Determination of Susceptibility Levels of Apple (Malus domestica L.) Varieties to Fire Blight Disease

Öz

This study was carried out to determine the sensitivity reactions of 11 different apple (Malus domestica L.) varieties against Erwinia amylovora. In 2014 and 2015, 79 bacterial strains were isolated from diseased plant samples taken from Iğdır province, 58 of them were identified as E. amylovora by fatty acid methyl ester analysis. Colony color, gram reaction, catalase, oxidase, fluorescent pigment, levan colony formation, and growth characteristics at 36 °C of the strains were determined. Stark Crimson, Joremini, Williams Pride, Red Chief, Scarlet Spur, Fuji Zhen Aztec, Granny Smith, Mondial Gala, Amasya, Golden Reinders, and Pink Lady apple cultivars were used in the susceptibility test against fire blight disease. The susceptibility of the cultivars was evaluated depending on the leaf and shoot inoculation. As a result of leaf reaction; Pink Lady was highly susceptible, 4 varieties (Jeromine, Granny Smith, Mondial Gala, and Amasya) were susceptible and 6 varieties (Stark Crimson, Williams Pride, Red Chief, Scarlet Spur, Fuji Zhen Astec, and Golden Reinders) were moderately susceptible. According to evaluations of shoot reaction; 8 varieties (Stark Crimson, Jeromine, Williams Pride, Red Chief, Scarlet Spur, Fuji Zhen Astec, Granny Smith, and Mondial Gala) were less susceptible and 3 varieties (Amasya, Golden Reinders, and Pink Lady) were moderately susceptible.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Erwinia amylovora
• leaf resistance
• shoot resistance
• Malus domestica L.
• fatty acid methyl ester

Elma (Malus domestica L.) Çeşitlerinin Ateş Yanıklığı Hastalığına Karşı Duyarlılık Düzeylerinin Araştırılması

Öz

Bu çalışma, Erwinia amylovora’ya karşı 11 farklı elma (Malus domestica L.) çeşidinin duyarlılık reaksiyonlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında, Iğdır ilinden alınan hastalıklı bitki örneklerinden 79 bakteri straini izole edilmiş, bunlardan 58 tanesi yağ asit metil ester analizi ile E. amylovora olarak tanılanmıştır. Strainlerin koloni rengi, gram reaksiyon, katalaz, oksidaz, floresan pigment, levan koloni oluşumu ve 36 oC’de gelişme özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Ateş yanıklığı hastalığına karşı duyarlılık denemesinde Stark Crimson, Joremini, Williams Pride, Red Chief, Scarlet Spur, Fuji Zhen Aztec, Granny Smith, Mondial Gala, Amasya, Golden Reinders ve Pink Lady elma çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Çeşitlerin duyarlılıkları yaprak ve sürgün inokulasyonuna bağlı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çeşitlerin patojene karşı gösterdikleri yaprak reaksiyonu sonucunda bir tanesinin çok duyarlı (Pink Lady), 4 tanesinin duyarlı (Jeromine, Granny Smith, Mondial Gala ve Amasya) ve 6 tanesinin orta derecede duyarlı (Stark Crimson, Williams Pride, Red Chief, Scarlet Spur, Fuji Zhen Astec ve Golden Reinders) olduğu saptanmıştır. Sürgün reaksiyonu sonucunda elde edilen çeşit duyarlılığına göre 8 çeşit (Stark Crimson, Jeromine, Williams Pride, Red Chief, Scarlet Spur, Fuji Zhen Astec, Granny Smith ve Mondial Gala) az duyarlı, 3 çeşit (Amasya, Golden Reinders ve Pink Lady) orta derecede duyarlı olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Erwinia amylovora
• yaprak dayanıklılığı
• sürgün dayanıklılığı
• Malus domestica L.
• yağ asit metil ester

Kaynakça

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