Effect of Structured Exercise and Nutrition Programs on Patients Under Active Cancer Treatment

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 25 - 38, 30.04.2024

Melis Usul , Melisa Usul

https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.1360520

Öz

This study was planned to review the current studies investigating the effect of nutrition and exercise programs applied to patients undergoing active cancer treatment and to determine evidence-based opinions. English randomized controlled trials conducted in the last 5 years with the words 'nutrition and excersises in cancer treatment' in the Pubmed database were searched. In the studies examining patients with prostate cancer, individuals receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were examined. The efficacy of aerobic exercise intervention, carbohydrate-restricted diet and protein-calcium-rich diet were investigated in patients with prostate cancer receiving ADT. The positive effect of aerobic exercise intervention and carbohydrate-restricted diet program can be seen in this patient group. In patients undergoing breast cancer treatment, a diet balanced in carbohydrate, protein and fat and a mixed exercise program have been found to improve fatigue and quality of life. In studies in ovarian cancer patients, significant improvements in physical function, quality of life and fatigue levels were observed after protein-based nutritional intervention in addition to strengthening and balance exercises. There are very few studies in the literature examining the effects of exercise and nutrition interventions in patients with gastrointestinal system cancer. In patients with gastrointestinal system cancer; exercise program and protein-rich nutrition program may be effective in parameters other than nausea but should be supported by more studies in the literature. When protein-rich nutrition and exercise programs were examined in advanced cancer patients, it was found that the treatment program may positively affect quality of life and fatigue level; however, the long-term effects are controversial. The effectiveness of nutrition and exercise programs applied to patients undergoing active cancer treatment varies depending on the type of cancer; they have not been found to be superior to each other, but it is thought that they can be applied without any side effects. Although side effects are not observed in the interventions, the type of cancer and the clinical course of the patients should not be ignored. The effect of nutrition and exercise programs on patients undergoing active cancer treatment needs to be supported by more studies in terms of demonstrability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cancer care facilities, Exercises, Nutrition Therapy

Yapılandırılmış Egzersiz ve Beslenme Programlarının Aktif Kanser Tedavisi Gören Hastalar Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışma, aktif kanser tedavisi gören hastalara uygulanan beslenme ve egzersiz programlarının etkisini araştıran güncel çalışmaların incelenerek, kanıta dayalı görüşlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır. Pubmed veri tabanına ‘nutrition and excersises in cancer treatmant’ yazılarak son 5 yıl içinde İngilizce randomize kontrollü çalışmalar taranmıştır. Prostat kanserli hastaları inceleyen çalışmalarda, androjen yoksunluğu tedavisi (ADT) gören bireyler incelenmiştir. ADT tedavisi gören prostat kanserli hastalara, aerobik egzersiz müdahalesi, karbonhidrattan kısıtlı beslenme programı ve protein-kalsiyumdan zengin beslenme uygulamalarının etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Aerobik egzersiz müdahalesi ve karbonhidrattan kısıtlı beslenme programının olumlu etkisi, bu grup hastalarda görülebilmektedir. Meme kanseri tedavisi gören hastalarda karbonhidrat, protein ve yağ bakımından dengeli bir beslenme ve karma egzersiz programı uygulandığında, yorgunluk ve yaşam kalitesi düzeyinde değişimler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yumurtalık kanseri hastalarında yapılan çalışmalarda; kuvvetlendirme ve denge egzersizlerine ek olarak uygulanan protein bazlı beslenme müdahalesinden sonra fiziksel işlevde, yaşam kalitesi, yorgunluk düzeyinde anlamlı iyileşmeler olabileceği gözlenmiştir. Literatürde gastrointestinal sistem kanserli hastalarda egzersiz ve beslenme müdahalelerinin etkilerini inceleyen çalışmaların sayısı oldukça azdır. Gastrointestinal sistem kanserli hastalarda; egzersiz programı ve proteinden zengin beslenme programı, mide bulantısı dışındaki parametrelerde etkili olabilir ancak literatürde daha fazla çalışmayla desteklenmelidir. İleri düzey kanser hastalarında proteinden zengin beslenme ve egzersiz programları incelendiğinde, tedavi programının yaşam kalitesi ve yorgunluk düzeyini olumlu yönde etkileyebileceği ancak; uzun vadedeki etkilerinin tartışmalı olduğu bulunmuştur. Aktif kanser tedavisi gören hastalara uygulanan beslenme ve egzersiz programlarının etkinliği kanserin türüne bağlı olarak değişmekte olup; birbirlerine üstünlükleri görülmemiştir, ancak herhangi bir yan etki oluşmadan uygulanabilecekleri düşünülmektedir. Uygulanan müdahalelerde yan etkiler görülmemesine rağmen; kanserin tipi ve hastaların klinik seyrinin göz ardı edilmemesi gerekir. Beslenme ve egzersiz programlarının aktif kanser tedavisi gören hastalar üzerindeki etkisinin, kanıtlanabilirlik açısından daha fazla çalışmayla desteklenmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beslenme tedavisi, Egzersiz, Kanser tedavi hizmetleri

Kaynakça

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