Alzheimer Hastalığında ApoE4 Varyantı ve Beslenmedeki Rolü

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 17 - 26, 29.08.2024

Merve Saruhan

https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.1446087

Öz

Alzheimer hastalığı; belirli bir nöropatolojinin etkisiyle ilerleyici bilişsel işlev bozukluğu ve hafıza kaybı ile karakterize, yaşa bağlı nörodejeneratif bir merkezi sinir sistemi hastalığıdır. Hastalığın patogenezini etkileyen genetik faktörlerden biri olan ApoE4 polimorfizmi, geç başlangıçlı hastalık formu ile ilişkilendirilen en yüksek genetik risk faktörü olarak tanımlanmıştır. Hastalığın patolojisinde Amiloid-β (Aβ) metabolizmasında yer alan bir apolipoprotein olan ApoE4 aleli vücutta lipid metabolizmasını, inflamatuar yolları, kan-beyin bariyeri bütünlüğünü ve glikoz metabolizmasını etkilemektedir. Etkilenen bu metabolik yolaklara göre planlanan bir beslenme düzeni, ApoE4 aleli taşıyıcılarında hastalığın önlenmesini veya hastalığın başlangıç yaşının geciktirilmesinde etkili olabilmektedir. Bu alel taşıyıcılarında glisemik indeksi düşük besinlerin, antioksidan ve omega 3 yağ asitleri tüketimini destekleyen Akdeniz diyetinin, B grubu vitaminleri ve inülin tüketiminin hastalık seyrini iyileştirmede önemli rol oynayan yaklaşımlar olduğunu gösteren çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Prevelansı giderek artan nörodejenaratif bir bozukluk olan Alzheimer hastalığının yüksek genetik risk altındaki ApoE4 aleli taşıyıcılarında uygulanan bu nutrigenetik yaklaşımlar genel olarak hastalığının seyrinin iyileştirilmesinde umut verici olmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alzheimer hastalığı, Apolipoprotein E4, Genetik polimorfizm, Nutrigenetik

ApoE4 Variant in Alzheimer's Disease: Impact of Nutrigenetic Approaches and Nutrition

Öz

Alzheimer's disease; It is an age related neurodegenerative central nervous system disease characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and memory loss under the influence of a certain neuropathology. ApoE4 polymorphism, one of the genetic factors affecting the pathogenesis of the disease, has been defined as the highest genetic risk factor associated with the late-onset disease form. In the pathology of the disease, ApoE4 allele, an apolipoprotein involved in Amyloid-β (Aβ) metabolism, affects lipid metabolism, inflammatory pathways, blood-brain barrier integrity and glucose metabolism in the body. A diet planned according to these affected metabolic pathways can be effective in preventing the disease or delaying the age of onset of the disease in ApoE4 allele carriers. There are studies showing that the Mediterranean diet, which has a low glycemic index and contains antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids, and the consumption of B group vitamins and inulin, play an important role in improving the course of the disease. These nutrigenetic approaches applied in ApoE4 allele carriers at high genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder with an increasing prevalence, are promising in improving the course of the disease in general.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alzheimer, Apolipoprotein E4, Genetic polymorphism, Nutrigenetics

Kaynakça

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