Çocuklarda Oral Fonksiyon Bozuklukları ve Malokluzyon

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 75 - 86, 28.12.2020

Şeyma Öztürk Elif Ballıkaya

Öz

Bireyin baş ve boyun bölgesinde gerçekleşen kassal, yapısal işlev ve fonksiyonların sorunsuz bir şekilde meydana getirilebilmesi; yaşamsal, estetik ve psikolojik açıdan son derece önemlidir. Solunum, yutma, çiğneme gibi fonksiyonlardaki normalden sapmaların; maloklüzyona, edinilmiş kraniyofasiyal bozukluğa ve çeşitli hastalıklara neden olabileceği birçok çalışmada bildirilmiştir. Anormal alışkanlıkların etkileri zamanla birikerek iç ve dış kas kuvvetleri arasında bir dengesizlik oluşturabilir ve stomatognatik sistemin normal gelişimini değiştirebilir. Kritik dönemlerde müdahale eksikliği dişlerin pozisyonlarını, çeneler arasındaki ilişkiyi ve şeklini değiştirebilir. Ne yazık ki, duruş ve fonksiyon bozukluklarını ölçmek ve değerlendirmek zordur ve bu durum konunun algılanan önemini azaltmıştır. Temel ortodontik muayeneler genellikle yedi yaşından itibaren önerilir. Bununla birlikte, maloklüzyon ile sonuçlanan dismorfik değişiklikler genellikle daha önceki yıllarda belirginleşir. Fonksiyon bozuklukları giderilmediğinde, ortodontik tedaviyi takiben tekrar maloklüzyon oluşabilir. Oluşabilecek maloklüzyonların ve ortodontik tedavi sonrası relapsın engellenmesi için fonksiyon bozukluklarının teşhisi ve tedavi edilmesi kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu derlemenin amacı, oklüzal (dişlerin kapanış ilişkileri) ve yüz gelişiminde etkili olan oral fonksiyonlar hakkında güncel literatür bilgilerini paylaşarak erken tanı ve tedavi için aileler, diş hekimi, ortodontist ve diğer sağlık çalışanları için farkındalık oluşturmaktır. Emzirme, hava yolu tıkanıklığı, anormal frenulum, ağız solunumu, oral alışkanlıklar, yutma, çiğneme başlıkları altında konu açıklığa kavuşturulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alışkanlıklar, Çene bozuklukları, Çocuklar, Maloklüzyon

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

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Oral Function Disorders and Malocclusion in Children

Öz

Ability to perform muscular activity and structural functions in the head and neck region of the individual without any problem is extremely critical in terms of vital, aesthetics and psychology. It has been reported in many studies that aberration of functions such as breathing, swallowing, chewing may cause malocclusion, acquired craniofacial disorder and various diseases. The cumulative effects of abnormal habits could result in an imbalance between the internal, external muscle forces and eventually may alter the normal development of the stomatognathic system. Unfortunately, the perceived importance of the issue is not enough due to difficulties in measuring and evaluating postural changes and dysfunctions. Basic orthodontic examinations are usually suggested onwards seven years of age. However, dysmorphic changes that result in malocclusion are often apparent years earlier. The diagnosis, treatment of dysfunctions are critical to prevent possible malocclusions and relapse after orthodontic treatment. This review aims to raise awareness for families, dentists, orthodontists, and other healthcare professionals for early diagnosis and treatment about oral functions that are effective in facial development and occlusal relationships in the light of current literature. The subject will be clarified under the topics of breastfeeding, airway obstruction, abnormal frenulum, mouth breathing, oral habits, swallowing, chewing.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Children, Habits, Malocclusion, Jaw Abnormalities

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

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