco: Jossey- Boss; 2002. p. 45-66.
  • 20. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG committee opinion. Number 316, October 2005. Smoking cessation during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol, 2005; 106 (4): 883-888.
  • 21. Meier SM, Plessen KJ, Verhulst F, Mors O, Mortensen PB, Pedersen CB, et al. Familial confounding of the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and internalizing disorders in offspring. Psychological Medicine, 2017; 47(8): 1417-1426.
  • 22. Quinn PD, Rickert ME, Weibull CE, Johansson AL, Lichtenstein P, Almqvist C, et al. Association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and severe mental illness in offspring. JAMA Psychiatry, 2017; 74(6): 589-596.
  • 23. Joubert BR, Håberg SE, Nilsen RM, Wang X, Vollset SE, Murphy SK, et al. 450K epigenome-wide scan identifies differential DNA methylation in newborns related to maternal smoking during pregnancy. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2012; 120(10): 1425.
  • 24. Obel C, Zhu JL, Olsen J, Breining S, Li J, Grønborg TK, et al. The risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy–a re‐examination using a sibling design. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2016; 57(4): 532-537.
  • 25. Markunas CA, Xu Z, Harlid S, Wade PA, Lie RT, Taylor JA, et al. Identification of DNA methylation changes in newborns related to maternal smoking during pregnancy. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2014; 122(10): 1147.
  • 26. Banderali G, Martelli A, Landi M, Moretti F, Betti F, Radaelli G, et al. Short and long term health effects of parental tobacco smoking during pregnancy and lactation: a descriptive review. Journal of Translational Medicine, 2015; 13(1): 327.
  • 27. Keskinoğlu P, Aksakoğlu G. Pasif sigara içiciliğinin çocuklarda solunum sistemi üzerindeki etkileri Çağrılı Editör. Türk Pediatri Arşivi, 2007; 42(4).
  • 28. Erçin T, Mendeş B, Özdal M. Comparison of respiratory parameters of children with smoking and non-smoking parents. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 2017; 3(8): 82-93.
  • 29. Ekblad M, Korkeila J, Lehtonen L. Smoking during pregnancy affects foetal brain development. Acta Paediatrica, 2015; 104(1): 12-18.
  • 30. Badon SE, Miller RS, Qiu C, Sorensen TK, Williams MA, Enquobahrie DA. Maternal healthy lifestyle during early pregnancy and offspring birthweight: differences by offspring sex. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 2018; 31(9): 1111-1117.
  • 31. World Health Organization. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data, Prevalence of tobacco smoking. (Erişim Tarihi: 18 nisan 2018) Erişim adresi: http://www.who.int/gho/tobacco/use/en/
  • 32. World Health Organization .Tobacco Free Initiative (TFI), WHO global report on trends in tobacco smoking 2000-2025 (Erişim Tarihi: 18 Nisan 2018). Erişim adresi http://www.who.int/tobacco/publications/surveillance/reportontrendstobaccosmoking/en/
  • 33. Türkiye Halk Sağliği Kurumu, Küresel Yetişkin Tütün Araştirmasi Türkiye 2012. (Erişim Tarihi: 18 Nisan 2018). Erişim adresi http://www.halksagligiens.hacettepe.edu.tr/KYTA_TR.pdf
  • 34. Ukawa S, Tamakoshi A, Yatsuya H, Yamagishi K, Ando M, Iso H, et al. Passive smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality: findings from the Japan collaborative cohort study. International Journal of Public Health, 2017; 62(4): 489-494.
  • 35. World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. (Erişim Tarihi: 18 Nisan 2018). Erişim adresi http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/250796/9789241549912-eng.pdf;jsessionid=8BB01387C1D8141CB2C9753C0182FAD8?sequence=1
  • 36. American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Guidelines for Perinatal Care, Seventh Edition October 2012. (Erişim Tarihi: 18 Nisan 2018). Erişim adresi: https://www.acog.org/Search?Keyword=prenatal+carehttps://tr.scribd.com/document/304489281/ACOG-Perinatal-Care-Guideline-Summary-7th-Edition.
  • 37. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Antenatal care for uncomplicated Antenatal care for uncomplicated pregnancies pregnancies. (Erişim Tarihi: 18 Nisan 2018). Erişim adresi: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg62/resources/antenatal-care-for-uncomplicated-pregnancies-pdf-975564597445
  • 38. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Standards of Maternıty Care ınaustralıa and new Zealand. (Erişim Tarihi: 18 Nisan 2018). Erişim adresi: https://www.ranzcog.edu.au/RANZCOG_SITE/media/RANZCOG-MEDIA/About/Maternity-Care-in-Australia-Web.pdf
  • 39. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı. Doğum ve Sezaryen Eylemi Yönetim Rehberi, 2014. (Erişim Tarihi: 18 Nisan 2018). Erişim adresi :https://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/dogumonubakim.pdf
  • 40. McEvoy CT, Spindel ER. Pulmonary effects of maternal smoking on the fetus and child: effects on lung development, respiratory morbidities, and life long lung health. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 2017; 21: 27-33.
  • 41. Ko TJ, Tsai LY, Chu LC, Yeh SJ, Leung C, Chen CY, et al. Parental smoking during pregnancy and its association with low birth weight, small for gestational age, and preterm birth offspring: a birth cohort study. Pediatrics & Neonatology, 2014; 55(1): 20-27.
  • 42. Resmî Gazete. Tütün Mamullerinin Zararlarinin Önlenmesine Dair Kanundadeğişiklik Yapilmasi Hakkinda Kanun. (Erişim Tarihi: 18 Nisan 2018). Erişim adresi:http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2008/01/20080119-1.htm
  • 43. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı. Sigara bırakma danışma hattı ALO 171 (Erişim Tarihi: 18 Nisan 2018. Erişim adresi:https://alo171.saglik.gov.tr/?/default#support
  • 44. Champion VL, Skinner CS. The Health Belief Model. Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K, editörs. Health Behavior and Health Education: theory, research, and practice. 4nd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2008. p. 45-62.
  • 45. Kılınç E, Gür K. Okul yaralanmalarını önlemede sağlık inanç modeli temelli girişimlerin etkisi [The Effect of Health Belief Model Based Initiatives in Preventing School Injuries ]. Journal of Health Science and Profession, 2018;5 (3):467-475.
  • 46. Gottwald M, Goodman- Brown J. Health Belief Model. A Guide To Practical Health Promotion. 1nd ed. England, McGraw-Hill Educatio; 2012. p. 73-78.
  • 47. Mohammadi S, Ghajari H, Valizade R, Ghaderi N, Yousefi F, Taymoori P, et al. Predictors of smoking among the secondary high school boy students based on the Health Belief Model. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2017; 8(1): 24.
  • 48. Hayden J. Health belief model. Introduction to Health Behavior Theory. 2nd Ed. Canada: Jones and Barlett Publishers; 2014. p. 63-107.
  • 49. Shahnazi H, Sharifirad G, Reisi M, Javadzade H, Rajati F, Charkazi A, et al. Factors associated with cigarette smoking based on constructs of health belief model in pre-university students in 2011 in Isfahan, Iran. Health System Research. 2013; 9:378–384.
  • 50. Li K, Kay NS. Correlates of cigarette smoking among male Chinese college students in China – A preliminary study. Int Electron J Health Educ. 2009; 12: 59–71.
  • 51. Golechha M. Health promotion methods for smoking prevention and cessation: A comprehensive review of effectiveness and the way forward. Int J Prev Med. 2016;7: 7.
  • 52. Roohafza H, Heidari K, Omidi R, Alinia T, Sadeghi M, Mohammad-Shafiee G, et al. Adolescent perception on school environment and smoking behavior: Analysis of Isfahan tobacco use prevention program. Int J Prev Med. 2014; 5(Suppl 2): 139–145.
  • 53. Heydari G, Masjedi M, Ebn Ahmady A, Leischow SJ, Lando HA, Shadmehr MB, et al. Quit smoking experts’ opinions toward quality and results of quit smoking methods provided in tobacco cessation services centers in Iran. Int J Prev Med. 2015; 6: 74.
  • 54. Bandura, A. Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 1993; 28(2): 117-148.
  • 55. Moeini B, Poorolajal J, Gharghani ZG. Prevalence of cigarette smoking and associated risk factors among adolescents in Hamadan city, West of Iran in 2010. J Res Health Sci, 2012; 12: 31–37.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Olgu sunumu
Yazarlar

Semra Tuncay Yılmaz 0000-0002-3344-2951

İlknur Demirhan 0000-0002-6910-9018

Sevil Şahin 0000-0001-7089-6648

Sena Kaplan 0000-0002-1677-5463

Yayımlanma Tarihi 16 Temmuz 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Tuncay Yılmaz, S., Demirhan, İ., Şahin, S., Kaplan, S. (2019). Sağlik İnanç Modeli Örneği: Tütün Bağımlısı Gebe. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri Ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(3), 38-46.
AMA Tuncay Yılmaz S, Demirhan İ, Şahin S, Kaplan S. Sağlik İnanç Modeli Örneği: Tütün Bağımlısı Gebe. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. Temmuz 2019;1(3):38-46.
Chicago Tuncay Yılmaz, Semra, İlknur Demirhan, Sevil Şahin, ve Sena Kaplan. “Sağlik İnanç Modeli Örneği: Tütün Bağımlısı Gebe”. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri Ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 1, sy. 3 (Temmuz 2019): 38-46.
EndNote Tuncay Yılmaz S, Demirhan İ, Şahin S, Kaplan S (01 Temmuz 2019) Sağlik İnanç Modeli Örneği: Tütün Bağımlısı Gebe. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 1 3 38–46.
IEEE S. Tuncay Yılmaz, İ. Demirhan, S. Şahin, ve S. Kaplan, “Sağlik İnanç Modeli Örneği: Tütün Bağımlısı Gebe”, Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 1, sy. 3, ss. 38–46, 2019.
ISNAD Tuncay Yılmaz, Semra vd. “Sağlik İnanç Modeli Örneği: Tütün Bağımlısı Gebe”. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 1/3 (Temmuz 2019), 38-46.
JAMA Tuncay Yılmaz S, Demirhan İ, Şahin S, Kaplan S. Sağlik İnanç Modeli Örneği: Tütün Bağımlısı Gebe. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2019;1:38–46.
MLA Tuncay Yılmaz, Semra vd. “Sağlik İnanç Modeli Örneği: Tütün Bağımlısı Gebe”. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri Ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 1, sy. 3, 2019, ss. 38-46.
Vancouver Tuncay Yılmaz S, Demirhan İ, Şahin S, Kaplan S. Sağlik İnanç Modeli Örneği: Tütün Bağımlısı Gebe. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2019;1(3):38-46.