Colorectal Cancer and Cachexia: Effect of Ketogenic Diet

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 40 - 52, 30.12.2023

Naciye Kılıç , Indrani Kalkan

https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.1254275

Öz

Colorectal cancer ranks 3rd among the most common cancer types in the world, and ranks 2nd in cancer-related deaths. Complications related to tumour tissue or individual-specific complications, including cancer treatment, can both adversely affect the course of the disease and cause death. Cachexia and inflammation are among these complications. In cancer treatment, medical nutrition therapy is just as important in maintaining and completing the treatment as well as medical treatment methods. One of these nutritional treatments is the ketogenic diet. The ketogenic diet is generally known as a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet model. The effect of this dietary model on cancer has been studied based on the Warburg effect and it has been observed that it could control tumor growth. It has also been observed that it may have positive effects on cachexia, especially due to the anti-inflammatory effect of beta hydroxy butyrate. Although these effects are observed, it is emphasised that the complications that may occur in the long term depending on the duration of ketogenic diet should not be ignored and more studies are needed in terms of provability. The aim of this review is to examine the effect of the ketogenic diet on colorectal cancer and cachexia based on the current literatüre.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cachexia, Colorectal cancer, Ketogenic diet

Kolorektal Kanser ve Kaşeksi: Ketojenik Diyetin Etkisi

Öz

Kolorektal kanser, dünyada en sık görülen kanser türleri arasında 3. sırada olmakla birlikte kansere bağlı ölüm nedenlerinde 2. sırada yer almaktadır. Kanser tedavisi de dahil olmak üzere tümör dokusuna bağlı veya bireye özgü gelişen komplikasyonlar da hem hastalığın seyrini olumsuz etkilemekte hem de ölüme sebep olabilmektedir. Kaşeksi ve inflamasyon bu komplikasyonlar arasında yer almaktadır. Kanser tedavisinde tıbbi beslenme tedavisi, medikal tedavi yöntemlerinin yanında sürecin ilerlemesinde ve tamamlanmasında bir o kadar önemlidir. Bu tıbbi beslenme tedavilerinden biri ketojenik diyettir. Ketojenik diyet genel olarak, yüksek yağlı, düşük karbonhidratlı diyet modeli olarak bilinmektedir. Bu diyet modelinin kanser üzerindeki etkisi Warburg etkisine dayandırılarak incelenmiş ve tümör büyümesini kontrol altına alabileceği gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca kaşeksi üzerinde de -özellikle beta hidroksi bütiratın- anti-inflamatuar etkisinden kaynaklı olumlu etkileri olabileceği görülmüştür. Her ne kadar bu etkiler gözlense de ketojenik diyetin uygulanma süresine bağlı olarak uzun dönemde oluşabilecek komplikasyonların göz ardı edilmemesi gerektiği ve kanıtlanabilirlik açısından daha çok çalışmaya gereksinim duyulduğu da vurgulanmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, ketojenik diyetin kolorektal kanser ve kaşeksi üzerindeki etkisini güncel literatüre dayanarak incelemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaşeksi, Ketojenik diyet, Kolorektal kanser

Kaynakça

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