Growth and Development of Children with Congenital Heart Disease: Nutrition

Emel Yürük; Şenay Çetinkaya

doi:10.51536/tusbad.1221255

Derleme

Growth and Development of Children with Congenital Heart Disease: Nutrition

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 53 - 66, 30.12.2023

Emel Yürük , Şenay Çetinkaya

https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.1221255

Öz

The term; Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) encapsulates congenital or post identified anomalies in cardiovascular system. A structural defect in the heart is classified as a congenital heart defect, congenital heart anomaly, or cardiovascular malformation. CHD constitutes the most common congenital anomalies in newborns. CHD emerge 8-12 of every 1000 births, making the occurrence frequency 1%. Amongst children, CHD anomaly is on critical level for 10-15 % and occurrence frequency is 1.2-1.7 CHD findings may be listed as; feeding difficulty, anoxia, heart failure, tachypnea, pulmonary hypertension, abnormal endocrine functions and upper respiratory tract infections. Besides the characteristics findings of the disease, children additionally observed of having malnutrition and growth and development deficiency. Children with CHD have a lower weight compared to their normal peers, and their neuromotor and language development is weaker along with that, growth retardation accompanied by short stature is also observed in these children. Malnutrition is observed in 25-55% of children with CHD, and 80% of them are reported to have been hospitalized. Due to the direct impact on growth, the importance of nutrition for children with heart disease is emphasized.
Pediatric nurses and dietitians work in collaboration to monitor the nutrition and, accordingly, growth and development of children with CHD. They create a nutrition plan that supports energy intake for the child's individualized regime appropriate to their age group. In the ongoing process, they monitor the child's daily weight and growth and development levels. In this way, they aim to reduce mortality and morbidity rates by accelerating the post-operative recovery of children with CHD.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Child health and diseases nursing, Congenital heart disease, Growth and development, Nutrition

Proje Numarası

Proje kapsamında bir kayıt numarası yoktur.

Kaynakça

1. Tanman B, Cantez T, Dindar A. Congenital heart diseases. Neyzi O, Ertuğrul T (Edts) Pediatrics. Istanbul: Nobel Medicine Bookstores; 2002: 947-73.
2. Zan S, Yapıcıoğlu H, Erdem S, Özlü F, Satar M, Özbarlas N. Retrospective analysis of congenital heart patients followed up in the neonatal ıntensive care units of çukurova university medical faculty hospital in the last five years. Pediatric Right Patient Journal 2015;58:7-16.
3. Van der Linde D, Konings EE, Slager MA, Witsenburg M, Helbing WA, Takkenberg JJ, Et al. Birth prevalence of congenital heart disease worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J American College of Cardiology. 2011;58:2241-7. 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.08.025
4. Başpinar O, Karaaslan S, Oran B, Baysal T, Elmacı AM, Yorulmaz A. Prevelance and distribution of children with congenital heart diseases in the central anatolian region Turkey. Turk J Pediatr. 2006;48:237-243. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17172068/
5. Karabıyık N, Kavuncuoğlu S, Beşikçi R, et al. Frequency of Congenital heart disease in the first week of life. Children's Journal. 2003; 3:114-118.
6. Hussain S, Sabir MU, Afzal M, Asghar I. Incidence of congenital heart disease among neonates in a neonatal unit of a tertiary care hospital. J Pak Med Assoc. 2014;64(2):175-178. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24640808/
7. Bradley SM, Geoffrey LB, Wernovsky G. Cardiovascular disease in the neonate. Pediatrician Clin North Am. 2001: 91-133.
8. Bernstein D. Congenital heart disease. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB (eds). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. (17th ed). Philadelphia: Saunders; 2004; 1499-502.
9. Kavaklı A. Childhood growth and development. Istanbul: Hilal Printing; 2002:141-160.
10. Conk Z, Başbakkal Z, Bal Yılmaz H, Bolışık B. Pediatric Nursing. Ankara: Akadesmian Medicine Bookstore; 2013;34-56.
11. Neyzi O, Günöz H, Furman A. Body weight, height, head circumference and body mass index reference values in turkish children. J Child Health and Diseases 2015;51:1-14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26777039/
12. Palanikumar B, Indirapriya Darshini A. Growth and development. National Library of Medicine: 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567767/
13. Çelik B, Sercan B. Growth status of children and effective factors in the healthy child follow-up outpatient clinic. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics, 2014; 49: 104-10. 10.5152/tpa.2014.1145
14. Gürakan B. Evaluation of congenital heart diseases. Yurdakök M, Erdem G (ed). Neonatology. Ankara: Turkish Neonatology Association; 2004: 503-512.
15. Erek E, Yalçınbaş YK, Sarıoğlu T. Pediatric and congenital heart surgery. Fundamentals and Principles. Acıbadem University Publications; 2016.
16. Ertürk E, Küçükötük Ş, Baysal K, Ayyıldız P, Yılmaz A, Oğur G. Retrospective evaluation of the cases diagnosed with congenital heart disease in the neonatal ıntensive care unit, a retrospective evaluation of the patients with congenital heart disease in neonatal ıntensive care unit, The Journal of Current Pediatrics. 2016:14; 67-73.
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20. Hanan M. Abdelmoneim, Bahaa Elamir Hawary, Alaa Magdi Eldoctour Soliman. Assessment of Nutrition State in Children with Heart Diseases. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine. 2019;77 (2):5049-5055
21. Knochelmann A, Geyer S, Grosser U. Maternal understanding of infective endocarditis after hospitalization: assessing the knowledge of mothers of children with congenital heart disease and the practical implications. P Cardiology, 2014: 35, 223–231. 10.1007/s00246-013-0763-8
22. Costello CL, Marcelee G, Jane D M. Growth Restriction in ınfants and young children with congenital, heart disease. International J Medicine. 2015:33 (2): 157-163. 10.1111/chd.12231
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Konjenital Kalp Hastalığı Olan Çocuklarda Büyüme ve Gelişme: Beslenme

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 53 - 66, 30.12.2023

Emel Yürük , Şenay Çetinkaya

https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.1221255

Öz

Konjenital Kalp Hastalığı (KKH) terimi kardiyovasküler sistemdeki, doğuştan olan veya daha sonra tanımlanabilen yapısal veya fonksiyonel anomalileri içerir. Kalpteki yapısal bir kusur konjenital kalp defekti, konjenital kalp anomalisi veya kardiyovasküler malformasyon olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Yenidoğanda en sık görülen doğumsal anomalileri KKH oluşturmaktadır. KKH anamolisi her 1000 canlı doğumun 8-12’sinde ortaya çıkmaktadır ve görülme sıklığı %1’dir. KKH anomalisi olan çocukların da %10-15’i kritik KKH grubuna dahil olup, sıklığı 1000 canlı doğumda 1.2-1.7’dir. KKH bulguları arasında beslenme güçlüğü, anoksi, kalp yetersizliği, taşipne, pulmoner hipertansiyon, anormal endokrin fonksiyonlar ve üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonları yer almaktadır. KKH olan çocuklarda hastalığın karakteristik bulgularının yanında beslenme eksiklikleri ile büyüme ve gelişme gerilikleri görülmektedir. KKH olan çocuklar normal yaşıtlarına göre nöromotor ve dil gelişiminin zayıfladığı daha düşük ağırlığa sahip olmakla beraber bu çocuklarda boy kısalığının eşlik ettiği büyüme geriliği de görülmektedir. KKH olan çocukların %25-55’ inde malnütrisyon gözlenmekte ve bunların %80’inin hastaneye yattığı bildirilmektedir. Büyümenin doğrudan etkilenmesi nedeni ile kalp hastalığı olan çocukların beslenmelerinin önemi vurgulanmaktadır. KKH olan çocukların beslenmesinin ve buna bağlı olarak büyüme ve gelişmelerinin takibini sağlamak için çocuk hemşireleri ve diyetisyenler iş birliği halinde çalışır. Çocuğun yaş grubuna uygun bireyselleştirilmiş rejimi için, enerji alımını desteleyen beslenme planı oluştururlar. Devam eden süreçte çocuğun günlük kilo takibini yaparak büyüme ve gelişme düzeylerini takip ederler. Bu sayede KKH olan çocukların ameliyat sonrası iyileşmelerini hızlandırarak, mortalite ve morbidite oranlarının düşmesini hedeflerler.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beslenme, Büyüme ve gelişme, Çocuk sağlığı ve hemşireliği, Konjenital kalp hastalığı

Destekleyen Kurum

Münferit çalışmadır. Destekleyen kurum bulunmamaktadır.

Proje Numarası

Proje kapsamında bir kayıt numarası yoktur.

Teşekkür

Sorumlu yazar ve gönderen yazar ilk yazardır. Katkılarından dolayı yazarlara teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

1. Tanman B, Cantez T, Dindar A. Congenital heart diseases. Neyzi O, Ertuğrul T (Edts) Pediatrics. Istanbul: Nobel Medicine Bookstores; 2002: 947-73.
2. Zan S, Yapıcıoğlu H, Erdem S, Özlü F, Satar M, Özbarlas N. Retrospective analysis of congenital heart patients followed up in the neonatal ıntensive care units of çukurova university medical faculty hospital in the last five years. Pediatric Right Patient Journal 2015;58:7-16.
3. Van der Linde D, Konings EE, Slager MA, Witsenburg M, Helbing WA, Takkenberg JJ, Et al. Birth prevalence of congenital heart disease worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J American College of Cardiology. 2011;58:2241-7. 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.08.025
4. Başpinar O, Karaaslan S, Oran B, Baysal T, Elmacı AM, Yorulmaz A. Prevelance and distribution of children with congenital heart diseases in the central anatolian region Turkey. Turk J Pediatr. 2006;48:237-243. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17172068/
5. Karabıyık N, Kavuncuoğlu S, Beşikçi R, et al. Frequency of Congenital heart disease in the first week of life. Children's Journal. 2003; 3:114-118.
6. Hussain S, Sabir MU, Afzal M, Asghar I. Incidence of congenital heart disease among neonates in a neonatal unit of a tertiary care hospital. J Pak Med Assoc. 2014;64(2):175-178. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24640808/
7. Bradley SM, Geoffrey LB, Wernovsky G. Cardiovascular disease in the neonate. Pediatrician Clin North Am. 2001: 91-133.
8. Bernstein D. Congenital heart disease. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB (eds). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. (17th ed). Philadelphia: Saunders; 2004; 1499-502.
9. Kavaklı A. Childhood growth and development. Istanbul: Hilal Printing; 2002:141-160.
10. Conk Z, Başbakkal Z, Bal Yılmaz H, Bolışık B. Pediatric Nursing. Ankara: Akadesmian Medicine Bookstore; 2013;34-56.
11. Neyzi O, Günöz H, Furman A. Body weight, height, head circumference and body mass index reference values in turkish children. J Child Health and Diseases 2015;51:1-14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26777039/
12. Palanikumar B, Indirapriya Darshini A. Growth and development. National Library of Medicine: 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567767/
13. Çelik B, Sercan B. Growth status of children and effective factors in the healthy child follow-up outpatient clinic. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics, 2014; 49: 104-10. 10.5152/tpa.2014.1145
14. Gürakan B. Evaluation of congenital heart diseases. Yurdakök M, Erdem G (ed). Neonatology. Ankara: Turkish Neonatology Association; 2004: 503-512.
15. Erek E, Yalçınbaş YK, Sarıoğlu T. Pediatric and congenital heart surgery. Fundamentals and Principles. Acıbadem University Publications; 2016.
16. Ertürk E, Küçükötük Ş, Baysal K, Ayyıldız P, Yılmaz A, Oğur G. Retrospective evaluation of the cases diagnosed with congenital heart disease in the neonatal ıntensive care unit, a retrospective evaluation of the patients with congenital heart disease in neonatal ıntensive care unit, The Journal of Current Pediatrics. 2016:14; 67-73.
17. Medoff-Cooper B. and Ravishankar C. Nutrition and growth ın congenital heart disease: a challenge ın children. Copyright Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited: 2013; 28:122–129. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23370229/
18. Bradley S. Marino, MD. Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with congenital heart disease: evaluation and management. 2020. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/cir.0b013e318265ee8a 19. Chi-Wen Che,. Chung-Yi Li, Jou-Kou Wang. Growth and development of children with congenital heart disease. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2003:47(3); 260–269. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03090.x
20. Hanan M. Abdelmoneim, Bahaa Elamir Hawary, Alaa Magdi Eldoctour Soliman. Assessment of Nutrition State in Children with Heart Diseases. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine. 2019;77 (2):5049-5055
21. Knochelmann A, Geyer S, Grosser U. Maternal understanding of infective endocarditis after hospitalization: assessing the knowledge of mothers of children with congenital heart disease and the practical implications. P Cardiology, 2014: 35, 223–231. 10.1007/s00246-013-0763-8
22. Costello CL, Marcelee G, Jane D M. Growth Restriction in ınfants and young children with congenital, heart disease. International J Medicine. 2015:33 (2): 157-163. 10.1111/chd.12231
23. FM Schuurmans, CFM Pulles-Heintzberger, WJM Gerver, ADM Kester and Forget Long-term growth of children with congenital heart disease: a retrospective study. Acta Pediatrics. 1998: (87): 1250–1255. 10.1080/080352598750030933
24. Kathleen A, Raymond Hoffmann George M. Hoffman, James S. Risk and prevalence of developmental delay in young children with congenital heart disease. Pediatrics. 2014;133(3): 570-577. 10.1542/peds.2013-2309
25. Irving SY, Simone SD, Hicks FW, Verger JT. Nutrition for the critically ill child: enteral and parenteral support. AACN Clin. 2000; 11:541–558. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11288418/
26. Limperopoulos C, Tworetzky W, Newburger JW, Robertson RL, Brown DW, et al. Third-trimester volumetric brain growth is impaired in fetuses with congenital heart disease. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.865568
27. Mahle WT, Clancy RR, Moss EM, Gerdes M, Jobes DR, Wernovsky G. Neurodevelopmental outcome and lifestyle assessment in school-aged and adolescent children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Pediatrics. 2000;105:1082–1089. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.105.5.1082
28. Wernovsky G, Stiles KM, Gauvreau K, Gentles TL, duPlessis AJ, Bellinger DC, Walsh AZ, Burnett J, Jonas RA, Mayer JE, Newburger JW. Cognitive development after the fontan operation. Circulation. 2000;102:883–889. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.CIR.102.8.883
29. Morse SB, Zheng H, Tang Y, Roth J. Early school-age outcomes of late preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2009;123:622–629
30. Natarajan G, Reddy Anne S, Aggarwal S. Enteral feeding of neonates with congenital heart disease. Neonatology. 2010; 98:330–336. 10.1159/000285706
31. Infant and young child feeding. A tool for assessing national practices, policies and programmes. WHO 2003 https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42794 (accessed 21.02.2020).
32. Schanzenbach Diane W, Betsy T. Supporting development through child nutrition. The Future of Children. 2020; (30)2: 115-142. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27075018
33. Ankara Public Health Directorate, Child, Adolescent, Women, Reproductive Health Services Branch, Complementary Nutrition Manual. Ankara. 2011.
34. Tsintoni A, Dimitriou G, Karatza AA. Nutrition of neonates with congenital heart disease: existing evidence, conflicts and concerns. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020; 33(14):2487-2492. 10.1080/14767058.2018.1548602
35. Licht DJ, Shera DM, Clancy RR. Brain maturation is delayed in infants with complex congenital heart defects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 137:529–537
36. Oyarzun I, Claveria C, Larios G, Roy C. Nutritional recovery after cardiac surgery in children with congenital heart diseas. 2018; 89:(1)24-31. 10.4067/S0370-41062018000100024
37. V. Colomb, .I. Rolon, M. Lorrain, C. Talbotec. Malnutrition ın young child with congenital heart dissease: prevalence and risk factors. P Gastroenterology and N. Pediatrics. 2018; 75:278
38. Luise V, Marino Mark J, Johnson Natalie J, Davies. Darlington. ımproving growth of ınfants with congenital heart disease using a consensus-based nutritional pathway. 2019; (39):8. 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.10.031
39. Chunxiang QIN, Ying LI, Dianjun WANG, Zeya SHI, Rui YAO, Dan WANG and Siyuan TANG. Maternal factors and preoperative nutrition in children with mild cases of congenital heart disease. Japan Journal of Nursing Science 2019: 16, 37–46. 10.1111/jjns.12211
40. Natarajan G, Reddy Anne S, Aggarwal S. Enteral feeding of neonates with congenital heart disease. Neonatology 2010; 98:330–336. 10.1159/000285706
41. Enteral Feeding of Preterm Infants – Full guideline-MCN for Neonatology West of Scotland Neonatal Guideline: 2013.
42. Natarajan G, Anne Sreedhar R, Aggarwal S. Enteral feeding of neonates with congenital heart disease. Neonatology. 2010; 98:330–336. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285706
43. Jadcherla SR, Vijayapal AS, Leuthner S: Feeding abilities in neonates with congenital heart disease: a retrospective study. J Perinatol 2009; 29:112–118. 10.1038/jp.2008.136
44. Schwalbe-Terilli CR, Hartman DH, Nagle ML, Gallagher PR, Ittenbach RF, Burnham NB, Gaynor JW, Ravishankar C: Enteral feeding and caloric intake in neonates after cardiac surgery. Am J Crit Care. 2009; 18: 52–57. 10.4037/ajcc2009405
45. Manimaran R, Namasivayam: Feeding Practices and necrotizing enterocolitis. Clinics in Perinatology. 2013(40)1:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2012.12.001
46. Sahu MK, Singal A, Menon R, Singh SP, Mohan A, Manral M, et al. Early enteral nutrition therapyin congenital cardiac repair postoperatively: A randomized, controlled pilot study. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia. 2016; 19(4):653-661.
47. Ergin H, Kılıç İ, Gürses D, Sözeri A. Özdemir. Zenginleştirilmiş anne sütü (eoprotin) alan prematüre bebeklerde vücut ağırlığının değişimi. ADÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2000; 1(3):9-11. https://cms.galenos.com.tr/Uploads/Article_10991/9-11.pdf
48. Chaudhari S, Kadam S. Total parenteral nutrition in neonates. Indian Pediatr. 2006; 43:953-964. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17151398/
49. Bhatia J, Mena P, Denne S, Garcia C. Evaluation of adequacy of protein and energy. J Pediatr 2013;162:31-36.
50. Skillman, H. E. Wischmeyer, P. E. Nutrition therapy in critically ill infants and children. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition. 2008; 32:520–534.
51. Medoff-Cooper B, Sharon Y. Irving. ınnovative strategies for feeding and nutrition in ınfants with congenitally malformed heartscardiology in the young. 2009;19(2):90–95. 10.1017/S1047951109991673
52. Maurer I, Latal B, Geissmann H, et al. Prevalence and predictors of later feeding disorders in children who underwent neonatal cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease. Cardiol Young 2011; 21:303–309. 10.1017/S1047951110001976
53. Lande B, Andersen LF, Baerug A, et al. Infant feeding practices and associated factors in first six months of life: the Norvegaian infant nutrition survey. Acta Paediatr. 2003;92:61-152.
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55. Chunxiang QIN, Ying LI, Dianjun WANG, Zeya SHI, Rui YAO, Dan WANG and Siyuan TANG. Maternal factors and preoperative nutrition in children with mild cases of congenital heart disease. Japan Journal of Nursing Science 2019:16, 37–46. 10.1111/jjns.12211
56. N. Caporelli, A. Capestro, S. Gatti, A. Baldinelli, M.E. Lionetti, C. Catassi, M. Pozzi Nutrition ın ınfants undergoing surgery for congenital heart dissease. A Longitudinal Study In 71 Children. Digestive and Liver Disease. 2016: 241–281. 10.1016/j.dld.2016.08.101
57. Dolgun G, Bozkurt G, İnal S. Circulatory system diseases and nursing care in children. Conk Z, Başbakkal Z, Yılmaz HB, Bolışık B, editors. Pediatric nursing. Ankara: Pediatric Academician Medical Bookstore; 2013: 410-413.
58. Çetinkaya Ş, Conk Z. Growth and development of Twelve-Month infants in Central Malatya. Journal of İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, 2009;16(2):95-100. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/totm/issue/13101/157817
59. Shields L, Pratt J, Hunter J. Family-centred care for hospitalised children aged 0-12 years. The Cochrane Collaboration, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2012;1-26. 10.1002/14651858.CD004811.pub3
60. Çinar N. Altınkaynak S. Congestive heart failure and nursing care in childhood. Duzce University JHSI 2014;4(3): 28-33. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/duzcesbed/issue/4847/66615
61. Erdemir, F. Nursing Diagnostics Handbook. Istanbul: Nobel Medicine Bookstores; 2012.
62. Exceeded. T. Karadağ, A. Fundamentals of Nursing. Istanbul: Akademi Press and Publishing; 2012: 60.7
63. Ay, F. Basic concepts and skills in health practices. 5th Edition, Istanbul: Nobel Medicine Bookstores; 2013:30-33.
64. Özçelik Ersu D, Mücahit M. Diyetisyenler İçin çocuklarda klinik değerlendirme ve yönetim. Ankara: Tıp Nobel Kitabevleri. Birinci Baskı. 2023;101-110. DİYETİSYEN.pdf

Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm	Derleme
Yazarlar	Emel Yürük 0000-0002-6984-133X Şenay Çetinkaya 0000-0001-9578-5610
Proje Numarası	Proje kapsamında bir kayıt numarası yoktur.
Yayımlanma Tarihi	30 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA	Yürük, E., & Çetinkaya, Ş. (2023). Growth and Development of Children with Congenital Heart Disease: Nutrition. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri Ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(3), 53-66. https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.1221255
AMA	Yürük E, Çetinkaya Ş. Growth and Development of Children with Congenital Heart Disease: Nutrition. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. Aralık 2023;6(3):53-66. doi:10.51536/tusbad.1221255
Chicago	Yürük, Emel, ve Şenay Çetinkaya. “Growth and Development of Children With Congenital Heart Disease: Nutrition”. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri Ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 6, sy. 3 (Aralık 2023): 53-66. https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.1221255.
EndNote	Yürük E, Çetinkaya Ş (01 Aralık 2023) Growth and Development of Children with Congenital Heart Disease: Nutrition. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 6 3 53–66.
IEEE	E. Yürük ve Ş. Çetinkaya, “Growth and Development of Children with Congenital Heart Disease: Nutrition”, Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 3, ss. 53–66, 2023, doi: 10.51536/tusbad.1221255.
ISNAD	Yürük, Emel - Çetinkaya, Şenay. “Growth and Development of Children With Congenital Heart Disease: Nutrition”. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 6/3 (Aralık 2023), 53-66. https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.1221255.
JAMA	Yürük E, Çetinkaya Ş. Growth and Development of Children with Congenital Heart Disease: Nutrition. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2023;6:53–66.
MLA	Yürük, Emel ve Şenay Çetinkaya. “Growth and Development of Children With Congenital Heart Disease: Nutrition”. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri Ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 53-66, doi:10.51536/tusbad.1221255.
Vancouver	Yürük E, Çetinkaya Ş. Growth and Development of Children with Congenital Heart Disease: Nutrition. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2023;6(3):53-66.

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